簡(jiǎn)介：PHDDISSERTATL0INCONTROLEFFICACYOF13DTOVEGETABLEROOTKNOTNEMATODEANDITSE舵CTONSOILBACTERICALDIVERSITYDEPARTMENTCOLLEGEOFPLANTPROTECTIONMAJORPESTICIDESCIENCEPHDCANDIDATEKANGQIAOSUPERVISORPROFKAIYUNWANGJUNE，2013，符號(hào)說明L，3D13DIEHLOROPROPENER，13一二氯丙烯16SRDNA16SRIBOSOMALRNAGENE，16S核糖體RNA基因DATDAYSAFTERTREATMENT，處理后天數(shù)WATWEEKSAFTERTRANSPLANTING，移栽后周數(shù)DDH20DOUBLEDISTILLEDWATER，雙蒸水PCRPOLYMERASECHAINREACTION，聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)R／MINROTATIONPERMINUTE。轉(zhuǎn)愉鐘RCORRELATIONCOEFLICIENT，相關(guān)系數(shù)DGGEDENATURINGGRADIENTGELELECTROPHORESIS，變性梯度凝膠電泳TORFLPTERMINALRESTRICTIONFRAGMENTLENGTHPOLYMORPHISM，末端限制性片段長(zhǎng)度多態(tài)性PCOAPRINCIPALCOORDINATESANALYSIS，主坐標(biāo)分析LC50LETHALCONCENTRATIONFOR50％，致死中濃度LC90LETHALCONCENTRATIONFOR90％，90％死亡濃度VIF膜VIRTUALLYIMPERMEABLEFILM，無滲透膜TⅢ膜TOTALLYIMPERMEABLEFILM，完全不滲透膜PE膜POLYETHYLENEFILM，乙烯膜CFUCOLONGFORMINGUNITS，經(jīng)培養(yǎng)所得菌簇形成單位OTUOPERATIONALTAXONOMICUNITS，系統(tǒng)分類操作單元FDAFLUORESCEINDIACETATE，熒光素二乙酸酯WHOWORLDHEALTHORGANIZATION，世界衛(wèi)生組織FAOFOODANDAGRICULTUREORGANIZATION，聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織EPAUSENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONAGENCY，美國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)署UNEPUNITEDNATIONSENVIRONMENTPROGRAMME，聯(lián)合國(guó)環(huán)境規(guī)劃署

簡(jiǎn)介：聲波共振技術(shù)防治農(nóng)作物有害生物的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究及其實(shí)現(xiàn)重慶大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文（學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)位）學(xué)生姓名劉元坤指導(dǎo)教師劉京誠(chéng)教授陳小強(qiáng)高級(jí)工程師專業(yè)儀器科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)科門類工學(xué)重慶大學(xué)光電工程學(xué)院二O一三年五月EXPERIMENTALSTUDYONCROPPESTCONTROLTHROUGHACOUSTICRESONANCETECHNOLOGYITSIMPLEMENTATIONATHESISSUBMITTEDTOCHONGQINGUNIVERSITYINPARTIALFULFILLMENTOFTHEREQUIREMENTFTHEDEGREEOFMASTEROFENGINEERINGBYLIUYUANKUNSUPERVISEDBYPROFLIUJINGCHENGASSISTANTSUPERVISEDBYSENENGCHENXIAOQIANGSPECIALTYINSTRUMENTSCIENCETECHNOLOGYCOLLEGEOFOPTOELECTRONICENGINEERINGOFCHONGQINGUNIVERSITYCHONGQINGCHINAMAY2013

簡(jiǎn)介：分類號(hào)SQ≥LTL、學(xué)學(xué)校代碼10593學(xué)號(hào)QIIQ壘QQ壘密級(jí)彥商大學(xué)位論文專業(yè)名稱植物病理學(xué)學(xué)院名稱農(nóng)學(xué)院指導(dǎo)教師姓名劉斌教授申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士論文提交日期2013年6月論文答辯日期2013年5月22日學(xué)位授予日期2望墨疊6盆答辯委員會(huì)主席韋繼光教授論文評(píng)閱人雙盲審評(píng)閱論文評(píng)閱人雙盲審評(píng)閱廣西大掌碩士掌位論文平菇木霉病的病原鑒定反其防治初步研3；已平菇木霉病的病原鑒定及其防治初步研究摘要木霉是平菇栽培的重要病原真菌，引起平菇產(chǎn)量減少和品質(zhì)下降。本文從被木霉污染的食用菌栽培料中分離木霉并進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)和分子鑒定、最適生長(zhǎng)溫度測(cè)定以及致病力分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上，以133個(gè)平菇菌株為材料，通過室內(nèi)甲板試驗(yàn)和栽培試驗(yàn)來進(jìn)行平菇對(duì)木霉的抗性分析，并探討植物源農(nóng)藥和植物乙醇提取液對(duì)木霉和平菇的影響。所得主要結(jié)果如下1、從被木霉污染的食用菌栽培料中分離純化得到37株木霉，經(jīng)形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定為哈茨木霉TRICHODERMAHARZIANUM、平菇木霉TRICHODERMAPLEUROTUM、長(zhǎng)枝木霉TRICHODERMALONGIBRACHIATUM和橘綠木霉TRICHODERMACITRINOVIRIDE，其中以平菇木霉為主。對(duì)木霉菌株進(jìn)行ITS序列分析和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹構(gòu)建，序列分析支持形態(tài)學(xué)鑒定結(jié)果。溫度試驗(yàn)表明，4種木霉的最適生長(zhǎng)溫度為28～30℃。對(duì)37株木霉進(jìn)行致病力測(cè)定，發(fā)現(xiàn)致病力強(qiáng)的菌株為哈茨木霉和平菇木霉。2、以哈茨木霉T12和平菇木霉T33為供試菌，從133個(gè)平菇菌株中篩選得到18個(gè)對(duì)木霉T12有一定抗性的菌株，并進(jìn)行栽培試驗(yàn)，結(jié)果表明P13L的抗霉力最強(qiáng)，總產(chǎn)量損失率最低，而且子實(shí)體形態(tài)特征良好。拮抗反應(yīng)結(jié)果顯示P131與其他供試菌株親緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)，而且在栽培中發(fā)現(xiàn)P131子實(shí)體不同于其余菌株，顏色較深，菌蓋較小。3、藥劑室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，5種植物源農(nóng)藥對(duì)木霉和平菇的長(zhǎng)速均有較大的抑制作用，木霉菌絲變得稀疏細(xì)弱、孢子產(chǎn)量明顯減少，而平菇菌絲比對(duì)照濃密和粗壯。其中，丁子香酚對(duì)哈茨木霉的抑制作用最大，對(duì)平菇菌絲抑制作用較小。4、植物提取液室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明丁香SYZYGIUMAROMATICUM能完全抑制2種木霉菌絲的生長(zhǎng)和孢子的萌發(fā)；厚樸MAGNOLIAOFFICINALIS對(duì)哈茨木霉菌絲抑菌率為83．18％，對(duì)其孢子抑制率為100％，對(duì)平菇木霉菌絲和孢子的抑制率均為100％?？傮w看來，丁香和厚樸的乙醇提取液對(duì)木霉的抑制效果最好；厚樸對(duì)平菇菌絲抑制率為44．39％，

簡(jiǎn)介：I二海師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文摘要摘要西紅花是一種具有很高經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的名貴藥用植物，上世紀(jì)80年代初西紅花首先在上海引種成功，以后種植面積逐年擴(kuò)增。西紅花腐爛病是西紅花休眠期和生長(zhǎng)期的重要病害之一，該病的發(fā)生導(dǎo)致西紅花產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)的下降，嚴(yán)重時(shí)減產(chǎn)幅度超過50％以上。本研究以感染腐爛病的西紅花球莖為試驗(yàn)材料，對(duì)西紅花腐爛病病原菌進(jìn)行了分離和鑒定，并對(duì)上市殺菌劑的防治效果進(jìn)行比較，優(yōu)選低毒高效農(nóng)藥及其復(fù)方制劑。本文以具有腐爛病癥狀的室內(nèi)休眠期和大田生長(zhǎng)期西紅花球莖為試驗(yàn)材料，經(jīng)病原菌分離與單孢純化，獲得16株細(xì)菌和20株真菌，經(jīng)過致病性檢測(cè)，證實(shí)CRS一5、CRS一7、CRS一103株真菌為西紅花腐爛病主要致病菌。采用致病菌形態(tài)學(xué)觀察并結(jié)合RDNAITS序列分析，初步鑒定菌株CRS5為曲霉屬ASPERGILLUS的巴西曲霉ASPERGILLUSBRASILIENSIS；菌株CRS一7為鐮刀菌屬FUSARIUM的尖孢鐮刀菌FUSARIUMOXYSPORUM菌株CRS10為青霉菌屬PENICILLIUM的桔青霉菌PE，7ICILLIUMCITRINUM。利用平皿法對(duì)市購(gòu)的14種供試農(nóng)藥進(jìn)行優(yōu)選，結(jié)果表明對(duì)3株致病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)均具有明顯抑制作用的農(nóng)藥是退菌特、溴菌腈、福美雙和克菌丹；對(duì)3株致病菌孢子生長(zhǎng)均具有明顯抑制作用的農(nóng)藥是退菌特、福美雙和克菌丹。選取這4種農(nóng)藥配制不同濃度梯度的含藥培養(yǎng)基，進(jìn)行抑制菌絲生長(zhǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，制作毒力回歸方程。經(jīng)毒力回歸方程計(jì)算，對(duì)于巴西曲霉CRS一5菌株溴菌腈的抑制效果最好，其EC50最小，為777RAGL一，其次是福美雙和克菌丹，EC50分別為2976MGL。和2652MGL～；對(duì)于尖孢鐮刀菌CRS一7致病菌抑制效果最好的是溴菌腈，其ECS。最小，91617MGL～，說明溴菌腈對(duì)尖孢鐮刀菌CRS7的抑制效果最好；其次是退菌特和福美雙，EC50分別為2053MGL1和2976MGL～；對(duì)于桔青霉菌CRS10抑制效果最好的是溴菌腈，其EC50最小，為1655MGL一；其次是退菌特和福美雙，EC50分別為2588MGL’1和5369MGL～。篩選出的4種有效農(nóng)藥，根據(jù)其作用于菌絲或孢子的不同作用機(jī)理，以EC；。為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行4組復(fù)配組合I福美雙溴菌腈、II退菌特溴菌腈、IⅡ退菌特百菌清、Ⅳ退菌特克菌丹，結(jié)果表明I和Ⅳ兩組復(fù)配藥劑對(duì)3株致病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)和孢子生長(zhǎng)均有很好的抑制作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)還研究了4種有效農(nóng)藥和4組復(fù)配藥劑以及常用農(nóng)藥多菌靈、百菌清對(duì)西紅花球莖生根的影響，結(jié)果表明福美雙、克菌丹、百菌清、III退菌特百菌清及IV退菌特克菌丹對(duì)西紅花球莖的生根均無影響。最終篩選出較上海師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTFULIIIIIIIIIULIIIIIIIIIILUFABSTRACT衛(wèi)爭(zhēng)至爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)爭(zhēng)多CROCUSSATIVUSISAVALUABLEMEDICINALPLANTSWITHHIGHECONOMICVALUE，INTHEEARLY1980S，CROCUSSATIVUSFIRSTSUCCESSFULINTRODUCTIONINSHANGHAI，ACREAGEYEARAFTERYEARAMPLIFICATIONCROCUSSATIVUSROTISONEOFTHEIMPORTANTDISEASESDURINGCROCUSSATIVUSSTORAGEANDGROWINGSEASON，RESULTINGINTHEOCCURRENCEOFTHEDISEASECROCUSSATIVUSYIELDANDQUALITYDECLINE，SEVERECUTSMORETHAN50％INTHISSTUDYTHESTORAGEOFINFECTEDCROCUSSATIVUSBULBROTDISEASEASTESTMATERIALS，CROCUSSATIVUSROTPATHOGENSWEREISOLATEDANDIDENTIFIED，ANDCHARACTERIZEDBYASINGLEAGENTANDFUNGICIDESCREENINGROOMCOMPLEX，WHILEMEDICAMENTSOAKINGCROCUSSATIVUSBULBSCARRIEDOUTAPRELIMINARYSTUDYINTHISPAPERTHEPERFORMANCEOFROTSYMPTOMSOFSTORAGECROCUSSATIVUSBULBSASTESTMATERIAL，THEPATHOGENISOLATIONANDPURIFICATIONOFSINGLESPORE，GET16BACTERIAAND20FUNGI，AFTERDETECTINGPATHOGENICCONFIRMEDCRS5，CRS7，CRS103STRAINSOFFUNGIASCROCUSSATIVUSROTMAJORPATHOGENSPATHOGENSUSINGMORPHOLOGICALANDCOMBINEDRDNAITSSEQUENCEANALYSISIDENTIFIEDTHESTRAINCRS一5ISONEOFTHESPECIESOFASPERGILLUSASPERGILLUSASPERGILLUSBRASILIENSIS；STRAINSCRS一7ASFUSARIUMFUSARIUMINONESPECIESFUSARIUMOXYSPORUM；STRAINSCRS10ASPENICILLIUMPENICILLIUMOFONEKINDPENICILLIUMCITRINUMTHEUSEOF14KINDSSUPPLIEDTESTPHARMACYOFINDOORPHARMACYSCREENINGRESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHETHREEPATHOGENSWERESIGNIFICANTLYINHIBITEDMYCELIALGROWTHOFTHEPESTICIDEISTUZET，BROMOTHALONIL，THIRAMANDCAPTAN；PAIROF3INDUCEDSPORESWEREGROWNWITHPESTICIDESSIGNIFICANTLYINHIBITEDTHETUZET，THIRAMANDCAPTANSELECTEDTHESEFOURKINDSOFPHAMMCEUTICALPREPARATIONCONTAININGDIFFERENTCONCENTRATIONSOFTHEDRUGCULTUREMEDIUM，BACTERIOSTATICEXPERIMENTPRODUCEDVIRULENCEREGRESSIONEQUATIONAFTERTOXICITYREGRESSIONEQUATIONFORCRS一5STRAINTUZETITSSMALLESTECSOFOR777MGL～，DESCRIBEDTUZETPATHOGENSFORCRS一5BESTINHIBITORYEFFECT，F(xiàn)OLLOWEDBROMOTHALONILNITRILEANDCAPTAN，ECSOWERE2976MGL_。AND2652MGL’1；FORCRS一7ISTHEBESTINHIBITORYEFFECTOFPATHOGENSBROMOTHALONILITSSMALLESTECSOFOR1617MGL～SHOWSBROMOTHALONILPATHOGENSFORCRS一7BESTINHIBITORYEFFECT；FOLLOWEDTUZETANDTHIRAM，ECS0WERE2053MGL～AND2976RAGL_；FORCRS一10INDUCEDTHEIII

簡(jiǎn)介：分類號(hào)密級(jí)華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文“人自然，，耦合下土壤侵蝕時(shí)空演變及其防治區(qū)劃應(yīng)用以湖北省為例SOFTEROSIONDYNAMICSINDUCEDBYNATURALANDANTHROPOGENICFORCINGSANDITSREGIONALIZATIONAPPLICATIONACASESTUDYINHUBEIPROVINCE，CHINA博士研究生學(xué)號(hào)華麗060450021專業(yè)資源環(huán)境信息工程研究方向土壤侵蝕與GIS應(yīng)用獲得學(xué)位名稱農(nóng)學(xué)博士獲得學(xué)位時(shí)間2013年6月華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院二。一三年六月華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)2013屆博士研究生學(xué)位論文目錄捅要IABSTRACT110R1緒論L11選題依據(jù)與研究意義L111選題背景1112研究意義112國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展3121土壤侵蝕影響因素3122土壤侵蝕影響因素尺度10123土壤侵蝕區(qū)劃治理1213現(xiàn)存問題及不足142研究目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容1621研究目標(biāo)1622研究?jī)?nèi)容1623研究思路與技術(shù)路線1724數(shù)據(jù)收集與整理20241數(shù)據(jù)來源20242數(shù)據(jù)收集20243數(shù)據(jù)整理203研究區(qū)概況2331研究區(qū)自然環(huán)境概況23311地理位置23312地質(zhì)地貌23313氣候24314水文25315土壤25

簡(jiǎn)介：南開大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文茄根腐病病原鑒定及其抗藥性和防治技術(shù)研究姓名王勇申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)微生物學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師邢來君楊依軍200151JABSTRACTRECENTLY，ASOILBORNEDISEASEEGGPLANT1OOTROTBROKEOUTSERIOUSLYINTIANJIN，WHICHCAUSEDPLANTROOTSTOROTANDDIE，ANDEFFECTEDTHEPRODUCTIONOFEGGPLANTHEAVILY，INTHISPAPER，WESTUDIEDTHEIDENTIFICATION，CHARACTERIZATIONANDRESISTANCETOFUNGICIDESOFEGGPLANTROOTROTPATHOGENS，USINGGRAFTINGTOCONTROLTHISSOILBORNEDISEASEWECOLLECTEDANDSEPARATEDSEVENTYFOURSTAINSOFPATHOGENSFROMTHEINFECTEDEGGPLANTINTHEFIELDANDGAINEDTWOSPECIESPATHOGENSTHEIDENTIFICATIONRESULTSSUGGESTTHATTHE。ISOLATORSBELONGTOFUSARIUMSOLANIMARTSACCANDFUSARIUMSOLANIVARCOERULEUMSACCBOOTHRESPECTIVELYSTUDIESONTHECHARACTERIZATIONSOFPATHOGENSSHOWTHATTEMPERATUREANDPHVALUEHAVELARGEEFFECTONTHEPATHOGENS，WHILENITROGEN，PHOSPHORUSANDPOTASSIUMNUTRIENTHAVENOTOBVIOUSEFFECTATPRESENT，THEREARENOCULTIVARSWHICHHAVEHIGHDISEASERESISTANTWETESTEDTHERESISTANCETOFUNGICIDESOFEIGHTYFOURPATHOGENSTRAINS，WHICHWEREISOLATEDFROMTHEINFECTEDEGGPLANTSINTIANJINSOMEOFTHESESTRAINSHAVESHOWEDHIGHRESISTANTTOCARBENDAZIM，THIOPHANATEMETHYL，METALAXYL，CHLOROTHALONIL，THIRAMANDHYMEXAZOL，WEALSOSTUDIEDTHERELATIONSHIPOFCROSSRESISTANTBETWEENTHESEFUNGICIDESFROMTHERESULTS，WEHAVEDEVELOPEDNEWPESTICIDES55WPGENRULINGAND50WPGENFUJINGATLAST，WESTUDIEDGRAFTINGTECHNIQUESTOCONTROLEGGPLANTROOTROT，ANDSCREENEDSOMESUITABLESTOCKSSUCHASTELBAME，GANGGUOETCFORPLANTINGINTIANJIN，WHICHPOSSESSHIGHDISEASERESISTANTABILITYTOFUSARIUMROOTROTANDFUSARIUMWILTWEALSOSTUDIEDTHEKEYTECHNIQUESOFGRAFTINGKEYWORDSEGGPLANTROOTROT，F(xiàn)USARIUMSOLANIMARTSACC，F(xiàn)USARIUMSOLANIVARCOERULEUMSACEBOOTH，IDENTIFICATION，BIOLOGICALCHARACTERIZTION，RESISTANCE，GRAFTING2

簡(jiǎn)介：CIASSIFIEDINDEXUDCSOUTHWESTUNIVERSITYOFSOIENCEANDTECHNOIOGYMASTERDEGREETHESISEFFECTOFRAPEPIASMODIOPHORABRASSICAEONRAPEGROWTHANDTHEDRUGPREVENTIONANDCONTR0LRESEARCHGRADE2011CANDIDATELUXIAOXAACADEILLICDEGREEAPPIIEDSPECIAISUPERVIF0RMASTERDEGREEITYPHYT009YS0RPR0FESS0RKANGXAOHUAPR202014西南科技大學(xué)碩士研究生學(xué)位論文第1頁摘要油菜根腫病是一種世界性的土傳病害，每年給油菜造成的損失在15％以上，目前國(guó)內(nèi)外都在對(duì)其展開深入研究。本課題是“國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化四川創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)油菜病蟲防治研究”項(xiàng)目的資助下，以室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)和大田試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方式，通過測(cè)定健康油菜和不同發(fā)病等級(jí)油菜的光合氣體交換參數(shù)和葉綠素?zé)晒鈪?shù)以及相關(guān)酶活性，探究油菜根腫病對(duì)油菜生長(zhǎng)的影響，并通過大田小區(qū)藥效試驗(yàn)，篩選出防治根腫病高效低毒的藥劑。研究結(jié)果表明1油菜發(fā)病較輕1級(jí)時(shí)，其凈光合作用速率PN、最大光化學(xué)強(qiáng)度凡／砌和PSII潛在活性FV／FO與對(duì)照相比沒有顯著差異，說明此時(shí)油菜沒有受到根腫病脅迫；但當(dāng)油菜發(fā)病等級(jí)為5級(jí)和7級(jí)時(shí)，尸刀、，V／砌、N／FD都顯著降低，降低幅度分別達(dá)318％～755％、08％～28％和29％～126％，說明此時(shí)油菜受到根腫病脅迫，光系統(tǒng)I和光系統(tǒng)II受到抑制，光合效率降低。2苗期油菜發(fā)病初期，油菜對(duì)根腫病非常敏感，導(dǎo)致根和葉中的SOD、POD活性顯著降低；但隨著發(fā)病等級(jí)的升高，激活了油菜體內(nèi)的防御酶系統(tǒng)，使SOD、POD和CAT活性顯著升高，通過協(xié)同作用清除細(xì)胞內(nèi)多余的氧自由基，防止細(xì)胞的氧化損傷。蕾苔期發(fā)病油菜根部的SOD活性顯著降低，說明根腫病導(dǎo)致油菜根部SOD酶系統(tǒng)受到抑制；但POD和CAT活性整體呈上升的趨勢(shì)，說明根腫病沒有導(dǎo)致油菜根部的POD和CAT酶系統(tǒng)破壞?；ê?1天和38天，發(fā)病油菜籽粒中的G6PDH和PPASE活性與健康油菜相比都顯著降低，降低幅度為分別為61％～545％和147％“566％。發(fā)病油菜的單株產(chǎn)量都要顯著低于健康油菜，降低幅度為167％～587％。3藥劑處理對(duì)油菜各時(shí)期株高具有正效應(yīng)，效應(yīng)大小順序?yàn)樗肫澟黼p黃酮博落回氰霜唑枯草芽孢桿菌哈茨木霉菌。防治效果大小順序?yàn)榍杷蛩牖ㄉ茧p黃酮哈茨木霉菌博落回枯草芽孢桿菌，其中氰霜唑2種濃度下的防效分別達(dá)到788％和872％，穗花杉雙黃酮3種濃度下的防效分別達(dá)到574％、658％和788％。增產(chǎn)效果大小順序?yàn)樗牖ㄉ茧p黃酮氰霜唑博落回哈茨木霉菌枯草芽孢桿菌，其中穗花杉雙黃酮3種濃度下的增產(chǎn)率分別為161％、23O％和285％。綜上所述，植物提取藥穗花杉雙黃

簡(jiǎn)介：摘要單位代碼10635學(xué)號(hào)112013318001317碩士學(xué)位論文碩士學(xué)位論文重慶市主要?dú)庀鬄?zāi)害對(duì)農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量的影響及其綜合評(píng)價(jià)論文作者高姣姣指導(dǎo)教師徐剛學(xué)科專業(yè)自然地理學(xué)研究方向城市地貌與災(zāi)害地貌提交論文日期2016年4月7日論文答辯日期2016年5月27日學(xué)位授予單位西南大學(xué)中國(guó)重慶2016年5月

簡(jiǎn)介：分類號(hào)華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文密級(jí)荸薺莖點(diǎn)霉稈枯病的發(fā)生規(guī)律及其防治技術(shù)研究OCCURRENCEANDCONTROLOFCHINESEWATERCHESTNUTSTEMBLIGHTCAUSEDBYP日D朋HBELLIDIS研究生趙玳琳學(xué)號(hào)2011301110160指導(dǎo)教師黃俊斌教授指導(dǎo)小組侯明生教授王國(guó)平教授羅朝喜教授程家森副教授楊龍副教授專業(yè)植物病理學(xué)獲得學(xué)位名稱農(nóng)學(xué)碩士研究方向植物真菌病害獲得學(xué)位時(shí)間2014年6月華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院二。一四年六月荸薺莖點(diǎn)霉稈桔病的發(fā)生規(guī)律及其防治技術(shù)研究目錄摘要IABSTRACT。III第一章文獻(xiàn)綜述11荸薺概述111荸薺的分布及作用112荸薺真菌性病害2121荸薺莖稈上真菌性病害。2122荸薺球莖貯藏期真菌性病害42莖點(diǎn)霉屬國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)展621莖點(diǎn)霉屬分類鑒定6211莖點(diǎn)霉形態(tài)學(xué)分類鑒定6212莖點(diǎn)霉分子分類鑒定822莖點(diǎn)霉生物學(xué)特性92_3莖點(diǎn)霉的侵染特性及生命周期。1024莖點(diǎn)霉病害的防治技術(shù)研究113研究目的及意義12第二章荸薺莖點(diǎn)霉稈枯病菌在離體荸薺莖稈上的侵染過程13L材料與方法1311供試材料1312分生孢子懸浮液的制各一1313分生孢子懸浮液接種離體荸薺莖稈刺傷和不刺傷處理后侵染過程觀察13131樣品取樣與接種方法13132光學(xué)顯微鏡樣品的制備及觀察14133掃描電鏡SEM樣品的制備與觀察1414分生孢子懸浮液接種不同抗感荸薺品種莖稈侵染特性觀察1515數(shù)據(jù)處理方法152結(jié)果與分析15

簡(jiǎn)介：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文降鈣素基因在乳酸菌中的表達(dá)及其對(duì)蛋雞骨質(zhì)疏松癥防治作用的研究姓名何召慶申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士專業(yè)預(yù)防獸醫(yī)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師劉尚高秦澤榮200251明RCT可以分泌到大腸桿菌和乳酸桿菌的細(xì)胞外。／JJSD系大白鼠對(duì)乳酸桿菌LAS318表達(dá)的基因工程重組降鈣素RCT的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行了研究力L第一次預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，LAS318培養(yǎng)上清可使、大自鼠血鈣由106MG／L00ML下降到94MG／100ML，證明LAS318培養(yǎng)上清中的重組降鈣素具有降低大白鼠血鈣的作用，第二次預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示，LAS318培養(yǎng)上清中重組降鈣素的生物學(xué)效價(jià)接近4MU／ML。然后，利用降鈣素國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品，通過平行線原理四點(diǎn)法22法測(cè)定了LAS3L8培養(yǎng)上清中重組降鈣素的生物學(xué)效價(jià)為272MU／ML，其95％可信效價(jià)范圍為218～324MU／ML，平均可信限率為1942％，說明實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較精確，誤差較小。，／／用表達(dá)降鈣素基因的LAS318對(duì)2群籠養(yǎng)蛋雞進(jìn)行動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)，以癱瘓雞數(shù)量，產(chǎn)蛋率，血清降鈣素含量為檢查指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，使用LAS3L8的試驗(yàn)組，雞群中癱瘓雞的數(shù)量比對(duì)照組減少出現(xiàn)癱瘓的骨質(zhì)疏松癥患雞服用LAS318一個(gè)月后。25％的雞可恢復(fù)站立。證明重組乳酸桿菌LAS318對(duì)籠養(yǎng)蛋雞骨質(zhì)疏松癥具有較好的防治效果。，廠／通過本項(xiàng)研究，證明了乳酸桿菌非抗生素抗性表達(dá)載體PW425T是有效L的，可以用該載體表達(dá)各種微生物、寄生蟲的功能基因，也可以用來表達(dá)各J／種小分子蛋白旗藥物W關(guān)鍵詞降鈣素，乳酸桿菌，、像達(dá)，籠養(yǎng)蛋雞，骨質(zhì)疏松癥一礦／撲，

簡(jiǎn)介：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文麻黃根腐病病原及其防治初步研究姓名朱春雨申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)植物病理學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師李健強(qiáng)劉西莉200261ABSTRACTTENEPHEDRAROOTROTDISEASEDSAMPLESWERECOLLECTEDFROMEPHEDRAPRODUCTIONAREAOFNINGXIA，CHINADURING2001THEPURIFIEDMICROBIALISOLATESWEREIDENTIFICATEDBYMEANSOFTHEKOCH’SPOSTULATIONTHERESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEISOLATESMAINLYBELONGEDTOFUNGISUCHASFUSARIUMSPP，ALTERNARIASPP，ANDPENICILLIUMSPP，ANDOTHERISOLATESWERESOMEBACTERIAPATHOGENICITYTESTINDICATEDTHATESUBGLUTINANSHADTHESTRONGESTPATHOGENICACTIVITYWITHMORETHAN60％DISEASEDSEEDLINGRATE，WHILEPATHOGENICITYRATEOFEOXYSPORUM，ESEMITECTUM，ESOLANFVARCOERU尼HMANDESOLANIWEREFROM1O％TO20％WHENESUBGLUTINANSWASINOCULATEDWITHOTHERISOLATESTHEDISEASEDINDEXOFMIXEDINOCULATIONSWEREALLHIGHERTHANTHOSEOFTHEIRINDIVIDUALSTHEOTHERFUNGIANDBACTERIAHADNOPATHOGENICITYONEPHEDRATHEEXPERIMENTSREVEALEDTHATESUBGLUTINANSWASTHEKEYPATHOGENOFEPHEDRAROOTROT，WHILEEOXYSPORUM，ESEMITECTURNANDTHEOTHERTWOFWARIUMSPECIESALSOPLAYEDANIMPORTANTROLESINTHECOINFECTIONPROCESSTHERESULTSOFMICROSCOPICCHARACTERANDULTRASTRUCTURESTUDYONESUBGLUTINANSINFECTIONEXPERIENCESHOWEDTHATTHECONIDIUMGERMINATEDAT4“1HOURMORETHAN90％CONIDIAHAVEGERMINATEDAT8HOURHYPHAEFORMEDCONICALBRANCHAT12”HOURANDPIERCEDINTOTHECELLOFTHEROOTAT24HOURAFTERINOCULATIONBEINGINTERCELLULARANDINTRACELLULARHYPHAEFORMEDBRANCHESWHICHINFECTEDINTOINEPHEDRA，HYPHAEGREWANDADJACENTCELLSMYCELIAGROWTHINHIBITORYEFFECTSOFPROCHLORAZONFSUBGLUTINANSFOXYSPORUMFSEMILECLUM。FSOLANIVARCOERULEHMANDFSOLANIWERESTRONGERTHANTHOSEOFCARBENDAZIMANDHYMEXAZ01MEDIANEFFECTIVECONCENTRATIONEC50VALUESOFPROCHLORAZINHIBITEDMYCELIAOFFSUBGLUTINANSFOXYSPORUM，F(xiàn)SEMITECTUMFSOLANIVARCOERULEUMANDFSOLANIWEREFROM001GG／MLTOO0499／M1RESULTSOFFUNGICIDECONUOLONEPHEDRAROOTROTINGREENHOUSESHOWEDTHAT25％PROCHLORAZEMULSIBLECONCENTRATEECHAVESOMECONTROLEFFECTSWHICHWASUPTO40％KEYWORDROOTROTDISEASEOFEPHEDRA；FUSARIUMSPP；COINFECTION；UHRASTRUCTUREPROCHLORAZ4

簡(jiǎn)介：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文戊唑醇的合成及其對(duì)小麥紋枯病的防治效果姓名高仁君申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)植物病理學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師李金玉200251ABSTRACTINTHISPAPERATRIAZOLEFUNGICIDETEBUCONAZOLEWASSYNTHESIZEDINTHELABORATORYTHROUGHCHEMICAITECHNOLOGYTOCHOOSETHEBESTCOMBINATIONRATIOTOCENTRELWHEATRHIZOCTONIACEREALIS，TEBUCONAZOLEANDTRIADIMEN01WEREMIXEDINDIFFERENTPROPORTIONIOTHEIABORATORY2％TRIADIMENOLTCBUCONAZOLESEEDCOATINGFORMULATIONSCFWASTHENPREPAREDTHEBIOEFFICACYOF2％TRIADIMENOL_“REBUCONAZOLESCFONWHEATSHARPEYESPOTWASEVALUATEDINTHELABORATORYTEST，POTEXPERIMENTANDFIELDINVESTIGATIONRESPECTIVELYINGREENHOUSE，THEEFFECTOFTEBUCONAZOLE。TRIADIMENOLAND2％TRIADIMEN01TEBUCONAZOLESCFOILRROWTHANDDDEVELOPMENTOFWHEATSEEDLINGWASEVALUATEDTHEEFFECTOF2％TRIADIMEN01TEBUCONAZOLESCF’1’RJADIMEN01AND“REBUCONAZOLEONTHEERGOSTEROLCONCENTRATIONINWHEATRHIZOCTON砌CEREALISWASDETERMINEDBYHI曲PERFORMANCELIQUIDCHROMATOGRAPHYHPLCSTARTINGFROM4CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE，TEBUCONAZOLEWASSYNTHESIZEDTHROUGHFOURSTEPSALDOLCONDENSATION，SELECTIVECATALYSISHYDROGENATION，SUL仁YLIDEEPOXIDATION，ADDITIONREACTIONOFEPOXYPROPANETHETOTALYIELDIS48％THEREACTIONCONDITIONSOFEACHSTEPWASOPTIMIZEDTHEFINIAIPRODUCTWASCONFIRMEDBYIRHNMRMSITWASPROVENBYLABORATORYBIOASSAYANDPOTTESTTHATTHEBESTCOMBINATIONRATIOOFTEBUCONAZOLEANDTRIADIMENOLWAS462％TRIADIMEN01TCBUCONAZOLESCF‘WHICHCONTAINED12％RRIADIMENOLAND08％TEBUCONAZOLEPROVIDEDGOODCONTROLOFWHEATSHARPEYESPOTDISEASETHEBC50OFTRIADIMENOL，2％TRIADIMEN01TCBUCONAZOLESCFANDTEBUCONAZOLEONWHEATRHIZOCTONIACEREALISWEREL151峪，ML，0167PG／MLAND0092PG／MLRESPECTIVELYTHEEFFECTOFTRIADIMEN012％州EDIMEN01TEBUCONAZOLESCFAND“REBUCONAZOLEONTHESEEDGERMINATION，SEEDLINGGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTOFWHEATWASSTUDIEDBYLABORATORYTESTANDPOTEXPERIMENTN他RESUTSSHOWEDTHATTHESEEDGERMINATIONANDSEEDLINGEMERGENCEWERESERIOUSLYINHIBITEDWHENUSERATEWASMORETHAN039俺PERSEEDS，O69／KGPERSEEDSEXCEPT2％喇ADIMENOLTEBUCONAZOLESCFBOTHFUNGICIDASINDUCEDDELETERIOUSERIECTSONWHEATSEEDLINGGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENLBUTATTHESANLEDOSE，THEMAGNITUDEOFDELETERIOUSEFFECTSWITHTEBUCONAZOLEWASLESSTHANTHATWITHTRIEDIMEN01THEADDITIONOFGA3ALLEVIATEDTHESIDEEFFECTIONINDUCEDBYTHOSEFUNGICIDESINTHEMEANTIMETHEACTIVITYOFOAMYLASEINWHEATATDIFFERENTTREATMENTSWASASSAYEDTHERESULTSHOWEDPFIMARILYTHATTHEMODEOFACTIONFOR1’CBUEONAZOLEONWHEATGROWTHANDDEVELOPMENTMAYBETHEINHIBITIONORINTERFERENCEINBIOSYNTHESISOFGALTHATREDUCEDTHEACTIVITYOFNAMYLASEATTHESⅢLLE∞ERATE2％TFIADIMENOLTEBUCONAZOLESCFANDTEBUCONAZOLECARTPROVIDETHESAMECONTROLOLLWHEATSHARPEYESPOTDISEASEATTHESAMETIME2％一TRIADIMENOLTEBUCONAZOLESCFC鋤SIGNIFICANTLYIFLCREASETHEEMERGENCEOFWHEATSEEDLINGTHEFRESHWEIGHTPERHUNDREDWHEATSEEDLINGSASWELIASTHENUMBEROFWHEATSEEDLINGTILLERSERGOSTEROLINWHEATRHIZOCTONIACEREALISWASANALYZEDQUALITATIVELYANDQUANTITATIVELYBYREVERSEHPLCMOBILEPHASEMETHANOLWATER9010FLOWRATE1ML／MINDETECTORUVWAVELENGTH280NMSYSTEMTHERESULTSHOWEDTHAT“REBUCONAZOLE2％TRIADIMENOITEBUEONAZOLESCF‘州EDIMENOLATLOWERCONCENTRATIONCOULDINHIBITTHEBIOSYNTHESISOFERGOSTEROLINWHEATRHIZOCTONIAEEREAL西ANDTHEABIIITVOFTHEINHIBITIONWASNEGATIVECONSISTENTWITHTHEIREC50、KEYWERDSCHEMICALSYNTHESIS，“REBUCONAZOLE；WHEATRHIZOCTONIACEREALIS；ERGOSTEROL；AAMYLASE2

簡(jiǎn)介：廈門大學(xué)博士后學(xué)位論文海水養(yǎng)殖魚蝦微生物性疾病及其防治姓名周永燦申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別博士后專業(yè)海洋生物指導(dǎo)教師蘇永全20020501的吞噬活性，對(duì)相關(guān)疾病具有十分良好的預(yù)防效果。應(yīng)用超聲波對(duì)8～20CM青石斑魚體表吸收能力的影響研究表明，超聲波的超聲強(qiáng)度和作用時(shí)間以及所浸泡的氯霉素溶液的濃度都對(duì)青石斑魚體表吸收氯霉素的能力有顯著影響，且呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。此外，不同的超聲作用方法也能顯著影響實(shí)驗(yàn)石斑魚的體表吸收能力，其中，超聲后浸泡比浸泡后超聲以及脈沖超聲比連續(xù)超聲均能更顯著地提高石斑魚的體表吸收能力。根據(jù)合適超聲能顯著提高生物機(jī)體通透性的原理，本文重點(diǎn)探討了以超聲免疫法接種魚病疫苗的可行性。首先，本文以超聲免疫法對(duì)青石斑魚進(jìn)行了接種溶藻弧菌滅活疫苗的研究，結(jié)果表明，在10MIN的作用時(shí)間下，實(shí)驗(yàn)青石斑魚的合適安全超聲參數(shù)為強(qiáng)度在400MW／CM2以下的低頻超聲。為此，在進(jìn)行魚病疫苗的超聲免疫研究時(shí)，我們選擇頻率為35KHZ，強(qiáng)度為175MW／CM2的超聲波對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)魚類作用2MIN，使用的超聲接種方法包括連續(xù)超聲2MIRA浸泡2MIN后連續(xù)超聲2MIN；連續(xù)超聲2MIN后浸泡2MIM浸泡2MIN，連續(xù)超聲2MIN后再浸泡2MIN；脈沖超聲4RAIN脈沖超聲的方法為連續(xù)超聲30SEC，停30SEC；再連續(xù)超聲30SEC，再停30SEC；；浸泡2RAIN后脈沖超聲4RAIN；脈沖超聲4MIN后浸泡2RAIN；浸泡2MIN，脈沖超聲4MIN后再浸泡2MIN。結(jié)果表明，在所有實(shí)驗(yàn)的超聲免疫法中，以“脈沖超聲加浸泡”以及“浸泡、脈沖超聲再加浸泡”這2種方法的免疫效果最好，達(dá)到了與注射法相當(dāng)?shù)乃?，明顯優(yōu)于浸泡法而在操作便利程度上，超聲免疫法又與浸泡法相當(dāng)，顯著優(yōu)于注射法。為了進(jìn)一步探索超聲免疫法的使用效果，本文還以真鯛以及溶藻弧菌和鰻弧菌二聯(lián)疫苗為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，得到了與以超聲免疫法接種石斑魚溶藻弧菌疫苗相似的結(jié)果，表明以該方法進(jìn)行魚病疫苗免疫接種是可行的。

簡(jiǎn)介：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文異型眼蕈蚊在西洋參上的為害特性及其防治方法姓名馮春光申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)農(nóng)業(yè)昆蟲與害蟲防治指導(dǎo)教師秦玉川20030401ABSTRACTPNYXIASCABIEIHOPKCITERSNEMATOEERASCIARIDAEWHICHCANCAUSESERIOUSDAMAGETOAMERICANGINSENGWASFIRSTOBSERVEDINBEIJINGSUBURBINORDERTOWORKOUTANEFFECTIVECONTROLMETHODSOMEBIOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICSOFTHISINSECTPESTWASSTUDIEDTHEMAINRESULTSWEREASFOLLOWS1THEEFFECTIVEACCUMULATEDTEMPERATUREOFPSCABIEIFROMEGGTOPUPAWAS2062DAYDEGREE；THEDEVELOPMENTZEROOFEGGS，LARVAEANDPUPAEWAS514105“C，381O95“CAND721O53“CRESPECTIVELY；ITWASESTIMATEDTOHAVE9GENERATIONSINAYEARINBEIJINGTHEADULTS’POPULATIONDYNAMICSSHOWEDTHEREWERE2PEAKSINONE”ALONEWASINTHEENDOFJUNETOEARLYJULYANDTHEOTHERINEARLYSEPTTHEMAINDAMAGESTAGEWASLARVAEWHICHCOULDFEEDANDBORETHETISSUEOFGINSENGROOTADULTSPREFERREDWEAKLIGHTANDTHEYCOULDMATEINASHONTIMEAFTEREMERGENCEFROMPUPAE，F(xiàn)EMALECOULDAPPROXIMATELYLAY4060EGGSONTHEINJUREDTISSUEOFGINSENGROOTORINTHESOILNEARBY2LARVAECOULDNOTDIRECTLYFEEDANDINJURETHEHEALTHYGINSENGTISSUE，BUTIFTHEEPIDERMISOFTHEGINSENGROOTSWEREINJUREDBYMECHANICAL，INSECTPESTSORPATHOGENSTHEYCOULDSECONDLYCAUSESERIOUSDAMAGEITHADBEENDEMONSTRATEDTHATAMIXINJURYFROMCYLINDROCARPONDESTRUCTUNSAFUNGYANDPSCABIEICOULDCAUSEMOREDAMAGETHANTHEIRSINGLEINJURYTOTHETISSUEOFGINSENGROOT3THEREWASANOTABLERELATIONSHIPBETWEENSOILNUTRIENT，ESPECIALLYTHEORGANICMATTERANDTHEDAMAGEDEGREEOFPSCABIEITHEMOREOFTHESOILORGANICMATTERTHELIGHTEROFTHEGINSENGROOTSWEREDAMAGED4THEOLFACTORYRESPONSEOFTHEADULTSOFPSCABIEITOATTRACTANTSEXTRACTEDFROMSEVENPLANTSWASSTUDIERESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHEADULTSMOSTLIKELYTENDEDTOEXTRACTIVEFROMGINSENG，F(xiàn)OLLOWEDBYMUSHROOM，CARROTANDPOTATOONTHECONTRARYTHEYEVADEDTHEOTHERTWOEXTRACTIVESFROMCUCUMBERANDGARLICTHELARVAEOFPSCABIEIHAVESTRONGABILITYOFFINDINGHOST5THECONTROLSTRATEGYTOPSCABIEIWASALSOSTUDIEDAGRICULTURALCONTROL，SUCHASAPPLYINGORGANICFERTILIZERROTATION，PLOUGHINTIME，SHOULDPUTONTHEBASEOFALLTHEOTHERCONTROLSTWOEFFECTIVEBIOPESTICIDESFORTHE尸SCABIEICONTROLHADBEENSCREENEDOUT，THEYWEREABMECTINANDMATRINEKEYWORDSPNYXIASCABIEIHOPK，DAMAGECHARACTERISTIC，AMERICANGINSENG，CONTROLMEASURE

簡(jiǎn)介：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文茄黃萎病的病原生物學(xué)特性及其防治姓名張輝申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別碩士專業(yè)蔬菜學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師梁繼農(nóng)20030501揚(yáng)州大學(xué)順JJ學(xué)位論義THEPATHOGENBIOLO留ANDCONTMIOFE鋁PLANTVERTICIIII咖WIITNEPAPER勰A出EDON婦BIOLO礱叫CH燃OF吐1EPA岬OFEGGPL鋤TVE施CILLI啪、VIKDISEASERE函鋤CEIDEND丘洳OFEG印LA工1TV耐甜ES1HS，AND30ISOL織OF陀毗溉HM愀C01LECL硝0RISOLATED鼢LEG印L毗P叩PERANDC蝴MJIALLGSU陬響妣1HEO曬ILALCOLONYCOLOROF婦SEISOL№S、VEREBLACKHDWW甌MECOLORARLDFOⅡNOF吐1E∞LON洶VARIEDAFL船BEMB砌TUREDSEVEML劬ESFORIN嘲NCE，SOMEOF恤渤LALESLOSED婦CALBINTYOFPMDUC崦ITLI∞SDERDTI啪ANDME扭痂ALRNYCELIUMC_11越；EDDENSEORMILLTHESEISOL鼬ESWERECLASSI丘EDAS山REE帥ESBY吐1EVA枷0N刪L時(shí)AND吐1ESTABILITYOF齜VARI撕ONI№吐DT0VAⅨ吐LEISOK惦COULDLEEPTLE甜GILLALCHAR蛾ERAFBERBES11I艇D5血1ES，4ISOLATESBELOI則TOTHIS孵；IIEA夥TOVAIIANCEBUCTLEVARIANT訓(xùn)D咖恤0RI幽AL出刪ISOL獺SBDONGEDTOTHIS帥E；II姬ASYTOV乏IRIARLCE越LD也EW喊W訛STABLE鋤DC0越血’TRE咖MEORI西11ALCHARAC毗6ISOLA髓BD鋤卿TO吐邀奄弘。FIVEISOLATES她ICH婦LUDED恤THR∞ABOVE卯ES觚DIS01ALOD疔OMDI丘H咖HOSBWA≈CHOOS。DFBF吐LETE啦OFCULTUREANDPATLLOG鰣CI夠THERESUL擔(dān)SILOWED【量L砒岫WASN0州OUSORSI舒丘CANTDI腦ENCE啪ONGM鼬斛ALES衙缸R(shí)EQ㈣OF蜘撇ANDPH，ME