單片機外文翻譯----at89c51單片機控制的恒溫水域溫控系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　AT89C51 single-chip temperature-controlled water temperature control system </p><p>　　Early contact thermometers for chemical water temperature thermostat shortcomings, this paper introduces an ap

2、proach based on AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer-based controller, combined with integrated temperature sensor AD590J composed of constant temperature water temperature control system. </p><p>　　Chemical, c

3、hemical experiments and research on water temperature requirements of high performance and accuracy, the current market face chemistry, chemical experiments and study the high price of heated water systems. In this paper

4、, the design of single-chip component AT89C51 from the temperature control system for people with low-cost, high precision, intelligent control, etc.</p><p>　　The water temperature of the performance indicat

5、ors are: Temperature range: 0 ~ 1O0 ℃; temperature range: 0 ~ 99.9 ℃; temperature: 0.4 ℃; heating power: 1000W. </p><p>　　Part of the hardware circuit </p><p>　　AT89C51 selected as the system CP

6、U, it is a low-power, high performance, 4kB flash chip programmable / erasable read-only memory 8-bit microcontroller COMS. </p><p>　　Block diagram of the system AT89C51 single-chip by chip, IO expansion por

7、t 8255 chip, 8032 chip digital-to-analog conversion, analog-to-digital conversion chip 0809, keyboard control, status indication circuit, sampling circuit temperature thermostat control circuit, driver circuit and displa

8、y circuit, such as group into.</p><p>　　1.1 temperature sampling circuit </p><p>　　Temperature sampling circuit using AD590 current-mode temperature-sensitive device of its stability and lineari

9、ty are better. When in AD590 for the current 273.2uA, temperature increase 1℃, the current increase in 1uA. The current is converted to voltage signal by analog-to-digital converter ADC0809, AT89C51 single-chip temperatu

10、re monitoring and conversion. One resistor R measurement using a low temperature coefficient of resistance, temperature coefficient of 10 x l0_6 / ℃. When monitoring the</p><p>　　1.2 thermostat control circu

11、it </p><p>　　Constant temperature control circuit from heating thermostat temperature setting and the composition of the two parts of the circuit. The thermostat circuit settings temperature to provide the w

12、orking conditions of the heating circuit, the circuit set by the keyboard combination of software programming to achieve common. In addition to each button and set the IO port connected to 8255, but also through a door w

13、ith the AT89C51 and T0 timer connected so that when the button is depressed immediatel</p><p>　　1.3 Drive Circuit </p><p>　　When the 8255 high output corresponding IO port, the drive transistor

14、turn-on 9013, so that the relay action, in order to drive the work of the relevant circuit. Significant choice for a show so that the display to choose between the "settings" and "measurement". </p

15、><p>　　1.4 Keyboard control and status indication circuit </p><p>　　With the 8255 connected to the IO port 8 and 9 LED button to complete the common waters of the control thermostat and the instruc

16、tions state. In addition to each button with the 8255 connected to the IO port, but also with AT89C51 it connected the timer so that when the button is depressed immediately after the interruption of AT89C51 applications

17、, and query the status of 8255 in order to carry out the functions of the corresponding control. 1.5 shows the circuit Display circuit using a half the</p><p>　　2 Software design </p><p>　　Skele

18、ton of the software, contains initialization, configuration subroutine, subroutines to deal with temperature, showing subroutine. Completion of system initialization after power-on reset 8255 and software initialization

19、and pre-heated water for the water to wait for work, and open the inlet solenoid valve, when the corresponding button press interrupted when AT89C51, read 8255 the status of the population to determine the function keys

20、in order to call the corresponding subroutine. Subrouti</p><p>　　2.1 The use of Pro / E to establish mold standard parts library Family </p><p>　　Pro/E is part of the family table (or assembly,

21、or the characteristics of) a collection of these parts (or assembly or characteristics) are broadly similar, but in 12 some small differences, for example, fastening screws Hexagon many kinds of specifications, but they

22、seem to be like and to implement the same function, so in the Pro / E in them as a part family is a very useful table in the family the same as a table-driven components parts to be identified. In Pro / E use group table

23、 has the fol</p><p>　　1) simple and compact to create and store a large number of objects.</p><p>　　2) For the generation of standard parts to save a great deal of time and work.</p><

24、p>　　3) parts from a series of documents to generate change, do not have to re-create and generate for each part.</p><p>　　4) In the parts to create tiny changes in the relationship do not have to use to c

25、hange the model.</p><p>　　Table feature allows three-dimensional mold standard parts library and standard library mold the development and use of things become very easy. The following guide to commonly used

26、 as an example to create a lead-chu-chu series of standard parts. First, Pro / E in the completion of the three-dimensional modeling guide column, and the need to change the size parameters defined as symbols. To mark th

27、e size of symbol table for the family members did not indicate the size of the features of a non-ch</p><p>　　2.2 The use of Pro / E to establish the standard mold base library </p><p>　　In the u

28、se of Pro / E to establish the mold standard parts library, in order to further improve the efficiency of die design, quality and standardization, it is necessary to consider the establishment of standard mold base libra

29、ry, the following discussion of how to use Pro / E to establish the standard mold base. The establishment of standard mold base the first thing to consider is the business of processing capacity punching equipment, punch

30、ing equipment to the processing capacity as well as </p><p>　　Taking full account of this, pressing equipment and typical performance parameters under the premise of stamping parts, you can use the same solu

31、tion to create a standard mold base.</p><p>　　3 Conclusion </p><p>　　At present, some colleges and universities as a result of provincial funding in the strained devices, laboratory equipment, m

32、ore backward, in chemistry and chemical engineering laboratories still use a contact thermometer to control water temperature. In order to overcome the factors that a lot of inconvenience to the original based on the old

33、 thermostat has been designed transformation of waters. Proved by the use of the design，to meet the current chemistry, chemical engineering and research ne</p><p>　　AT89C51單片機控制的恒溫水域溫控系統(tǒng)</p><p>

34、　　針對化工早期接點溫度計恒溫水域控溫存在的缺點，本文介紹了一種基于AT89C51單片機為主控制器，結(jié)合AD590J集成溫度傳感器等組成的恒溫水域溫控系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　化學、化工實驗及其研究對恒溫水域的性能及精度要求很高，而目前市場上面對化學、化工實驗及研究的恒溫水域系統(tǒng)價格很高。本文設(shè)計的由AT89C51單片機組成的溫控系統(tǒng)具有成本投人低，精度高、智能控制等優(yōu)點。該恒溫水域的性能指標為：溫控范圍：0～

35、IO0℃；溫度設(shè)定范圍：0～99.9℃；溫差：0．4℃；加熱功率：1000W 。</p><p><b>　　1、硬件電路部分</b></p><p>　　本系統(tǒng)選用AT89C51作為CPU，它是一種低功耗、高性能、片內(nèi)4kB快閃可編程／擦除只讀存儲器的8位COMS微控制器。</p><p>　　該系統(tǒng)框圖由AT89C51單片機芯片、IO口擴展

36、芯片8255、數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換芯片8032、模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換芯片0809、鍵盤控制、狀態(tài)指示電路、溫控采樣電路恒溫控制電路、驅(qū)動電路和顯示電路等組成。</p><p><b>　　溫度采樣電路</b></p><p>　　溫度采樣電路采用了AD590電流型溫度敏感型器件其穩(wěn)定度和線性度均較好。在0~C時AD590的電流為273.2uA，溫度每增加1℃ ，電流增加1uA。該電流轉(zhuǎn)換為電

37、壓信號，通過模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換ADC0809、AT89C51單片機實現(xiàn)溫度的監(jiān)測和轉(zhuǎn)換。其中電阻R采用低溫度系數(shù)計量電阻，溫度系數(shù)為10×l0_6／℃。當被監(jiān)測溫度為lO0℃時在該電阻上產(chǎn)生約18．66V的電壓，當溫度為0℃時在該電阻上產(chǎn)生約13．66V的電壓，即在溫度為0～1O0℃在電阻上產(chǎn)生的壓降差為5v。但當溫度為0℃時解調(diào)電位器使IC2輸出端為OV，當1O0℃時IC2輸出端為5v，在恒溫水域的水槽內(nèi)安裝三只AD590，分別位于水

38、槽上中下各部分，用其監(jiān)測水槽的溫場變化，以便控制攪拌電機工作，保證水槽的溫度均勻。</p><p>　　1．2 恒溫控制電路</p><p>　　恒溫控制電路由溫度設(shè)定和恒溫加熱兩部分電路組成。溫度設(shè)定電路為恒溫加熱電路提供工作條件，由鍵盤設(shè)定電路結(jié)合軟件編程來共同實現(xiàn)。每一個設(shè)定按鍵除與8255的IO 口相連外，還通過一個與門與AT89C51的定時器T0相連，以便當按鍵按下后立即向AT8

39、9C51申請中斷，查詢8255口狀態(tài)，同時進行相應(yīng)的功能控制。其中設(shè)定量是由設(shè)定鍵鍵入并經(jīng)AT89C51、D／A轉(zhuǎn)換的電壓模擬量，測量是AD590的檢測信號經(jīng)過AT89C51、D／A轉(zhuǎn)換提供的模擬量，IC3構(gòu)成比較放大器，IC4構(gòu)成比例放大器，BG1、BG2、T構(gòu)成可控硅導通角控制電路，單結(jié)晶體管振蕩電路的頻率越低，可控硅的導通時間越短加熱功率越小，相反則高。而單結(jié)晶體管的振蕩頻率受比例放大器輸出電壓控制，AT89C51單片機通過溫度設(shè)

40、定值與溫度采樣值比較后的差值，經(jīng)比較放大后產(chǎn)生隨溫度變化的電壓值來調(diào)解可控硅的導通角，從而實現(xiàn)對加熱功率的調(diào)節(jié)，滿足了恒溫水域的恒溫要求。</p><p><b>　　1.3 驅(qū)動電路</b></p><p>　　當8255相應(yīng)IO口輸出高電平時，驅(qū)動三極管9013導通，使繼電器動作，從而驅(qū)動相關(guān)電路工作。顯示選擇用于使顯示器在“設(shè)定值”和“測量值”之間選擇顯示。&

41、lt;/p><p>　　1.4 鍵盤控制和狀態(tài)指示電路</p><p>　　與8255的IO口相連的8個按鍵和9個LED共同完成恒溫水域的控制功能和狀態(tài)指示。其中每個按鍵除與8255的IO口相連外，還通過與AT89C51的定時器喲口相連，以便當按鍵按下后立即AT89C51申請中斷，并查詢8255口狀態(tài)，以便進行相應(yīng)的功能控制。</p><p>　　1.5 顯示電路

42、</p><p>　　顯示電路采用一塊4位半數(shù)字表頭來顯示恒溫水域內(nèi)的測量溫度和設(shè)定溫度值。</p><p><b>　　2、 軟件設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　軟件部分主要包括初始化、設(shè)定子程序、恒溫處理子程序、顯示子程序。初始化完成系統(tǒng)加電后對8255的復(fù)位和軟件的初始化并將恒溫水域預(yù)置為等待進水工作狀態(tài)，打開進水電磁閥，當有鍵按下時A

43、T89C51相應(yīng)中斷，讀取8255的口狀態(tài)，判斷按鍵的功能，以便調(diào)用相應(yīng)的子程序。其中設(shè)定子程序完成溫度的設(shè)定功能。先進行初始化設(shè)定，當選擇設(shè)定鍵并確定加減操作后每按一下設(shè)定鍵軟件就對溫度設(shè)定值進行相應(yīng)的加減計數(shù)操作，并將該值進行存儲和顯示。恒溫處理子程序的作用是將設(shè)定的溫度值進行比較，并將該差值送給可控硅觸發(fā)電路進行加熱恒溫控制。</p><p>　　2.1 利用Pro／E建立模具標準件庫</p>

44、<p>　　Pm／E的族表是零件(或裝配或特征)的集合，這些零件(或裝配或特征)基本上是相似的，但在一兩處有些微小的差別，例如，內(nèi)六角緊固螺釘有許多種規(guī)格，但它們看來是相象的并執(zhí)行同樣的功能，因此在Pro／E中把它們作為零件族是非常有用的，在族表中的零件同樣作為表驅(qū)動零件被識別。在Pro／E中使用族表有以下幾點好處：</p><p>　　1)簡單緊湊地創(chuàng)建和存儲大量對象。</p><

45、;p>　　2)對于標準件的生成節(jié)約了大量的時間和工作。</p><p>　　3)從一個零件文件生成系列變化，不必重新創(chuàng)建和生成每個零件。</p><p>　　4)在零件上創(chuàng)建微小的變化，不必使用關(guān)系去改變模型。</p><p>　　族表功能使三維模具標準件庫及標準模架庫的建立和使用成為很方便的事情。下面以常用的導柱為例來建立導柱系列標準件。首先在Pro／E 中

46、完成導柱的三維造型，并把需要變化的尺寸定義為參數(shù)符號。以符號標注的尺寸為族表成員，未標出的尺寸的特征為非變化的，依附于其它特征而存在。族表實質(zhì)上是由行和列構(gòu)成的展開表，可以使用Pro／TABLE去創(chuàng)建和修改。這里包含了實例和它們適當?shù)闹?，列則被具體項目使用。類屬模型未在族表中被包含的項目在每個實例中會根據(jù)設(shè)計意圖自動生成，族表的另一個優(yōu)點是不論創(chuàng)建一個新表還是修改一個已有的表，都可以向表中添加項目。運用上述方法。各企業(yè)可以根據(jù)模具設(shè)計需

47、要建立自己的三維模具標準件庫。</p><p>　　2.2 利用Pro／E建立標準模架庫</p><p>　　在利用Pro／E建立了模具標準件庫后，為了進一步提高模具設(shè)計效率、質(zhì)量和標準化程度，有必要考慮建立標準模架庫，下面討論如何利用Pro／E建立標準模架庫。建立標準模架庫首先要考慮的是本企業(yè)沖壓設(shè)備的加工能力，以各沖壓設(shè)備的加工能力以及設(shè)備工作臺面為依據(jù)考慮標準模架的形式，實用性和通用

48、性會更高一些。在三維模具標準件庫已經(jīng)建立的前提下，建立標準模架要方便和快捷得多。首先要進入Pro／ASSMBLY 配備模式下工作，與建立零件標準件族類似，具體操作路徑為：ASSMBLY(組件)--Family Tab(族表 add-item(增加項目))-- Component(元件)，然后選擇在裝配中要發(fā)生變化的零件或部件作為裝配族表的項目，而在裝配族中不需要變化的(例如緊固件)則不必選取。在裝配實例中按所約定的裝配關(guān)系自動生成。其它

49、的如彎曲模架、拉伸模架。在充分考慮本沖壓設(shè)備性能參數(shù)和典型沖壓件的前提下，都可以用同樣的解決方案來建立標準模架庫。</p><p><b>　　3、結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　目前，部分省屬高校由于設(shè)備經(jīng)費較緊張、實驗設(shè)備較落后，化學化工實驗室仍使用著接點溫度計控制恒溫水域。為克服其諸多不便因素，在原基礎(chǔ)上對老式恒溫水域進行了設(shè)計改造。經(jīng)使用證明該設(shè)計滿足了目