65“一帶一路”倡議的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 中英文雙語畢業(yè)設計外文文獻翻譯成品（最新）

1、<p>　　外文標題：The Current Situation of the One Belt and One Road Initiative and Its Development Trend</p><p>　　外文作者：Jiadong Zhang</p><p>　　文獻出處: Annual Report on the Development of the Indian

2、Ocean Region ，2018，103-138</p><p>　　英文5100單詞， 26890字符，中文7203漢字。</p><p>　　此文檔是最新的外文翻譯成品，無需調(diào)整復雜的格式哦！下載之后直接可用，方便快捷！價格不貴。</p><p>　　原文：The Current Situation of the One Belt and One Road

3、Initiative and Its Development Trend</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　Since its being initially put forward in 2013, the One Belt and One Road strategic initiative has gone through

4、3 phases, namely: put forwarding of concepts, development of framework, and establishment of cooperation partners. The One Belt and One Road initiative displays the following three main characteristics: quick development

5、 of the initiative, quick acceptance of it by the international community, and quick pushing forward of relevant projects. Quick pushing forward of the initiative is a r</p><p>　　Keywords ：The one belt and o

6、ne road initiative, View on development and security, New type of globalization, Openness, Flexibility</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is the ?rst internatio

7、nal strategic initiative that China put forward, and it covers 64 countries across three continents, namely, Asia, Africa and Europe; and the initiative covers 4.4 billion people, and a com- bined GDP of 2.3 billion doll

8、ars, accounting for 63 and 29% of the world’s total respectively. The total trade volume of the countries along the One Belt and One Road accounts for about 1/4 of the world’s total trade volume, and these countries’ eco

9、n</p><p>　　1The One Belt and One Road Initiative Is Comprehensively Launched</p><p>　　In September and October 2013, during his visit to countries in Central Asia and Southeast Asia, Chinese pr

10、esident Xi Jinping proposed in succession joint building of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. In 2014, the One Belt and One Road initiative was made one of the three major strategies of

11、 China.1 In March 2015, China’s National Development & Reform Commission,Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Commerce, jointly issued the Vision and Proposed Actions</p><p>　　1.1Top Level Design

12、 Has Been Basically Completed</p><p>　　Firstly, the top level design for the One Belt and One Road strategic initiative has been completed, and all supporting mechanisms have been established. On March 28, 2

13、015, China’s National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Vision and Proposed Actions Outlined on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-

14、century Maritime Silk Road (Vision and Proposed Actions), which marked the basic completion of the top level des</p><p>　　Secondly, the leading mechanism for the One Belt and One Road initiative has been est

15、ablished. The leading group for building of the One Belt and One Road, that was of?cially established in February 2015, is comprised of “one director, and four deputy directors”: Vice-premier of the State Council Zhang G

16、aoli serves as the director of the leading group; and the four deputy directors are Wang Hu’ning, director of the Policy Research Center of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (</p><p>　　Th

17、irdly, the six economic corridor plans of the One Belt and One Road initiative have been basically established. The One Belt and One Road initiative clearly states that, 6 main economic corridors, namely, China-Mongolia-

18、Russia economic cor- ridor, New Eurasia Land Bridge, China–Central Asia–West Asia Economic Corridor, China Pakistan Economic Corridor and Bangladesh–China–India–Burma Economic Corridor, shall be built. China–Mongolia–Rus

19、sia Economic Corridor consists of two important paths: The</p><p>　　Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) was founded in 2016, and it has 57 founding members, and nearly 30 applicant countries and regio

20、ns. AIIB has began operation, and the ?rst project it invested was launched in May 2016 (Pakistan). Throughout 2016, AIIB made investment in 9 projects, with a total investment of 1.72 billion dollars. Among the invested

21、 projects, 2 projects (including building of the M4 highway) are in Pakistan, with a total investment of 400 million dollars. The cooperation</p><p>　　A Large Scale Cooperation Partnership Has Been Establish

22、ed</p><p>　　By the end of 2015, China has signed free trade agreements with 11 countries along the One Belt and One Road, signed bilateral investment agreements with 56 countries along the One Belt and One R

23、oad, and has built 53 economic and trade cooperation areas (overseas economic and trade cooperation areas include pro- cessing zones, industrial parks, science and technology industry parks, etc.). As of the beginning of

24、 2017, the One Belt and One Road initiative has gotten active participation and suppo</p><p>　　The Priority Projects Have Been Started</p><p>　　Projects in the ?eld of transportation, energy and

25、 agriculture are the key projects that the One Belt and One Road initiative plans to develop. Some of these projects are progressing rapidly, while some have encountered challenges and setbacks, but the priority projects

26、 are being pushed forward smoothly.</p><p>　　Firstly, the transportation projects are being pushed forward smoothly. Southeast Asia is a key area in implementation of the One Belt and One Road initiative. Th

27、e railway project linking Jakarta (Indonesia’s capital) and Bandung, and the railway projects that connect China and Laos, China and Thailand, Hungary and Serbia, and the subway orange line in Lahore of Pakistan, have be

28、en started. On November 3, 2016, Gwadar Port formally entered into operation, and trucks from Xinjiang unloaded cargos</p><p>　　Central Asia is an important starting point of the Land Silk Road Economic Belt

29、. At the end of February 2016, the Kamchiq Tunnel for the Angren-Pop railway in Uzbekistan was completed. This tunnel is as long as 20 km, which makes it the longest tunnel in Central Asia. It will promote connectivity b

30、etween China and Central Asia. China and Russia have reached a further agreement on the 770 km long Moscow–Kazan express railway project, into which China is going to directly invest 6.2 billion dollar</p><p&g

31、t;　　South Asia is the main development area of the One Belt and One Road initiative. China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is being pushed forward smoothly. On November 13, 2016, the Gwadar Port was formally put into operatio

32、n. The “Wellington” named cargo vessel of COSCO started from the newly built Gwadar Port, and transmit the goods from Kashgar of Xinjiang to the Middle East and Africa. In Europe, the connectivity project also has achiev

33、ed much progress. Cosco Group’s investment plan in the Piraeus p</p><p>　　In Africa, the Addis Ababa–Djibouti railway, which was built with Chinese equipment and according to Chinese standards, entered into

34、operation on October 5, 2016.</p><p>　　Main Characteristics and Trend of Development of the One Belt and One Road Initiative</p><p>　　2.1Local Enterprises Begin to Hold Dominant Positions</p

35、><p>　　Local enterprises hold a dominant position in making investment overseas, and the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River economic belt are active in making investment overseas. Throughout the year

36、of 2016, local enterprises made a total of</p><p>　　148.72 billion dollars of direct investment overseas, and the percentage that the amount accounts for in China’s total direct investment overseas increases

37、 to 87.4% from 66.7% in 2015. In the investment, enterprises from the provinces and cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt made a total of 60.46 billion dollars of direct investment overseas, accounting for about 3

38、5.5% of China’s total direct investment overseas. The direct investments abroad from Shanghai municipality, Zhejiang province</p><p>　　Private Enterprises are Gradually Gaining an Upper Hand</p><p

39、>　　While in 2006, state-owned enterprises account for 81% in China’s total investment overseas, then from 2006 to 2015, the percentage that state-owned enterprises account for in China’s investments overseas is gradua

40、lly decreasing, and non-state-owned enterprises are gradually becoming an important force in China’s “going global” strategy, overtaking state-owned enterprises (for details, see the following table). The preferred means

41、 for private enterprises to participate in building of the One Bel</p><p>　　China’s direct overseas investment</p><p>　　Source Statistical Bulletin of China’s Direct Investment Overseas in 2015,

42、 Minsheng Securities Research Institute</p><p>　　Political Drive Doesn’t Match Economic Drive</p><p>　　Most of the countries which have a strong political drive to conduct political cooperation

43、in the framework of the One Belt and One Road initiative, don’t have a strong economic drive; while, those countries along the One Belt and One Road which have a low political drive to conduct cooperation usually have hi

44、gh eco- nomic strength. India is the country that holds the most suspicious and negative attitude toward China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative, but this doesn’t affect the enthusiasm of </p><p>　　In 2016,

45、 China’s investment in India reaches as much as 1.063 billion dollars, which is nearly 6 times of the investment in 2015. By the end of 2016, China’s direct investment in India has reached an accumulative total of 4.8 bi

46、llion dollars. While, before 2014, the existing investment in India from China is just 2.4 billion dollars. In June 2016, Zhong Wei Xiao (Chengdu) Investment Management Co., Ltd began to build an industrial park in a pla

47、ce 20 km to the east of Ahmedabad in Gujarat of Indi</p><p>　　3 The One Belt and One Road Initiative Faces Complex Challenges</p><p>　　One Belt and One Road related projects also face great risk

48、s in such aspects as politics, security and ?nance.</p><p>　　Political Risk is a Main Risk that the One Belt and One Road Initiative Faces</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is a stra

49、tegic initiative, and its launch and implementation all depend on the intentions of all concerned parties, and it is highly sensitive to international and domestic political situation. According to the data from China’s

50、?rst blue book about internationalization of enterprises-Chinese Enterprises Internationalization Report (2014), among the 120 failure cases of “investing overseas” that occurred between 2005 and 2014, 25% are due to pol

51、itical reasons</p><p>　　On January 27, 2015, Greece’s new government was sworn in. After winning the election and forming the cabinet, Greece’s aggressive left wing coalition honors its promise to stop selli

52、ng state-owned assets. Executive vice minister Thodoris Dritsas, who is in charge of maritime affairs, declared that, Greece will not sell a majority stake in the Peiraieus port, and that the new government will reconsid

53、er the privatization plan of the port based on the Greece people’s interest. Since Greece’s diffe</p><p>　　The express railway project in Mexico was also a lesson for China. The Chinese company had reached a

54、n agreement with the relevant party in Mexico, and had invested a signi?cant amount of money, but later, the project was unilaterally “shelved” inde?nitely by the Mexican government due to that the opposition party quest

55、ions the tendering process’s transparency, in this way, the project became a victim of Mexico’s internal political ?ght.</p><p>　　Security Risk is a Major Factor That Affects</p><p>　　the Enthus

56、iasm for Implementation of the Initiative</p><p>　　Security risks along the One Belt and One Road, especially non-traditional security risks, are rising. In Southeast Asia, terrorist and pirate activities ar

57、e rising; in South Asia, especially Pakistan and Afghanistan, terrorist threats are always maintaining at a high level; Middle East and North Africa continue to be in a turbulent political situation, and such non-traditi

58、onal security threats as terrorism are still the main threats. Even in European countries, including western European countr</p><p>　　During the period between 1994 and 2004, in the regions where pirate acti

59、vities are the most rampant in the east of the Indian Ocean, namely, the Strait of Malacca and the Indonesia sea area, a total of 1050 pirate attacking incidents happened, among which, 75 happened in the Somalia sea; aft

60、er 2005, the number of pirate activities that occur in the Somalia sea area and the Gulf of Aden sea area in the west of the Indian Ocean increased rapidly. 416 pirate incidents occurred from 2005 to 2009, a</p>&

61、lt;p>　　Security risks also include national security risks. The bilateral or multilateral investment agreements with many countries include clauses about national security, which poses a major potential risk to China’

62、s investment overseas.</p><p>　　4The One Belt and One Road Initiative is Entering a New Stage</p><p>　　In the future, the One Belt and One Road initiative will display the following development

63、trend:</p><p>　　4.1To Enter in the Stage of Multilateral Interaction From Unilateral Pushing Forward</p><p>　　In the ?rst 3 years, the development drive of the One Belt and One Road initiative m

64、ainly comes from unilateral pushing forward by China, which results in that the initiative is not attractive enough. With joining in or participation of more and more countries and organizations, the One Belt and One Roa

65、d initiative is gradually accepted by the international community, which strengthens its appeal as a coop- eration mechanism. In 2017, China is going to hold the One Belt and One Road Internationa</p><p>　　T

66、ransition From the Stage of Launch of the Initiative to the Stage of Cooperation and Implementation</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is a high standard strategic initiative. Success of the initi

67、ative is 10% determined by the initiative itself, 20% determined by its deployment, and 70% determined by its implementation. In the future, China will unite together the three participating parties of government, enterp

68、rises and indi- viduals all in one, and forms a three dimensional landscape of “going global”. In the cooperation and implementation stage, two changes will occur to the main pushing</p><p>　　Expand from Coo

69、peration in the Field of Economy to Cooperation in the Field of Culture and Education</p><p>　　Physical connectivity is the cornerstone of the One Belt and One Road initiative, and to expand economic an

70、d trade relation is only the initial stage of implemen- tation of the initiative, while the initiative’s ultimate objective is to shorten the information and psychological distance between the people of the countries and

71、 regions along the One Belt and One Road, so as to create new identi?cation and consensus on security. Therefore, the One Belt and One Road initiative will expand from coope</p><p>　　Advices on Implementatio

72、n of the One Belt and One Road Initiative</p><p>　　The One Belt and One Road initiative is a comprehensive, long term and overall initiative, and it raises new requirements for China in such aspects as polic

73、y coordination, cross-department cooperation and new model of interaction between the central government and local governments, and it poses new challenges to China’s old model of foreign dealing. In order to adjust to t

74、he new internal and external environment, China needs to focus on making adjustments in the following areas:China’s internat</p><p>　　譯文：“一帶一路”倡議的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢</p><p><b>　　摘要：</b></p>

75、;<p>　　“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措自2013年初步提出以來，經(jīng)歷了三個階段，即：概念提出階段，框架發(fā)展，合作伙伴的建立。 “一帶一路”倡議體現(xiàn)了以下三個主要特征：此倡議的快速發(fā)展，國際社會對此的快速接受，以及相關(guān)項目的快速推進?？焖偻七M這一舉措，是中國各級政府共同推動這一舉措的結(jié)果，也是當前國際形勢發(fā)展的結(jié)果。世界各地正在出現(xiàn)以下趨勢：美國和歐洲國家的反向全球化趨勢越來越明顯;國際貿(mào)易自由化進程面臨越來越大的挑戰(zhàn);經(jīng)濟民族

76、主義情緒正在上升，中小國家的經(jīng)濟利益往往受到損害，這些國家的發(fā)展動力被削弱。在這樣的背景下，“一帶一路”倡議所代表的新型全球化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化行動，不僅構(gòu)成了中國減輕經(jīng)濟發(fā)展內(nèi)外壓力的手段，也代表了中國的一致意見。國際發(fā)展，安全和秩序;此外，它也是國際社會，特別是“一帶一路”沿線國家的自愿選擇，以應對全球化的逆向趨勢，保護自身的發(fā)展利益。今年5月，中國將舉行“一帶一路”國家峰會。到那時，“一帶一路”倡議已經(jīng)完成了啟動階段。好的開始已經(jīng)完

77、成了一半，但是下面的具體實施階段將更加困難，而且更為關(guān)鍵。中國需要精簡內(nèi)外關(guān)系，創(chuàng)新一些經(jīng)濟，金融和行政機制，保持“一帶一路”倡議的開放性和靈活性，</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞 ：一帶一路倡議，關(guān)于發(fā)展和安全的觀點，新型全球化，開放性，靈活性</p><p><b>　　引言：</b></p><p>　　“一帶一路”倡議是中國提出的第一個國際

78、戰(zhàn)略舉措，涵蓋亞洲，非洲和歐洲三大洲的64個國家;該倡議涉及44億人口，綜合國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值23億美元，分別占世界總量的63％和29％。 “一帶一路”沿線國家的貿(mào)易總量約占世界貿(mào)易總量的1/4，這些國家的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相對較快，具有巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。根?jù)麥肯錫公司的估計，到2050年，“一帶一路”沿線地區(qū)將占全球GDP增量的80％左右，并將成為世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的主要推動力。 “一帶一路”倡議代表了中國對秩序和安全的看法，旨在通過縮短地理距離，信息距離和

79、文化距離，促進“一帶一路”沿線不同國家和地區(qū)之間的互聯(lián)互通。促進全球化進程和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化進程，為實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)和平與穩(wěn)定提供經(jīng)濟，社會和文化支持。 “一帶一路”的主要特點是開放性，靈活性和長期性：“一帶一路”倡議是公開的，不拒絕任何實體的參與，也不是為了挑戰(zhàn)或改變當前的秩序，但要補充和完善現(xiàn)有的制度; “一帶一路”倡議是一項靈活的舉措，它不要求雙邊或多邊條約作為合作的先決條件; “一帶一路”倡議是一項長期舉措，并沒有設定任何時間表，而是旨

80、在實現(xiàn)長期利益。</p><p>　　1全面啟動“一帶一路”倡議</p><p>　　2013年9月和10月，在訪問中亞和東南亞國家期間，中國國家主席習近平陸續(xù)提出聯(lián)合建設“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶”和“21世紀海上絲綢之路”。 2014年，“一帶一路”倡議成為中國三大戰(zhàn)略之一.1 2015年3月，中國國家發(fā)展和改革委員會，外交部和商務部聯(lián)合發(fā)布了“愿景”和“行動綱要”概述論絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶與21世紀

81、海上絲綢之路的共建。在短短的三年時間里，“一帶一路”倡議已經(jīng)完成了提出概念，關(guān)于倡議的論證，頂層設計和合作框架的建立的四個階段。目前，中國已完成該項目的頂級設計，合作伙伴已達到較大規(guī)模，優(yōu)先項目已啟動。</p><p>　　1.1頂層設計已基本完成</p><p>　　首先，“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措的頂層設計已經(jīng)完成，所有支持機制已經(jīng)建立。 2015年3月28日，中國國家發(fā)展和改革委員會，外交

82、部和商務部聯(lián)合發(fā)布了關(guān)于共同建設絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶和21世紀海上絲綢之路的愿景和擬議行動（愿景和擬議行動） ，這標志著該倡議的頂級設計的基本完成。愿景和擬議行動列出了五個領(lǐng)域，即政策溝通，設施連通性，暢通貿(mào)易，金融一體化和人民債券，是“一帶一路”建設的關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。其中，設施連通性是建設“一帶一路”的優(yōu)先領(lǐng)域，包括政治，投資，貿(mào)易，金融和文化等領(lǐng)域的廣泛合作。 “一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措與國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系逐步完善。 2016年3月，“中國經(jīng)濟社

83、會發(fā)展第十三個五年計劃指南”（草案）將“一帶一路”倡議納入“十三五”規(guī)劃的主要目標，任務和措施。 “十三五”期間的主要目標，任務和措施主要包括6個方面。 “一帶一路”倡議作為“深化改革開放，建立新的發(fā)展體系”計劃的重要組成部分，將在生產(chǎn)能力，貿(mào)易升級，網(wǎng)絡建設等國際合作上下功夫。高標準的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，基本建立新的體制和新的結(jié)構(gòu)。為了提供“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略舉措的支持機制，中國有關(guān)部委制定并實施了推進這一舉措的計劃。中國教育部，國務院，工業(yè)和&

84、lt;/p><p>　　其次，建立了“一帶一路”倡議的主導機制。 2015年2月成立的“一帶一路”建設領(lǐng)導小組由“一名主任，四名副主任”組成：國務院副總理張高麗擔任領(lǐng)導班長組;四位副主任是中共中央政策研究中心主任王虎寧，國務院副總理王洋，國務院副總理楊靜，楊國務院成員。國家發(fā)展和改革委員會主任徐紹史同時擔任領(lǐng)導小組組長。 “一帶一路”倡議的工作層面領(lǐng)導機制更加順暢。國家發(fā)展和改革委員會，以及其他13個部委和實體，即外

85、交部，環(huán)境保護部，交通運輸部，水利部，農(nóng)業(yè)部，中國人民銀行，國有資產(chǎn)監(jiān)督管理委員會，國家林業(yè)局，中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)督管理委員會，國家能源局，國家外匯管理局，中華全國工商業(yè)聯(lián)合會和中國鐵路總公司共同建立PPP工作機制。 “一帶一路”倡議，加強與“一帶一路”沿線國家基礎設施領(lǐng)域的合作，積極推進PPP模式，鼓勵和幫助中國企業(yè)走出去，促進相關(guān)基礎設施項目的快速落戶。</p><p>　　第三，“一帶一路”倡議的六條經(jīng)濟走廊計劃

86、已基本建立。 “一帶一路”倡議明確指出，6條主要經(jīng)濟走廊，即中國 - 蒙古 - 俄羅斯經(jīng)濟走廊，新歐亞大陸橋，中國 - 中亞 - 西亞經(jīng)濟走廊，中國巴基斯坦經(jīng)濟走廊和孟加拉國 - 建設中印緬甸經(jīng)濟走廊。中蒙經(jīng)濟走廊由兩條重要路徑組成：第一條路徑從華北（北京，天津，河北）延伸至內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特，然后從邊境城市二連浩特延伸至蒙古的烏蘭巴托，然后連接與俄羅斯的遠東鐵路網(wǎng)絡;第二條路徑從大連，沉陽，長春，哈爾濱到滿洲，然后沿著舊中東鐵路延伸到俄羅

87、斯的赤塔。</p><p>　　亞洲基礎設施投資銀行（AIIB）成立于2016年，擁有57個創(chuàng)始成員，近30個申請國家和地區(qū)。亞投行已開始運營，其投資的第一個項目于2016年5月（巴基斯坦）啟動。 2016年，亞投行投資9個項目，總投資17.2億美元。在投資項目中，巴基斯坦有2個項目（包括建設M4高速公路），總投資4億美元。亞太經(jīng)社會與其他國際金融機構(gòu)之間的合作關(guān)系開始建立。加上亞洲開發(fā)銀行（ADB）和世界銀行的

88、貸款，巴基斯坦的兩個項目將獲得11億美元的總投資。亞投行將與其他國際金融機構(gòu)密切合作。亞投行于2016年9月投資的6個項目中，除了孟加拉國的輸電網(wǎng)絡升級和擴容項目完全由亞投行提供貸款外，其他項目均由世界銀行，亞洲開發(fā)銀行，歐洲銀行共同提供。重建與發(fā)展（EBRD），以及其他多邊開發(fā)銀行和商業(yè)銀行。</p><p>　　1.2A大型合作伙伴關(guān)系已經(jīng)建立</p><p>　　截至2015年底，中

89、國與“一帶一路”沿線11個國家簽署了自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定，與“一帶一路”沿線56個國家簽署了雙邊投資協(xié)議，建立了53個經(jīng)貿(mào)合作領(lǐng)域（海外經(jīng)濟）貿(mào)易合作領(lǐng)域包括加工區(qū)，工業(yè)園區(qū)，科技產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)等。截至2017年初，“一帶一路”倡議得到了100多個國家和國際組織的積極參與和支持.3截至2016年9月，中國已簽署并完成與70多個國家的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)調(diào)，區(qū)域和國際組織，并取得了許多成果，包括聯(lián)合聲明，雙邊協(xié)議/合作協(xié)議，合作/諒解備忘錄備忘錄。此外，中國與40多

90、個國家簽署了政府間共同建設“一帶一路”的諒解備忘錄，中國與一帶一帶的40多個國家簽署了“一帶一路”的合作協(xié)議。一條道路，與30多個國家開展了生產(chǎn)能力國際合作;此外，中巴經(jīng)濟走廊建設正在全面推進，中蒙經(jīng)濟走廊計劃的指導方針已經(jīng)正式簽署，新的歐亞大陸橋經(jīng)濟走廊建設正在穩(wěn)步推進。 4中國也在積極推動與一些國家制定雙邊合作計劃的指導方針.5中國與俄羅斯，哈薩克斯坦和巴基斯坦的政策協(xié)調(diào)取得了最好的效果。</p><p>　

91、　1.3優(yōu)先項目已啟動</p><p>　　交通，能源和農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的項目是“一帶一路”倡議計劃發(fā)展的重點項目。其中一些項目進展迅速，有些項目遇到了挑戰(zhàn)和挫折，但優(yōu)先項目正在順利推進。</p><p>　　首先，交通項目正在順利推進。東南亞是實施“一帶一路”倡議的關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域。連接雅加達（印度尼西亞首都）和萬隆的鐵路項目，以及連接中國和老撾，中國和泰國，匈牙利和塞爾維亞的鐵路項目，以及巴基斯坦拉合

92、爾的地鐵橙線已經(jīng)啟動。 2016年11月3日，瓜達爾港正式投入運營，新疆卡車首次在港口卸下貨物。通過這個港口，中國通往印度洋的海門正式開放。與此同時，中國在斯里蘭卡漢班托塔港口和吉布提以及希臘比雷埃夫斯的項目也在進行中。通過這些項目的示范和指導，馬來西亞還計劃與中國合作，在目前的巴生港附近建造第三個港口。馬來西亞表示，由于70％至80％的穿越馬六甲海峽的船只以中國為目的地，因此中國應該參與該港口的計劃。</p><p

93、>　　中亞是土地絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶的重要起點。 2016年2月底，烏茲別克斯坦Angren-Pop鐵路的Kamchiq隧道竣工。這條隧道長達20公里，是中亞最長的隧道。它將促進中國與中亞之間的連通性。中國與俄羅斯就長達770公里的莫斯科 - 喀山高速鐵路項目達成了進一步協(xié)議，中國將直接投資62億美元。</p><p>　　南亞是“一帶一路”倡議的主要發(fā)展區(qū)域。中巴經(jīng)濟走廊正在順利推進。 2016年11月13日，

94、瓜達爾港正式投入運營。中遠集團的“惠靈頓”號貨船始于新建的瓜達爾港，并將貨物從新疆喀什地區(qū)運往中東和非洲。在歐洲，連通性項目也取得了很大進展。中遠集團在希臘比雷埃夫斯港的投資計劃曾經(jīng)遇到過很多政治困難。 2016年4月，中遠海運集團與希臘發(fā)展基金正式簽署了比雷埃夫斯港口管理機構(gòu)股權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓協(xié)議及股東協(xié)議，標志著集團購買比雷埃夫斯港67％的股權(quán)，取得了里程碑式的進展。 2016年11月5日，匈牙利 - 塞爾維亞鐵路簽訂了業(yè)務協(xié)議。</p

95、><p>　　在非洲，亞的斯亞貝巴 - 吉布提鐵路采用中國設備建造，符合中國標準，于2016年10月5日投入運營。</p><p>　　“一帶一路”倡議的主要特點和發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　2.1本地企業(yè)開始占據(jù)主導地位</p><p>　　地方企業(yè)在海外投資中占據(jù)主導地位，長江經(jīng)濟帶沿線省市積極投資海外。 2016年全年，本地企業(yè)共計<

96、;/p><p>　　海外直接投資1487.2億美元，占中國海外直接投資總額的百分比從2015年的66.7％增加到87.4％。在投資方面，來自長江經(jīng)濟帶沿線省市的企業(yè)做了一個海外直接投資總額為604.6億美元，約占中國對外直接投資總額的35.5％。上海市，浙江省和江蘇省的直接投資分別為251.3億美元，131.6億美元和109.4億美元，分別位于各省市投資排名的第1，第5和第7位。中國.22經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)企業(yè)對“一帶一路

97、”沿線國家投資的熱情正在迅速提升。 2015年，上海企業(yè)在“一帶一路”沿線國家投資建立了74家實體，比上年增長8％，即12.1％。投資額增加得更快。 2015年，上海企業(yè)在“一帶一路”沿線國家共投資33.39億美元，增加30.33億美元，增長9.9倍。特別是，租賃和商業(yè)服務業(yè)的投資增加了34倍.23</p><p>　　2.2私營企業(yè)逐漸占據(jù)上風</p><p>　　而在2006年，國有企

98、業(yè)占中國海外投資總額的81％，那么從2006年到2015年，國有企業(yè)在中國海外投資中的比例逐漸下降，非國有企業(yè)逐漸減少成為中國“走出去”戰(zhàn)略的重要力量，超越國有企業(yè)（詳見下表）。民營企業(yè)參與“一帶一路”建設的首選方式是在“一帶一路”沿線國家建設工業(yè)園區(qū)，使企業(yè)能夠“走出去”成為一個整體。那些實力較強的民營企業(yè)通過投資建設海外工業(yè)園區(qū)引領(lǐng)“走出去”，讓更多的企業(yè)能夠跟隨“走出去”群體，參與“一帶一路”建設。截至2016年11月，中國企業(yè)在