測繪在礦山測量中的發(fā)展外文翻譯

1、<p>　　The measurement of the surveying and mapping in mine</p><p>　　Since the seventy s, as the electronic technology and laser technology development, the type of surveying and mapping instruments with

2、 electronics (such as range finder, electronic tachometer, gyroscopes) to the traditional surveying and mapping instruments methods produced profound effect. In satellite remote sensing, global positioning system, as a r

3、epresentative of the space on earth observation technology in surveying and mapping application in the science of mature, computer technology, sys</p><p>　　This paper to modern surveying and mapping instrume

4、nts of the development of the technology and its application in mine.</p><p>　　1、Electronic tachometer and its application in mine survey: </p><p>　　Electronic tachometer as the most widely used

5、 surveying and mapping instruments, is electronic technology and optical technology development of the combination of the photoelectric measuring instrument, is also set range finder, electronic advantages in a wide rang

6、e of instruments, application prospects, the intelligent electronic tachometer is currently the biggest selling surveying and mapping instruments, is also the main future development direction. Intelligent electronic tac

7、hometer is with</p><p>　　2、Space information technology and its application in the measurement of the mine.</p><p>　　The core of spatial information technology and the subject is the "3 S&q

8、uot; technology (Remote Sensing:RS)、 (Global Positioning System GPS)、 (Grographic Information System：GIS) Remote sensing including satellite remote sensing and remote sensing, remote sensing data topographic map surveyi

9、ng as the important means in practice has a wide range of applications, satellite remote sensing for mapping is also mine of study and has made some significant results, based on remote sensing data to build digit</p&

10、gt;<p>　　For remote sensing, it can be used as remote sensing data mining on the data topographic map surveying data source, like a piece of correction, through visual interpretation, field adjustable draw the wor

11、k, complete the topographic map surveying and mapping. Compared with the traditional mapping method, using remote sensing data of mapping speed, low cost, high precision, it is a kind of application very extensive mappin

12、g method. Remote sensing in mine measurement of the applications of the key </p><p>　　3 .the inertial measurement system and its application in the measurement of the mine</p><p>　　The inertial

13、measurement system (Inertial ISS) is a kind of navigation and positioning technology, have all-w, autonomous, fast can flexible and advantages, the earth measurement, engineering surveying and mining measure the work of

14、automation and versatility provided another kind of new technology. It is to use the principle of inertial navigation, and earn geodetic data (longitude and latitude, elevation, azimuth, gravity anomaly and vertical defl

15、ection, etc.) of a kind of technology system. </p><p>　　ISS can be divided into two categories: platform utility system and type system in the field of surveying and mapping, ISS main application target incl

16、udes: (1) control measure, such as the existing control point review, encryption, and aerial control, etc.; (2) pipeline monitoring, orientation, crustal deformation, the surface subsidence observation; (3) unde

17、rground positioning, all kinds of engineering and construction measure; (4) earthquake, gravity survey, geophysical research; (5)</p><p>　　Mine survey as a cross subject, the development and the progress and

18、 the mining technology and the development of the mining project, measuring instruments and equipment of science and technology and the development of other subjects like mathematical science, computer science, etc, the

19、development are closely related. Modern mapping technology is based on the electronic technology, space technology, optical technology, computer technology based on comprehensive technology, and has the intellige</p&g

20、t;<p>　　測繪在礦山測量中的發(fā)展</p><p>　　七十年代以來，隨著電子技術(shù)和激光技術(shù)的發(fā)展，光電結(jié)合型的測繪儀器(如測距儀、全站儀、陀螺儀)對傳統(tǒng)的測繪儀器方法產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。以衛(wèi)星遙感、全球定位系統(tǒng)為代表的空間對地觀測技術(shù)在測繪科學(xué)中的應(yīng)用日趨成熟，以計算機(jī)技術(shù)、系統(tǒng)科學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)的地理信息系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)和應(yīng)用為多源測繪信息的獲取、分析、管理、處理及其充分應(yīng)用提供了有力的技術(shù)支持，自動化、智

21、能化的測繪系統(tǒng)已處于研究之中，因此可以說，現(xiàn)代測繪技術(shù)正在經(jīng)歷著一場深刻的革命。礦山測量技術(shù)的一個重要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，在廣大的煤礦、金屬礦山、有色礦山等的生產(chǎn)過程中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。礦山測量的現(xiàn)代任務(wù)是：在礦山勘探、設(shè)計、開發(fā)和生產(chǎn)運營的各個階段，對礦區(qū)地面和地下的空間、資源、(以礦產(chǎn)和土地資源為主)和環(huán)境信息進(jìn)行采集、存儲、處理、顯示、利用，為合理、有效地開發(fā)資源、保護(hù)資源、保護(hù)環(huán)境、治理環(huán)境服務(wù)，為工礦區(qū)的持續(xù)發(fā)展報務(wù)。為了實現(xiàn)其現(xiàn)代任務(wù)

22、，礦山測量必須充分應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代測繪儀器和技術(shù)，將先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)代技術(shù)同礦山測量的實際工作、具體特點相結(jié)合，拓寬礦山測量的生存空間和業(yè)務(wù)范圍，促進(jìn)礦山測量的改革和發(fā)展，適應(yīng)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和礦山體制改革的需要。全站儀、空間信息技術(shù)、慣</p><p>　　2 空間信息技術(shù)及其在礦山測量中的應(yīng)用：</p><p>　　空間信息技術(shù)的核心和主體是“3S”技術(shù)，即遙感(Remote Sensing：RS)、全球

23、定位系統(tǒng)(Global Positioning System: GPS)、地理信息系統(tǒng)(Grographic Information System：GIS)。遙感包括衛(wèi)星遙感和航空遙感，航空遙感作為地形圖測繪的重要手段已在實踐中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用，衛(wèi)星遙感用于測圖也正在礦究之中并已取得一些意義重大的成果，基于遙感資料建立數(shù)字地面模型(DTM)進(jìn)而應(yīng)用于測繪工作已獲得了較多的應(yīng)用。GPS作為一項引起傳統(tǒng)測繪觀念重大變革的技術(shù)，已經(jīng)成為大地測

24、量的主要技術(shù)手段，也是最具潛力的全能型技術(shù)，在礦山測量、控制測量、工程測量、環(huán)境監(jiān)測、防災(zāi)減災(zāi)以及交通運輸工具的導(dǎo)航方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。由于GPS不僅具有全天候、高精度和高度靈活性的優(yōu)點，而且與傳統(tǒng)的測量技術(shù)相比，無嚴(yán)格的控制測量等級之分，不必考慮測點間通視，不需造標(biāo)，不存在誤差積累，可同時進(jìn)行三維定位等優(yōu)點，在外業(yè)測量模式、誤差來源和數(shù)據(jù)處理方面是對傳統(tǒng)測繪觀念的革命性轉(zhuǎn)變。地理信息系統(tǒng)作為對空間地理分布有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集、處理、管

25、理、分析的計算機(jī)技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，其發(fā)</p><p>　　3 慣性測量系統(tǒng)及其在礦山測量中的應(yīng)用： 慣性測量系統(tǒng)(Inertial Surveying System: ISS)是一種導(dǎo)航定位技術(shù)，具有全天候、自主式、快速多能和機(jī)動靈活等優(yōu)點，為大地測量、工程測量和礦山測量作業(yè)的自動化和全能性提供了另一種新的技術(shù)手段。它是利用慣性導(dǎo)航的原理，以同時獲取多種大地測量數(shù)據(jù)(經(jīng)緯度、高程、方位角、重力異常和垂線偏差等)

26、的一種技術(shù)系統(tǒng)。ISS可分為兩大類：平臺式系統(tǒng)和捷聯(lián)式系統(tǒng)，ISS在測繪領(lǐng)域的主要應(yīng)用目標(biāo)包括：(1)控制測量，如對已有控制點的檢核、加密、航測控制等；(2)管線監(jiān)測、定位、地殼形變、地表沉陷觀測；(3)井下定位，各種工程和建筑測量；(4)地震、重力測量，地球物理研究；(5)井筒和罐道梁的垂直性監(jiān)測等。GPS/ISS組合系統(tǒng)是滿足高精度導(dǎo)航和定位要求的發(fā)展方向之一。這種組合系統(tǒng)可使GPS與ISS的性能得到很多互補，能夠以整體大地測量模型

27、進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，同時確定三維坐標(biāo)和大地水準(zhǔn)面，使定位和導(dǎo)航的精度穩(wěn)定，且顯著提高。慣性測量系統(tǒng)在礦山測量中的應(yīng)用主是在礦山井下測量中的應(yīng)用，進(jìn)行井下測量的各項工作，當(dāng)然其在地面也有廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，如</p><p>　　4 其他測繪新儀器新技術(shù)在礦山測量中的應(yīng)用：</p><p>　　其他的現(xiàn)代測繪儀器如激光指向儀、陀螺經(jīng)緯儀、數(shù)字式水準(zhǔn)儀及相關(guān)的測繪技術(shù)等都在礦山測量中得到了應(yīng)用，并以這些

28、儀器技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)，形成了許多礦山測量的專用儀器，作為礦山測量應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)代儀器和技術(shù)。</p><p><b>　　結(jié)論：</b></p><p>　　礦山測量作為一門交叉性學(xué)科，其發(fā)展和進(jìn)步與采礦技術(shù)和礦業(yè)工程的發(fā)展、測量科學(xué)技術(shù)與儀器設(shè)備的發(fā)展、其它學(xué)科如數(shù)理科學(xué)、計算機(jī)科學(xué)等的發(fā)展密切相關(guān)?，F(xiàn)代測繪技術(shù)是建立在電子技術(shù)、空間技術(shù)、光學(xué)技術(shù)、計算機(jī)技術(shù)等基礎(chǔ)上的綜合性技