環(huán)境工程畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯-- 人工濕地系統(tǒng)處理科倫巴塔伊河水的效果(節(jié)選）

1、<p><b>　　中文1980字</b></p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p>　　人工濕地系統(tǒng)處理科倫巴塔伊河水的效果</p><p>　　Ana Kleiber Pessoa Borges1, Sâmia Maria Tauk-T

2、ornisielo1*,Roberto Naves Domingos1 and Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis2</p><p>　　1Centro de Estudos Ambientais; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Av. 24A, 1515; seb@rc.unesp.br; 13506-900; Rio Claro - SP -

3、Brasil. 2Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista; dangelis@rc.unesp.br; 13506-900; Rio Claro - SP - Brasil </p><p><b>　　摘要 </b

4、></p><p>　　這次實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康氖峭ㄟ^科倫巴塔伊河水處理的模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)研究人工濕地系統(tǒng)對水的處理。分析系統(tǒng)在不同點(diǎn)的氨氮，生化需氧量（BDO）化學(xué)需氧量（CDO）的，氯化物，色度，電導(dǎo)率，溶解氧，鎂（Mg），鈉（Na），鉀（ K）硅（Si），總磷，總大腸菌群和大腸埃希氏菌，總?cè)芙夤腆w（TDS），混濁度，植物生物量等的參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明，這種水處理系統(tǒng)能有效消除微生物（總大腸桿菌和大腸桿菌），通過其他參數(shù)之間的分

5、析，在不同的處理階段，理科倫巴塔伊河的水質(zhì)得到明顯的改善。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 水生植物，土壤過濾，微濾，膜生物反應(yīng)器，微生物</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　由于城市規(guī)劃不足，污染不斷的快速增長，水資源浪費(fèi)，水的再生利用不足和缺乏有效的環(huán)保教育 ，水資源已日益變得稀缺。在開始討論水質(zhì)目標(biāo)時，根據(jù)分類系統(tǒng)

6、水資源的調(diào)控利用作為一個有用的工具在環(huán)境理事會的決議（Souza和Tundisi，2003年）被提出?；拘l(wèi)生項(xiàng)目實(shí)施的高成本，可導(dǎo)致較高的公共債務(wù)和爭奪所急需其他必要的服務(wù)資源，如醫(yī)醫(yī)療和教育（Rebouç et al，1999）。自1970年以來，特別是在歐洲和美國較富裕的國家更加集中的努力開發(fā)成本低和有效的項(xiàng)目。在文獻(xiàn)中，有一些污水和水處理的建議，其中，使用超聲波減少細(xì)菌的數(shù)量（Domingos et al., 2005

7、）。另一種工藝是用CWs(人工濕地系統(tǒng))處理水，廢水，生活污水 （Salati et al.,1999）。盡管有證據(jù)證明較高的有機(jī)負(fù)荷的污水具對水生植物的毒性作用（Haynes and Goh, 1978; Gersberg et al., 1986），這些人工濕地系統(tǒng)已被用來作為二級和三級處理（Green et al 1996年; Stober等，1997; Neralla等，1998; Billore等，1999）</p&g

8、t;<p><b>　　材料與方法 </b></p><p>　　在里約熱內(nèi)盧的Claro，SP直轄市，科倫巴塔伊河區(qū)assistência，投影坐標(biāo)X230064和Y7507759 的采集網(wǎng)點(diǎn)收集水樣。收集了一千五百公升用于人工濕地系統(tǒng)的水，按其，根據(jù)環(huán)境理事會第357/2005號決議（環(huán)境理事會，2005年），該水質(zhì)的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)（帕爾馬，席爾瓦和Tauk-Tor

9、nisielo的，2001年）為4類。人工濕地系系統(tǒng)是在一個由4個系列池（反應(yīng)器），水可以連續(xù)流動的250升PVC盒組成。以下是每個反應(yīng)堆加入的東西，如圖1所示：反應(yīng)器1，科倫巴塔伊河區(qū)收集的4類水；反應(yīng)器2， 浮動水生植物鳳眼蓮，并覆蓋80%的水表面；反應(yīng)器3，分別加入3種不同大小的碎石（甲=25–50毫米；乙=6 , 4–12,7mm；丙=2 , 4–4.8mm），并加上沼澤區(qū)的土壤和硅渣；反應(yīng)器4，加入和反應(yīng)器3同樣的三個大小礫石

10、，并加上沼澤區(qū)的土壤和泥炭；在這個系統(tǒng)中，在反應(yīng)器1（P1），反應(yīng)器2（P 2），反應(yīng)器3（P3）和反應(yīng)器，4（P4 ）建立四個采集點(diǎn)。在每個收集點(diǎn)，1L水取樣，0.1L被用于分析的微生物參數(shù)，并在里約熱內(nèi)盧的Claro，SP，Estudos Ambien</p><p>　　人工濕地處理系統(tǒng)水的示意圖</p><p>　　Performance of the Constructed We

11、tland System for the Treatment </p><p>　　圖1 -人工濕地處理系統(tǒng)科倫巴塔伊河的水的示意圖。圖例：P 1=反應(yīng)堆1；P 2＝反應(yīng)堆2；P 3＝反應(yīng)堆3；P 4 ＝反應(yīng)器4 。 </p><p><b>　　結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　人工濕地系統(tǒng)的研究在這里證明是能有效處理河水的，主要系統(tǒng)是由含有

12、水生植物的反應(yīng)器和含有三種不同大小的碎石和沼澤區(qū)的土壤和泥炭的其他反應(yīng)堆組合而成，通過大量的參數(shù)研究，雖然在不同的保留時間，實(shí)現(xiàn)了最高的處理效率。然而，相信漂浮水生植物可以發(fā)揮更大的系統(tǒng)效率，減少在水域的河流污染物。只有在 濁度，總磷，總大腸菌群，大腸桿菌和K的被證實(shí)可以有更高的處理效率，高于85%。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p><p&g

13、t;　　Performance of the Constructed Wetland System for the Treatment of Water from the Corumbataí River</p><p>　　Ana Kleiber Pessoa Borges1, Sâmia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo1*, Roberto Naves Domingos1 an

14、d Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis2</p><p>　　1Centro de Estudos Ambientais; Universidade Estadual Paulista; Av. 24A, 1515; seb@rc.unesp.br; 13506-900; Rio Claro - SP - Brasil. 2Departamento de Bioquími

15、ca e Microbiologia; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade Estadual Paulista; dangelis@rc.unesp.br; 13506-900; Rio Claro - SP - Brasil</p><p><b>　　ABSTRACT</b></p><p>　　The aim

16、of this work was to study the constructed wetland system for the treatment of water from the Corumbataí river simulated on a laboratory scale. The parameters analyzed at different points of the system were ammonia,

17、biochemical demand for oxygen (BDO), chemical demand for oxygen (CDO), chlorides, apparent color, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), silicon (Si), total phosphorous, total colifor

18、ms and Escherichia coli, total dissolved solids (TDS), tu</p><p>　　Key Words: Aquatic macrophytes, filtering soil, microfiltration, bioreactor, microorganisms</p><p>　　INTRODUCTION</p>&l

19、t;p>　　Water has become increasingly scarce due to the lack of urban planning, rapid increase in the pollution, waste, and the lack of water re-usage and effective environmental education programs. Water use regulation

20、 was proposed as an useful tool in beginning discussion of water quality goals according classification system proposed by the CONAMA resolution (Souza and Tundisi, 2003). The high cost of implementing the basic sanitati

21、on projects can lead to higher public debt and compete for the resou</p><p>　　The use of CWs to treat the river water and residual water has been studied in a number of countries (Hammer, 1989; Cooper and F

22、indlater, 1990; Olson and Marshall, 1992; Moshiri, 1993; Kadlec and Knight, 1996), and the problems associated with it have also been studied (Pant et al., 2001; Gómez Cerezo et al., 2001; Braskerud,</p><

23、p>　　2002a,b; Söderqvist, 2002; Pant and Reddy, 2003). The use of the aquatic macrophytes in the CWs has been proven for reducing the amount of the organic matter (Brix, 1993; Nguyen, 2000), remove the nutrients

24、 (Mitsch et al., 2000), and reduce the pathogens (Perkins and Hunter, 2000). In Brazil, this treatment has been questioned with respect to its efficiency and cost/benefit; nevertheless, based on the studies by

25、 Carmen Lúcia Roquette Pinto, of the Universidade Federal Fluminense, an</p><p>　　MATERIALS AND METHODS</p><p>　　The collection site for the water samples from the Corumbataí River was

26、 in the district of Assistência, in the municipality of Rio Claro, SP, UTM coordinates X 230064 and Y 7507759. One thousand five hundred liters of water were collected for use in the CW system, with physical- chemic

27、al properties (Palma-Silva and Tauk- Tornisielo, 2001) that placed them in class 4, according to CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 (CONAMA, 2005).</p><p>　　The CWs was constructed in 250L PVC boxes in a series of 4

28、 tanks (reactors), in a continuous flow.The following was placed in each reactor, as illustrated in Figure 1: reactor 1, class 4 water from the Corumbataí River; reactor 2, floating aquatic macrophyte Eic

29、hhornia crassipes, covering 80% of the water surface; reactor 3, three different sizes of gravel (a = 25 – 50mm; b = 6,4 – 12,7mm; c= 2,4 – 4,8mm), plus soil of cerrado area and Si residue; reactor 4, the same three siz

30、es of g</p><p>　　The physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters were determined using the methodology established in Standard Methods forthe Examination of Water and Wastewater (1998) for th

31、e analysis of ammonia, biochemical demand for oxygen (BDO), chemical demand for oxygen (CDO), chlorides, apparent color, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, Mg, Na, K, Si, total phosphorous, total dissolved solids (TDS), and

32、 turbidity. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli were determined using Colilert kits (IDE</p><p>　　The biomass of macrophyte was determined by gram (dry weight) throughout the experiment (Elias et al.,

33、 2001). Samples were taken to quantify the biomass at T0, T5, T10, T15, and T20. At the time the aquatic macrophytes were taken from reactor 2 (Fig. 1), they were weighed after 5 minutes to allow the drainage of excess w

34、ater (fresh weight). The dry weight of the plants was obtained after 48 hours at 72oC.</p><p>　　Figure 1 - Diagram of the constructed wetland system for the treatment of water from the Corumbataí River

35、. Legend: P1 = Reactor 1; P2 = Reactor 2; P3 = Reactor 3 and P4 = Reactor 4</p><p>　　CONCLUSIONS</p><p>　　The CW system studied here proved to be effective in treating river water, mainly the s

36、ystem composed of the reactor containing aquatic plants with other reactor containing three different sizes of gravel plus soil of cerrado area and peat, achieving maximum efficiency for the most of the parameters studie