外文翻譯--數(shù)控機(jī)床改造

1、<p><b>　　河北建筑工程學(xué)院</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　院別： 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 </p><p>　　專業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　班級(jí)： </p&g

2、t;<p>　　姓名： </p><p>　　學(xué)號(hào)： </p><p>　　外文出處： Software Department, Polytechnical </p><p>　　University of Catalonia, Spain </p>

3、<p>　　附 件：1、外文原文；2、外文資料翻譯譯文。</p><p>　　The Numerical Control Engine Bed Transforms</p><p>　　Harvey B.M ackey</p><p>　　First numerical control system development summary br

4、ief history and tendency </p><p>　　In 1946 the first electronic accounting machine was born in the world, this indicated the humanity created has been possible to strengthen and partially to replace the ment

5、al labor the tool. It with the humanity these which in the agriculture, the industry society created only is strengthens the physical labor the tool to compare, got up the quantitive leap, entered the information society

6、 for the humanity to lay the foundation. </p><p>　　After 6 years, in 1952, computer technology applied to the engine bed , the first numerical control engine bed were born in US. From this time on, the tradi

7、tional engine bed has had the archery target change. Since nearly half century, the numerical control system has experienced two stages and six generation of development. </p><p>　　1.1 Numerical control (NC)

8、 stage (1952 -- 1970) </p><p>　　The early computer operating speed is low, was not big to then science computation and the data processing influence, but could not adapt the engine bed real-time control requ

9、est. The people can not but use numeral logic circuit “to build” to become an engine bed special purpose computer to take the numerical control system, is called the hardware connection numerical control (HARD-WIRED NC),

10、 Jian Chengwei numerical control (NC). Along with the primary device development, this stage has had been</p><p>　　1.2 Computer numerical control (CNC) stage (in 1970 -- present) </p><p>　　In 19

11、70, the general minicomputer already appeared and the mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical control system the core part, from this time on entered the computer numerical control (CNC) the stage (

12、"which should have computer in front of the general" two characters to abbreviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporation in the world first time the computer two most cores part -- logic units and the controller

13、, used the large scale integrated circuit technology integration </p><p>　　The microprocessor is applied to 1974 in the numerical control system. This is because minicomputer function too strong, controlled

14、an engine bed ability to have wealthily (therefore once uses in controlling the multi- Taiwan engine bed at that time, called it group control), was inferior to used the microprocessor economy to be reasonable. Moreover

15、then small machine reliability was not ideal. The early microprocessor speed and the function although insufficiently are also high, but may solve t</p><p>　　In 1990, PC machine (personal computer, domestic

16、custom had called microcomputer) the performance has developed to the very high stage, may satisfiedly take the numerical control system core part the request. The numerical control system henceforth entered based on the

17、 PC stage. </p><p>　　In brief, the computer numerical control stage has also experienced three generations. Namely 1970 fourth generation of -- minicomputer; 1974 five dynasties -- microprocessor and 1990 si

18、xth generation -- (overseas was called PC-BASED) based on PC. </p><p>　　Also must point out, although overseas already renamed as the computer numerical control (namely CNC), but our country still the custom

19、 called the numerical control (NC). Therefore we daily say “numerical control”, the materially already was refers to “computer numerical control”. </p><p>　　1.3 the numerical control future will develop tend

20、ency </p><p>　　1.3.1 open style continues to, to develop based on the PC sixth generation of direction </p><p>　　The software and hardware resources has which based on PC are rich and so on the

21、characteristic, the more numerical controls serial production factory can step onto this path. Uses PC machine to take at least its front end machine, processes the man-machine contact surface, the programming, the assoc

22、iation, question and so on net correspondence, undertakes the numerical control duty by the original system. PC machine has the friendly man-machine contact surface, will popularize to all numerical </p><p>

23、　　1.3.2 approaches and the high accuracy development </p><p>　　This is adapts the engine bed to be high speed and the high accuracy direction need to develop. </p><p>　　1.3.3 develops to the int

24、ellectualized direction </p><p>　　Along with the artificial intelligence in the computer domain unceasing seepage and the development, the numerical control system intellectualized degree unceasingly will en

25、hance. </p><p>　　(1) applies the adaptive control technology </p><p>　　The numerical control system can examine in the process some important information, and the automatic control system relate

26、d parameter, achieves the improvement system running status the goal. </p><p>　　(2) introduces the expert system instruction processing </p><p>　　The skilled worker and expert's experience,

27、the processing general rule and the special rule store in the system, take the craft parameter database as the strut, the establishment has the artificial intelligence the expert system. </p><p>　　(3) introd

28、uces the breakdown to diagnose the expert system </p><p>　　(4) intellectualized numeral servo drive </p><p>　　May through the automatic diagnosis load, but the automatic control parameter, cause

29、s the actuation system to obtain the best movement.</p><p>　　Second, engine bed numerical control transformation necessity </p><p>　　2.1 microscopic looks at the transformation the necessity <

30、;/p><p>　　From on microscopic looked below that, the numerical control engine bed has the prominent superiority compared to the traditional engine bed, moreover these superiority come from the computer might wh

31、ich the numerical control system contains. </p><p>　　2.1.1 may process the traditional engine bed cannot process the curve, the curved surface and so on the complex components.</p><p>　　Because

32、the computer has the excellent operation ability, may the instant accurately calculate each coordinate axis instant to be supposed the movement physiological load of exercise, therefore may turn round the synthesis compl

33、ex curve or the curved surface.</p><p>　　2.1.2 may realize the processing automation, moreover is the flexible automation, thus the efficiency may enhance 3 - 7 times compared to the traditional engine bed.&

34、lt;/p><p>　　Because the computer has the memory and the memory property, may the procedure which inputs remember and save, then the order which stipulated according to the procedure automatic carries out, thus

35、realization automation. The numerical control engine bed so long as replaces a procedure, may realize another work piece processing automation, thus causes the single unit and the small batch of production can automate,

36、therefore is called has realized “flexible automation”. </p><p>　　2.1.3 processings components precision high, size dispersion degree small, makes the assembly to be easy, no longer needs “to make repairs”.&

37、lt;/p><p>　　2.1.4 may realize the multi- working procedures centralism, reduces the components in engine bed between frequent transporting. </p><p>　　2.1.5 has auto-alarm, the automatic monitoring,

38、 automatic compensation and so on the many kinds of autonomy function, thus may realize long time nobody to safeguard the processing. </p><p>　　2.1.6 advantage which derives by above five. </p><p&

39、gt;　　For example: Reduced worker's labor intensity, saved the labor force (a person to be possible to safeguard the multi- Taiwan engine bed), reduced the work clothes, reduced the new product trial manufacturing cyc

40、le and the production cycle, might to the market demand make rapid reaction and so on. </p><p>　　Above these superiority are the predecessor cannot imagine, is an extremely significant breakthrough. In addit

41、ion, the engine bed numerical control carries out FMC (flexible manufacture unit), FMS (flexible manufacture system) as well as CIMS (computer integration manufacture system) and so on the enterprise becoming an informat

42、ion based society transformation foundation. The numerical control technology already became the manufacturing industry automation the core technology and the foundation </p><p>　　2.2 great watches the trans

43、formation the necessity </p><p>　　From on macroscopic looked that, the industry developed country armed forces, the airplane weapon industry, in the end of the 70's, at the beginning of the 80's star

44、ted the large-scale application numerical control engine bed. Its essence is, uses the information technology to the traditional industry (including the armed forces, airplane weapon industry) carries on the technologica

45、l transformations. Except that uses outside the numerical control engine bed, FMC, FMS in the manufacture process, </p><p>　　Third, the numerical control transformation content and superiorly lacks </p>

46、;<p>　　3.1 Transformation industry starting </p><p>　　In US, Japan and Germany and so on the developed country, their engine bed transforms took the new economical growth profession, thrives abundantl

47、y, is occupying the golden age. As a result of the engine bed as well as the technical unceasing progress, the engine bed transformation is “the eternal” topic. Our country's engine bed transformation industry, also

48、enters from the old profession to by the numerical control technology primarily new profession. In US, Japan, Germany, have the broad mark</p><p>　　3.2 Numerical control transformation content </p>&l

49、t;p>　　The engine bed and the production line numerical control transformation main content has following several points: </p><p>　　First is extensively recovers the function, to the engine bed, the produc

50、tion line has the breakdown partially to carry on the diagnosis and the restoration; </p><p>　　Second is NC, the addend reveals the installment on the ordinary engine bed, or adds the numerical control syste

51、m, transforms the NC engine bed, the CNC engine bed; </p><p>　　Third is renovates, for increases the precision, the efficiency and the automaticity, to the machinery, the electricity partially carries on ren

52、ovates, reassembles the processing to the machine part, extensively recovers the precision; Does not satisfy the production request to it the CNC system to carry on the renewal by newest CNC; </p><p>　　Fourt

53、h is the technology renews or the technical innovation, for enhances the performance or the scale, or in order to use the new craft, the new technology, carries on the big scale in the original foundation the technology

54、to renew or the technical innovation, the great scope raises the level and the scale renewal transformation. </p><p>　　3.3 The numerical control transformation superiorly lacks </p><p>　　3.3.1

55、 reduced investment costs, the date of delivery are short</p><p>　　With purchases the new engine bed to compare, may save 60% - 80% expense generally, the transformation expense is low. Large-scale, the spec

56、ial engine bed especially is specially obvious. The common large-scale engine bed transforms, only spends the new engine bed purchase expense 1/3, the date of delivery is short. But some peculiar circumstances, like the

57、high speed main axle, the tray automatic switching unit manufacture and the installment too requires a lot of work, costs a great deal of mo</p><p>　　3.3.2 machine capability stable are reliable, the structu

58、re is limited </p><p>　　Uses foundation and so on lathe bed, column all is heavy but the firm casting component, but is not that kind of welding component, after the transformation engine bed performance hig

59、h, the quality is good, may take the new equipment continues to use many years. But receives the original mechanism the limit, not suitably makes the unprecedented transformation. </p><p>　　3.3.3 familiar un

60、derstood the equipment, is advantageous for the operation service </p><p>　　When purchases the new equipment, did not understand whether the new equipment can satisfy its processing request. The transformati

61、on then otherwise, may precisely calculate the engine bed the processing ability; Moreover, because many years use, the operator already understood to the engine bed characteristic, uses and services the aspect to train

62、the time in the operation short, effective is quick. The transformation engine bed as soon as installs, may realize the capacity load revolution. </p><p>　　3.3.4 may fully use the existing condition </p&g

63、t;<p>　　May fully use the existing ground, does not need to like buys when the new equipment such to have reto construct the ground. </p><p>　　3.3.5 may use the newest control technology </p>&

64、lt;p>　　enhances the production equipment the automated level and the efficiency, improves the equipment quality and the scale, alters to the old engine bed now the horizontal engine bed.</p><p>　　Fourth,

65、numerical control system choice </p><p>　　When the numerical control system mainly has three kind of types, the transformation, should act according to the special details to carry on the choice. </p>

66、<p>　　4.1 Step-by-steps the open system which the electrical machinery drives </p><p>　　This system servo drive mainly is step-by-steps the electrical machinery, the power step-by-steps the electrical

67、machinery, the battery solution pulse motor and so on. Entering sends out which by the numerical control system for instruction pulse, after the actuation electric circuit control and the power enlargement, causes to ste

68、p-by-step the electrical machinery rotation, through gear vice- and ball bearing guide screw vice- actuation executive component. So long as the control command pulse </p><p>　　This system structure simple,

69、debugging service convenient, work reliable, cost low, is easy to reequip successfully. </p><p>　　4.2 The asynchronous motor or the direct current machine drive, diffraction grating survey feedback closed lo

70、op numerical control system </p><p>　　This system and the open system difference is: Physical location feedback signal which by position detector set and so on the diffraction grating, induction synchromesh

71、obtains, carries on the comparison as necessary with the given value, two interpolations enlargements and the transformation, the actuation implementing agency, by the speed which assigns turns towards the elimination de

72、viation the direction movement, until assigns the position and the feedback physical location interpolation is </p><p>　　Enters for the system complex in the structure compared to the split-ring, the cost is

73、 also high, requests strictly to the environment room temperature. The design and the debugging is all more difficult than the open system. But may obtain compared to the split-ring enters for a system higher precision,

74、quicker speed, actuation power bigger characteristic target. May act according to the product specification, decided whether uses this kind of system. </p><p>　　4.3 The direct current servo electrical machin

75、ery drives, encoder feedback semi-closure link numerical control system </p><p>　　Half closed-loop system examination part installs in among passes in the moving parts, indirectly surveys the executive compo

76、nent the position. It only can compensate a system ring circuit interior part of part the error, therefore, its precision compared to closed-loop system precision low, but its structure and the debugging all compares the

77、 closed-loop system to be simple. In makes the angular displacement examination part and the speed examination part and the servo electrical machinery time</p><p>　　The current production numerical control s

78、ystem company factory quite are many, overseas famous company like German SIEMENS Corporation, Japanese FANUC Corporation; Native corporation like China Mount Everest Corporation, Beijing astronautics engine bed numerica

79、l control system group company, Central China numerical control company and Shenyang upscale numerical control country engineering research center. </p><p>　　When choice numerical control system mainly is ea

80、ch kind of precision which the engine bed must achieve after the numerical control transformation, actuates the electrical machinery the power and user's request.</p><p>　　Fifth , in the numerical contro

81、l transformation the main mechanical part reequips the discussion </p><p>　　A new numerical control engine bed, must achieve in the design that, Has the high static dynamic rigidity; Movement vice- between f

82、riction coefficient small, the transmission is ceaseless; The power is big; Is advantageous for the operation and the service. When engine bed numerical control transformation should meet the above requirements as far as

83、 possible. Cannot think the numerical control installment and the ordinary engine bed connects in has met the numerical control engine bed requiremen</p><p>　　5.1 Skids guide rail </p><p>　　Said

84、 to the numerical control lathe that, the guide rail besides should have the conventional lathe guidance precision and the technology capability, but also must have good bears the friction, the attrition characteristic,

85、and the reduction but sends the dead area because of the friction drag. At the same time must have the enough rigidity, by reduces the guide rail to distort to processes the precision the influence, must have the reasona

86、ble guide rail protection and the lubrication. </p><p><b>　　5.2 Gear </b></p><p>　　The common engine bed gear mainly concentrates in the headstock and the gear box. In order to guara

87、ntee the transmission precision, on the numerical control engine bed uses the gear precision class is all higher than the ordinary engine bed. Must be able to achieve the ceaseless transmission in the structure, thus tra

88、nsforms time, the engine bed main gear must satisfy the numerical control engine bed the request, by guarantees the engine bed processing precision. </p><p>　　5.3 Skids the guide screw and the ball bearing g

89、uide screw </p><p>　　The guide screw transmission relates directly to the transmission chain precision. The guide screw selects mainly is decided requests and drives the torque request in the job precision.

90、Is not used by job precision request Gao Shike skids the guide screw, but should inspect the original guide screw attrition situation, like the pitch error and the pitch accumulative error as well as matches the nut gap

91、. The ordinary circumstances skid the guide screw to be supposed not to be lower than 6 levels</p><p>　　The ball bearing guide screw rubs loses slightly, the efficiency is high, its transmission efficiency m

92、ay above 90%; Precision high, the life is long; When start moment of force and movement the moment of force approaches, may reduce the electrical machinery to start the moment of force. Therefore may satisfiedly compare

93、the high accuracy components processing request.</p><p>　　5.4 Safe protection </p><p>　　The effect must take the security as a premise. Transforms in the engine bed must take the corresponding m

94、easure according to the actual situation, cuts noticeable. The ball bearing guide screw vice- is the precision part, when the work must take strict precautions against the dust is specially the scrap and the hard sand gr

95、ains enters the roller conveyer. On longitudinal guide screw also coca overall sheet iron safety mask. The big carriage with skids two end surfaces which the guide rail conta</p><p>　　Sixth,veral examples &l

96、t;/p><p>　　1st, transforms the X53 milling machine with SIEMENS 810M </p><p>　　In 1998, the company invested 200,000 Yuan, with German Simens the 810M numerical control system, the 611A exchange se

97、rvo drive system sds was the X53 milling machine carries on X, Y, the Z three axle numerical control transformation to a company's model; Retained the original main axle system and the cooling system; The transformat

98、ion three axle has used the roller lead screw and the gear drive organization on the machinery. The entire transformation work including the machine design, the elect</p><p>　　2nd, transforms the C6140 lathe

99、 with GSK980T and the exchange servo drive system sds </p><p>　　In 2000, with Guangzhou numerical control plant production GSK980T numerical control system, the DA98 exchange servo unit and 4 locations autom

100、atic tool rests to an electrical machinery branch factory C6140 lathe X, the Z two axes carries on the numerical control transformation; Retained the original main axle system and the cooling system; The transformation t