呼倫貝爾草場(chǎng)沙漠化機(jī)制及生態(tài)恢復(fù)研究.pdf

1、中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文呼倫貝爾草場(chǎng)沙漠化機(jī)制及生態(tài)恢復(fù)研究姓名：周堯治申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別：博士專(zhuān)業(yè)：作物栽培與耕作學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師：郭玉海翟志席20060601AbstractGrasslanddesestiffeafronisthemain巾leofdeserfificalioninChinaThec柚seofgrasslanddesenificationandtheproccssofecologicalrestorationofdegener

2、ativegrasslandbecameaveryimpooantecologicalproblemTheregionofHulunheiergrasslandininnerMongoliawasselectedfurstudyinthethesisThesystemmechanismofdesertificationw越advancedthrotlghmeteorologicaldataanalysis，fieldinvestigat

3、ionsAtthesametimetheprocessofeclogicalrestorationofdegenerativegrasslandwasresearchedThemainresultsofthispaperCallbeshowedasfoIlows：●WiththeconceptionofthescienceofsystemHulunbeiergrasslandecosystemconsistsofgrmsslandsoc

4、ietyandeconomysubsystem，grasslandanimalsubsystem，grasslandplantsubsystemfundussubsystemandinteriorenvironmentsystemAndtheglobalenvironmentisexteriorenvironmentThemostoutstandingcharacteristicofhalunbeirgrasslandecosystem

5、evolvementinrecent50aisrapidoverspreadingofgrasslandsocietyandeconomysubsystemThepopulationinhulunbeirgrasslandincreasedfrom26737in1949to278747in2004by104timesThelivestockinHulunheirgrasslandincreasedfrom110millionin1949

6、to804millionin2004by73timesThemechanismofHulunbalergrasslanddeseaificationisasfoIlows：Onthemicrocosmiclevel，therearcfactsineverysubsystemandsystemicinteriorandexteriorenvironmentthataccelerategrasslanddesenificationAndth

7、efactorscouplingontimeandspacewhichformthemicrocosmicgroundwork；OnthemacrocosmiclevelowningtotherapidoutspreadofgrasslandsocietyandeconomysubsystemHulunbeiergrasslandecosysteminteriorstructureandfunctionbecomeincongruity

8、whichcausegrasslandfundussubsystemandgrasslandplantsubsystemlocallycollapseundertheinfluenceoftheglobeenvironment●Fencingenhancesthesoilwaterthatfrom20eraSoillayerto70cmSoillayerandgrazingenhancesthesoilwaterthatfromOems

9、oillayerto10cmsoil]ayersecondlyWdhtheevolvementofvegetation，mobiledunesturnintosemimobileduneswhichenhmlcesthesoilwaterofthesoillayerfrom20cmto90cmwhereplantrootsystemmainlydistribute，butwiththeincreasingofvegetationcove

10、rsemi—fixedduneturnintofixeddunes，whichdecreasesthesoilwaterofthesamesoillayer●，rherearealargenumberofgerminahleseedsinthesoilofHulunbeiergrassland’sfixeddunesIntheexperiment，therearc1I296germinableseedsineachsquaremeter

11、and26kindsofseedsayedetectedaggregatelywhichcarloffertheseed’ssourcefurtherestorationofthedesertifieationgrassland●Bothinintemalandexternalfencingthereisnodifferenceonthenunberofplantspeciesin100msamplelineButfencingchan

12、gsthedegreeofconsistencyandimportanceofeveryplantspeciesinplantcommunltySecondl弘dyearslaterfencingenhancesthedominanceofAncuralepidiumchinensis，Agropyroncristatum，Stipaspininternalfencinginalargeextengandfencingreducesth

13、edominanceofCarexdudusula，ClestogenessquarrosaArtemisiafrigida，PotentillaacaulisininternalfencinginalargeextentThirdlymostplantsininternalandexternalfencingJustmakealittlechangeonfrequenee，but4years’fencingenhancethefreq

14、uenceoftwokindsofplant：Agropyroncristatumfrom43％to64％，Stipa印，froml5％t042％AndfencingreducesCarexdutiusala’sfrequencefrom990／0to87％●Thekeyofcombatingdesetfificationistoresolvetheproblemsofthefarmerandnomadintheirllyingsubs

15、istenceanddevelopmentInordertofundamentallyconlrolthedesertificationitisimportantt0makegreateffortsonindustrydevelopmentecologicalprotectionandraisingtheearningoffarmersandnomadSomeresearchhavebeendoneon“theproductiontec

16、hnologysystemofChineseherbalmedicine’ssaposhnikoviadivaricataschischkindustrialization，thetechnologysystemoftheAmericanwildgoose’scultivation，theproductiontechnologysystemoffencingandartificialgrassland，thetechnologysyst

17、emofcombatingdeserfificationAndthenewdevelopmentmodeltakingChineseherbalmedicinesaposhnikoviadivaricatasehisehkandtheAmericanwildgooseasmainproductshassenedupwhichhasbroughtalongtheearningofnomad’sraisingandthecontrolofg