土木工程外文資料翻譯--淺析我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及對(duì)策

1、<p><b>　　中文5000字</b></p><p><b>　　外文原文</b></p><p>　　Analyses the development trend of engineering project management in our country and the countermeasures</p>

2、<p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　This article analyses briefly present situation and two development tendencies of Chinese project management.And it presents several countermeasures in order

3、that Chinese project management welcome coming of economic globlization and knowledge economic．</p><p>　　Key Words: Project Management, Development Tendency, Countermeasure, Present Situation</p><

4、;p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　The English expressions of Project Management is "Project Management". Architectural engineering field in the UK, however, to "Project Management" should be

5、the correct understanding of "the owner's Project Management". That is to say, the British "Project Management" and "construction supervision" from the nature of our country, working con

6、tent and represent the interests of the who should be equal. The difference is "construction supervision" emphasizes the social institutions on behalf of the</p><p>　　Since China's reform and o

7、pening up, along with our country socialist market economic system gradually improve. Our country's construction enterprises to participate in the international construction market competition is more and more, from

8、several development in 1979 by the hundreds of this year, from the initial pure service contracting, development to the engineering general contracting today. It is obvious that China has become a great nation of buildin

9、gs. At the same time, the construction</p><p>　　Frist, our country the status quo and existing problems of the engineering project management</p><p>　　Modern project management discipline origin

10、ated in the '50 s, the CPM and PERT technology in the United States, in the' 60 s achieve great success in the Apollo program, which is popular all over the world. From the 60 s, the international many developed

11、an interest in project management. There are two big project management system of research, namely: headed by the European system, the international project management association (IPMA), headed by the United States syst

12、em - American project man</p><p>　　The characteristics of engineering project management development in China as an important branch of modern management science, a "project management", introduced

13、 to China in 1982, 1988 in the national pilot application, 1993. Beginning January 1, 2000, our country has a formal implementation of the National People's Congress passed the bidding</p><p>　　The law.

14、The law relating to different aspects of project management for the healthy development of project management in our country provides legal protection. It should be said that more than a decade the achievements of our co

15、untry's project management is significant, but the quality accident, time delays, cost overruns and other issues are still a lot. For example: in 1998, during the floods the burst of jiujiang Yangtze river levee; In

16、April 1999 in chongqing the qijiang count rainbow bridg</p><p>　　Second, the development trend of engineering project management in our country</p><p>　　1. The international trend of the enginee

17、ring project management</p><p>　　With China's further speed up the reform and opening up, China's economy is becoming more and more deeply into the global market, multinational company and multinatio

18、nal projects in our country more and more. Since China's reform and opening up, foreign investment enterprises in our country up to 32 m, the actual use of foreign capital of $357.7 billion in China. Many projects in

19、 China to operate by way of international bidding, consultation or BOT. Chinese enterprises go abroad for overseas inv</p><p>　　2. The process of project management informationization trend</p><p&

20、gt;　　Along with the INTERNET into the thousands, and the coming of knowledge economy era, information has become a inevitable trend of project management. As today's update the fastest computer technology and network

21、 technology in the enterprise operation and management to popularize and apply the surprising speed, and accelerated the development of the situation. This caused a lot of new characteristics for the project management i

22、n today, with rapid expansion of information, project management is m</p><p>　　The third, countermeasures of engineering project management in our country</p><p>　　1. The innovation</p>&

23、lt;p>　　Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, is the inexhaustible driving force for the prosperity of a country, is also an enterprise victory in the competition and keep the advantage of reliable guarant

24、ee. At present, our enterprises management is too extensive, relaxation, lack of scientific management, far can not adapt to the development of the market situation, thus to strengthen enterprise management and innovatio

25、n is particularly urgent and important. The construction enterprise projec</p><p>　　(1), the idea innovation is the motivation</p><p>　　At present, along with the market competition heats up, th

26、e construction enterprise's survival and development by powerful challenge, especially as the tradition of long-term dependence on railway construction enterprise, due to the market development trend, railway, highwa

27、y, water conservancy, city</p><p>　　Administration of engineering construction, the construction cost and the unit price slash, quality not to raise prices, make the enterprise operating costs, profits, or e

28、ven a loss. Therefore, enterprises must adjust strategy, renew the idea, strengthen management.</p><p>　　(2), system innovation is the premise</p><p>　　Construction project management system is

29、an important part of enterprise management mechanism, only the establishment of a scientific and efficient project management system, the project can give enterprise to bring the expected benefits, and develop a steady s

30、tream of market. Scientifically set up the project department, highly efficient, coordinated control, strong implementation project of human resources, technology resource, equipment resource elements such as the optimal

31、 combination, to s</p><p>　　(3), the technical innovation is the source</p><p>　　In today's world, has entered the era of science and technology today. Project management to innovate, insepa

32、rable from the technology innovation. To actively promote the new technology application in the first place. Ten new technology, the ministry of construction to promote domestic construction industry is a master of techn

33、ology innovation, we have been used in many projects. Changji century garden project, in 2003 won the autonomous region quality engineering construction projects in xinjia</p><p>　　(4), the method innovation

34、 is the guarantee</p><p>　　Management innovation is the organic treatment project management and coordinate the construction period, quality, the cost is the key to multiple goals, is the important guarantee

35、 of successful project management.</p><p>　　Schedule control method innovation. As the schedule control, any a project is a complicated system engineering. Therefore, must carefully prepare the construction

36、organization design. Only in this way can determine the various stages of project control points, and from the periodic success to achieve the final success.</p><p>　　Quality management method innovation. Qu

37、ality is the life of the enterprise, the enterprise to obtain the market mainly by quality. Quality control core is to carry out the quality responsibility, should stick to do time again tight program not beyond, task he

38、avy standard not again</p><p>　　Don't relax down, in bad conditions requirements. Through the innovation of the quality control measures and management method, realize the goal of continuously merit and

39、casting the high-quality goods project, to win customer satisfaction, and constantly open up new areas, new markets, and ultimately achieve the goal of market innovation.</p><p>　　The cost control measures t

40、o the innovation. Project is a cost center, cost control is crucial. "Cost" is the core of enterprise management, the vast majority of the cost management activities are all around. Cost management is the manag

41、ement of the whole process and comprehensive, from bidding contracting tasks to project completion inspection, every link every working procedure to predict in advance, carefully accounting and monitoring. Perfect projec

42、t contract management is also a key factor </p><p>　　(5) training, strengthening the management innovation, promote enterprise's core competitiveness</p><p>　　The focus is project manager of

43、 construction of a high-quality professional team, this is our good to solve the most critical problem. Group the present situation of the project manager is at present: quantity many, structural imbalance, quality is un

44、even, the training use disconnect, especially have rich practical experience of excellent project manager is not much, so that when choosing a project manager, and is often compromised. The project manager, he is respons

45、ible for the enterprise legal</p><p>　　2.The sustainable development</p><p>　　From "lu bouguer experience" in the 1980 s to today, the project management in the irreplaceable role to t

46、he development of construction industry. But due to the construction industry on the one hand, building better living space for human being, at the same time produce certain destruction to environment. Due to the constru

47、ction industry, for example, the extensive use of synthetic chemical material, some contain sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, halide materials exposed to the atmosphere, or w</p><p>　　Therefore, in today'

48、;s people increasingly pay attention to environmental issues, sustainable development is more and more become the focus of hot spots, but mainly focus on the hot spot in the sustainable development of land and natural re

49、sources sustainable use of non-renewable resources, focused on the research on the sustainable economic development, neglect of main object of study on sustainable project. How to from the perspective of sustainable deve

50、lopment to promote and develop the organi</p><p>　　Fourth, the epilogue</p><p>　　In short, in the face of the coming 21st century, actively promote the innovation of the construction enterprises

51、 in our country, trying to explore suitable for China's national conditions, the convergence of international management practice new experience and new model of project management, has the very vital significance. I

52、nsist on innovation, the courage to explore, summarize unceasingly, rich rise, engineering project management in our country will create a new experience, new fruitful res</p><p>　　References:</p><

53、;p>　　(1) Ding Shizhao, the architectural engineering project management, construction of China publishing house, 1987</p><p>　　(2) (the) J.D. FeiLeiM, "new project management", Beijing: world bo

54、ok publishing house, 2001</p><p>　　(3) (USA), the dai li, Yang Aihua, Yang lei, Wang Zengdong et al, the project management plan, schedule and control method of system ", Beijing: electronic industry pr

55、ess, 2002</p><p>　　(4)Zhao Tao, Pan Xinpeng, "the whole project management", Beijing: China textile publishing house, 2004</p><p>　　(5) Jiang Chun, the analysis of construction enterpr

56、ise project management ", information science and technology, 2006. (01)</p><p><b>　　外文資料翻譯譯文</b></p><p>　　淺析我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及對(duì)策</p><p><b>　　【摘 要】</b></

57、p><p>　　簡(jiǎn)要分析了我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理的現(xiàn)狀，同時(shí)就工程項(xiàng)目管理發(fā)展的國(guó)際化、信息化兩大趨勢(shì)作了詳細(xì)論述，并提出了面對(duì)WTO，為迎接經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代到來(lái)，中國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理應(yīng)該采取的一些對(duì)策。 </p><p>　　【關(guān)鍵字】： 項(xiàng)目管理 現(xiàn)狀 發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 對(duì)策 </p><p><b>　　前言</b></p>&l

58、t;p>　　項(xiàng)目管理的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)是“Project Management”。然而在英國(guó)建筑工程領(lǐng)域，對(duì)“Project Management”的正確理解應(yīng)是“業(yè)主的項(xiàng)目管理”。這就是說，英國(guó)的“Project Management”與我國(guó)的“建設(shè)監(jiān)理”從性質(zhì)、工作內(nèi)容以及代表誰(shuí)的利益來(lái)看應(yīng)是等同的。所不同的是“建設(shè)監(jiān)理”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)代表業(yè)主的利益進(jìn)行的項(xiàng)目管理，而“Project Management”強(qiáng)調(diào)的是業(yè)主的項(xiàng)目管理。&

59、lt;/p><p>　　改革開放以來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的逐步完善。我國(guó)的建筑施工企業(yè)參與國(guó)際建設(shè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越多，由1979年的幾家發(fā)展到今年的上百家，由最初的單純勞務(wù)承包，發(fā)展到今天工程總承包。無(wú)庸諱言，中國(guó)已成為建筑大國(guó)。同時(shí)，我國(guó)的建筑市場(chǎng)也實(shí)行了“門戶開放”，許多境外建筑承包商進(jìn)入我國(guó)承包工程，從而加劇了國(guó)內(nèi)建筑市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。但從我國(guó)建筑企業(yè)實(shí)際情況看，在工程項(xiàng)目的管理上與國(guó)際慣例尚有較大差距，影響著

60、我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理水平的提高。因此，清楚的了解我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目的現(xiàn)狀以及缺點(diǎn)，改革傳統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目管理模式，加速與國(guó)際慣例接軌，已是建筑企業(yè)的重要課題。 </p><p>　　我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理的現(xiàn)狀以及存在的問題</p><p>　　近代項(xiàng)目管理學(xué)科起源于50年代，在美國(guó)出現(xiàn)了CPM和PERT技術(shù)，60年代在阿波羅登月計(jì)劃中取得巨大成功，由此風(fēng)靡全球。從60年代起，國(guó)際上許多人對(duì)于項(xiàng)目管理產(chǎn)生了濃厚的

61、興趣。目前有兩大項(xiàng)目管理的研究體系，即：以歐洲為首的體系——國(guó)際項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會(huì)（IPMA），以美國(guó)為首的體系——美國(guó)項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會(huì)（PMI）。</p><p>　　我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)作為現(xiàn)代管理科學(xué)的一重要分支學(xué)科“工程項(xiàng)目管理”，１９８２年引進(jìn)到我國(guó)，１９８８年在全國(guó)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用試點(diǎn)，１９９３年正式推廣。2000年1月1日開始，我國(guó)已經(jīng)正式實(shí)施全國(guó)人大通過的《招標(biāo)投標(biāo)法》。這個(gè)法律涉及項(xiàng)目管理的諸多方面，為我國(guó)

62、項(xiàng)目管理的健康發(fā)展提供了法律保障。應(yīng)該說十多年來(lái)我國(guó)的項(xiàng)目管理取得的成績(jī)是顯著的，但目前質(zhì)量事故、工期拖延、費(fèi)用超支等問題仍然不少。例如：1998年特大洪災(zāi)期間決口的九江長(zhǎng)江大堤；1999年4月出現(xiàn)的重慶綦江彩虹橋坍塌；寧波大橋出現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)重事故；北京西客站的質(zhì)量問題等。這一系列的工程事故不僅給國(guó)家和人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)造成了巨大的損失，同時(shí)也造成了不良的社會(huì)影響。究其原因這些事故無(wú)一例外的都是與項(xiàng)目管理有關(guān)，都是由于項(xiàng)目管理不善，管理不規(guī)范所造

63、成的。這表明在項(xiàng)目管理這個(gè)領(lǐng)域我國(guó)與西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比還有相當(dāng)差距，其具體表現(xiàn)在以下幾方面。1.沒有一個(gè)自始至終貫穿項(xiàng)目建設(shè)全過程的企業(yè)性經(jīng)濟(jì)管理組織。2.法律、法規(guī)不健全?！坝蟹ú灰?，執(zhí)法不嚴(yán)”的現(xiàn)象隨處可見，隨時(shí)可聞。有些工程沒有實(shí)行招投標(biāo)制，有些卻采用議標(biāo)或是假招標(biāo)，大搞“人情工程”。3.不重視項(xiàng)目</p><p>　　二， 我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　1.工程項(xiàng)目

64、管理的國(guó)際化趨勢(shì) </p><p>　　隨著我國(guó)改革開放的進(jìn)一步加快，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)日益深刻地融入全球市場(chǎng)，在我國(guó)的跨國(guó)公司和跨國(guó)項(xiàng)目越來(lái)越多。改革開放以來(lái)，外資在我國(guó)投資企業(yè)達(dá)32萬(wàn)家，我國(guó)實(shí)際利用外資達(dá)3577億美元。我國(guó)的許多項(xiàng)目要通過國(guó)際招標(biāo)、咨詢或BOT方式運(yùn)作。我國(guó)企業(yè)走出國(guó)門在海外投資和經(jīng)營(yíng)的項(xiàng)目也在增加。與此同時(shí)，項(xiàng)目管理的國(guó)際化正形成趨勢(shì)和潮流。特別是我國(guó)加入WTO后，國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)國(guó)際化，國(guó)內(nèi)外市場(chǎng)全面融

65、合，外國(guó)企業(yè)必定利用其在資本、技術(shù)、管理、人才、服務(wù)等方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)，擠占我國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)，尤其是工程總承包市場(chǎng)。面對(duì)日益激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，我國(guó)的企業(yè)必須以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向，轉(zhuǎn)換經(jīng)營(yíng)模式，增強(qiáng)應(yīng)變能力，在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中學(xué)會(huì)生存，在拼搏中尋求發(fā)展。另一方面，入世后根據(jù)最惠國(guó)待遇和國(guó)民待遇，我們將獲得更多的機(jī)會(huì)，并能更加容易地進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)。同時(shí)，加入WTO后，在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)上，作為一名成員國(guó)，我國(guó)的企業(yè)可以與其他成員方企業(yè)擁有同等的權(quán)利，并享有同等的關(guān)稅減免，在“貿(mào)易

66、自由化”原則指導(dǎo)下，減少對(duì)外工程承包的審批程序，將有更多的公司從事國(guó)際工程承包，并逐步過渡到自由經(jīng)營(yíng)。為了適應(yīng)這種發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，我們應(yīng)該做到以下幾點(diǎn)：（1）、建立高素質(zhì)項(xiàng)目管理班子，是與國(guó)</p><p>　　2.程項(xiàng)目管理的信息化趨勢(shì) </p><p>　　伴隨著INTERNET走進(jìn)千家萬(wàn)戶，以及知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的到來(lái)，項(xiàng)目管理的信息化已成必然趨勢(shì)。作為當(dāng)今更新最快的電腦技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)在企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)

67、管理中普及應(yīng)用的速度令人吃驚，而且呈現(xiàn)加速發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)。這給項(xiàng)目管理帶來(lái)很多新的特點(diǎn)，在信息高速膨脹的今天，項(xiàng)目管理越來(lái)越依賴于電腦手段，其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)從某種意義上講已成為信息戰(zhàn)。另一方面，作為21世紀(jì)的主導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)——知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)來(lái)臨，與之相應(yīng)的項(xiàng)目管理也將成為一個(gè)熱門前沿領(lǐng)域。這一動(dòng)向提醒我們，項(xiàng)目管理正成為社會(huì)管理和企業(yè)管理現(xiàn)代化的重要內(nèi)容。知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的項(xiàng)目管理是通過知識(shí)共享、運(yùn)用集體智慧提高應(yīng)變能力和創(chuàng)新能力。知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)可以理解為把知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為

68、效益的經(jīng)濟(jì)。這個(gè)過程單靠工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)那樣的重復(fù)、批量的生產(chǎn)是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的，這時(shí)先進(jìn)管理手段——電腦又發(fā)揮了不可替代的作用。由此我們也可以看出無(wú)論網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代還是知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，它們的共同點(diǎn)都是離不開電腦手段。目前西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的一些項(xiàng)目管理公司已經(jīng)在項(xiàng)目管理中運(yùn)用了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，開始實(shí)現(xiàn)了項(xiàng)目管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、虛擬化。另外，許多項(xiàng)目管理公司也開始大量使用項(xiàng)目管理軟件進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目管理，同時(shí)還從事項(xiàng)目管理軟件的開發(fā)研究工作。種種跡象表明21世紀(jì)</p&g

69、t;<p>　　三，我國(guó)工程項(xiàng)目管理的對(duì)策</p><p><b>　　1.創(chuàng)新</b></p><p>　　創(chuàng)新是一個(gè)民族進(jìn)步的靈魂，是一個(gè)國(guó)家興旺發(fā)達(dá)的不竭動(dòng)力，也是一個(gè)企業(yè)贏得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)勝利和保持優(yōu)勢(shì)的可靠保證。目前，我們的企業(yè)管理還過于粗放、松弛、缺乏科學(xué)管理，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)適應(yīng)不了市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)的發(fā)展要求，因而加強(qiáng)和創(chuàng)新企業(yè)管理顯得尤為迫切和重要。施工企業(yè)的項(xiàng)目管理

70、創(chuàng)新包括觀念創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和方法創(chuàng)新。觀念創(chuàng)新是動(dòng)力，制度創(chuàng)新是前提，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是源泉，方法創(chuàng)新是保障。</p><p>　　（1）、觀念創(chuàng)新是動(dòng)力</p><p>　　當(dāng)前，隨著市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)白熱化，施工企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展受到強(qiáng)大的挑戰(zhàn)，特別作為長(zhǎng)期依賴鐵路施工的傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)，由于市場(chǎng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，鐵路、公路、水利、市政等工程建設(shè)，工程造價(jià)和單價(jià)大幅度降低，提質(zhì)不提價(jià)，使得企業(yè)運(yùn)作成本加大，利潤(rùn)

71、所剩無(wú)幾，甚至是虧本經(jīng)營(yíng)。為此，企業(yè)必須適時(shí)調(diào)整戰(zhàn)略，更新觀念，加大管理力度。</p><p>　?。?）、制度創(chuàng)新是前提</p><p>　　項(xiàng)目管理制度是施工企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理機(jī)制的重要組成部分，只有建立了科學(xué)高效的項(xiàng)目管理制度，項(xiàng)目才能給企業(yè)帶來(lái)預(yù)期的效益，并開拓源源不斷的市場(chǎng)?？茖W(xué)合理地設(shè)置項(xiàng)目部，做到人員精干高效，協(xié)調(diào)控制有力，實(shí)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目人力資源、技術(shù)資源、設(shè)備資源等要素的最優(yōu)組合，強(qiáng)化

72、以責(zé)任成本管理為中心的各項(xiàng)管理，是創(chuàng)新工作的難點(diǎn)，其重點(diǎn)是要加強(qiáng)工程項(xiàng)目的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理創(chuàng)新，提高項(xiàng)目管理水平，核心是全面優(yōu)化施工組織設(shè)計(jì)，強(qiáng)化工程項(xiàng)目過程控制，建立科學(xué)的激勵(lì)、約束、監(jiān)督機(jī)制。主要措施是實(shí)施項(xiàng)目動(dòng)態(tài)管理和彈性用工制度，強(qiáng)化質(zhì)量、效益意識(shí)，提高責(zé)任成本管理水平，立足于項(xiàng)目，著力于項(xiàng)目管理，使項(xiàng)目成為企業(yè)利潤(rùn)的重要來(lái)源。</p><p>　?。?）、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是源泉</p><p>

73、　　當(dāng)今的世界，已進(jìn)入科技昌明的時(shí)代。項(xiàng)目管理要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新，離不開技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。首先要積極推廣新技術(shù)應(yīng)用。建設(shè)部推廣的十項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，是國(guó)內(nèi)建筑業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的集大成者，我們?cè)谠S多項(xiàng)目工程中已應(yīng)用推廣。昌吉世紀(jì)花園工程，2003年榮獲自治區(qū)優(yōu)質(zhì)工程新疆建筑工程天山獎(jiǎng)，因在施工中廣泛應(yīng)用新技術(shù)、新材料、新工藝，被建設(shè)部授予“國(guó)家建筑節(jié)能示范工程”和“國(guó)家康居示范工程”。婦保院二期擴(kuò)建工程，應(yīng)用了8項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，被評(píng)為浙江省科技示范工程，該工程繼獲得市優(yōu)、省優(yōu)工

74、程后，已申報(bào)中國(guó)建筑工程“魯班獎(jiǎng)”。其次是項(xiàng)目中開展群眾性的QC攻關(guān)活動(dòng)，是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的又一重要手段，我們?cè)谶@方面常抓不懈，取得顯著成果。到目前為止，已有5項(xiàng)成果獲國(guó)家級(jí)獎(jiǎng)，11項(xiàng)成果獲省級(jí)一、二等獎(jiǎng)，8項(xiàng)成果獲市級(jí)一、二、三等獎(jiǎng)。其三是加快人才培養(yǎng)，為項(xiàng)目技術(shù)創(chuàng)新提供保證。為適應(yīng)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)域不斷發(fā)展和項(xiàng)目科技含量不斷提高的需要，必須加快高新人才的引進(jìn)、培養(yǎng)和使用。以重點(diǎn)工程為舞臺(tái)，加快培養(yǎng)青年人才群體，委派他們擔(dān)任項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理助理、項(xiàng)目工程

75、師等職務(wù)，讓他們?cè)谑┕さ谝痪€掛職鍛煉。</p><p>　　（4）、方法創(chuàng)新是保障</p><p>　　管理方法創(chuàng)新是項(xiàng)目管理有機(jī)處理和協(xié)調(diào)好工期、質(zhì)量、成本多項(xiàng)目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵，是項(xiàng)目管理成敗的重要保證。</p><p>　　進(jìn)度控制手段創(chuàng)新。作為進(jìn)度控制來(lái)說，任何一個(gè)項(xiàng)目都是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程。因此，必須認(rèn)真編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì)。只有這樣才能確定工程項(xiàng)目各個(gè)階段性的控制點(diǎn)

76、，并從階段性的成功取得最后的成功。</p><p>　　質(zhì)量管理方法創(chuàng)新。質(zhì)量是企業(yè)的生命，企業(yè)要獲得市場(chǎng)主要靠質(zhì)量。質(zhì)量控制核心是落實(shí)質(zhì)量責(zé)任，應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持做到時(shí)間再緊程序不超越，任務(wù)再重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不降低，條件再差要求不放松。通過質(zhì)量控制手段和管理方法的創(chuàng)新，實(shí)現(xiàn)不斷創(chuàng)優(yōu)和鑄造精品工程的目標(biāo)，贏得客戶滿意，從而不斷開拓新領(lǐng)域，占領(lǐng)新市場(chǎng)，最終達(dá)到市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)新的目的。</p><p>　　成本控制措施創(chuàng)

77、新。項(xiàng)目是成本中心，成本控制是至關(guān)重要的?！俺杀尽笔瞧髽I(yè)管理的核心問題，絕大多數(shù)管理活動(dòng)都是圍繞成本而展開的。成本管理是全過程、全方位的管理，從投標(biāo)承攬任務(wù)開始到工程竣工驗(yàn)交，每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)每一道工序都要事先預(yù)測(cè)，認(rèn)真核算和監(jiān)控。完善的項(xiàng)目合同管理也是成本控制的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵因素。</p><p>　　(5)、加強(qiáng)管理創(chuàng)新訓(xùn)練，提升企業(yè)核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 </p><p>　　其重點(diǎn)是建設(shè)一支高素質(zhì)的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)

78、理職業(yè)化隊(duì)伍，這是我們當(dāng)前要解決好的最為關(guān)鍵的問題。目前集團(tuán)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理的現(xiàn)狀是：數(shù)量不少，結(jié)構(gòu)失衡，素質(zhì)參差不齊，培訓(xùn)使用脫節(jié)，特別是具有豐富實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的優(yōu)秀項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理不多，以致在選用項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理時(shí)，經(jīng)常是捉襟見肘。項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理，他上對(duì)企業(yè)法人代表負(fù)責(zé)，下對(duì)作業(yè)層負(fù)責(zé)，在企業(yè)法人代表的授權(quán)范圍內(nèi)，對(duì)外與業(yè)主打交道。因此，項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理必須利用企業(yè)法人代表授予的權(quán)力，來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)法人代表委托的責(zé)任。與此同時(shí)，我們各級(jí)組織必須做好以下幾方面的工作：一是重視培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)

79、目經(jīng)理的素質(zhì)和能力；二是把好選拔任用關(guān)。要把那些有本事、靠得住的優(yōu)秀人才，選拔充實(shí)到項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理崗位上來(lái)。選好用好人是項(xiàng)目管理取得成功的決定因素。</p><p><b>　　2.可持續(xù)發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　從20世紀(jì)80年代的“魯布格經(jīng)驗(yàn)”到今天，項(xiàng)目管理對(duì)建筑業(yè)的發(fā)展起到了無(wú)法替代的作用。但是由于建筑業(yè)一方面為人類建筑美好的居住空間，同時(shí)又對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生一定的

80、破壞。例如：由于建筑工業(yè)大量使用合成的化工材料，使得一些含有二氧化硫、二氧化氮、鹵化物的材料暴露在大氣中或與在自然的氧化作用下，釋放出相應(yīng)的氣態(tài)化合物；在施工過程中產(chǎn)生的噪音污染；由于機(jī)械化施工而產(chǎn)生的機(jī)械廢氣；施工過程中產(chǎn)生的大量的固態(tài)建筑垃圾等。</p><p>　　因此，在人們?nèi)找嬷匾暛h(huán)境問題的今天，可持續(xù)發(fā)展越來(lái)越成為人們關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)，然而可持續(xù)發(fā)展關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)主要集中于土地、自然資源等不可再生資源的可持續(xù)利

81、用上，集中于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)研究上，忽視了對(duì)人們行為的主要對(duì)象——項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行可持續(xù)性研究。如何從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的角度來(lái)推廣和發(fā)展項(xiàng)目管理的組織方法和實(shí)施方法，是當(dāng)今項(xiàng)目管理領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)很有意義的話題。工程項(xiàng)目的可持續(xù)發(fā)展管理雖然只是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)非常細(xì)小的分支，但是如果我們能夠“勿以善小而不為”的態(tài)度去認(rèn)真的從事工程項(xiàng)目的管理工作，可持續(xù)發(fā)展在不遠(yuǎn)的將來(lái)一定會(huì)成功。</p><p><b>　　四，結(jié)語(yǔ)<

82、;/b></p><p>　　總之，面對(duì)即將到來(lái)的２１世紀(jì)，積極推進(jìn)我國(guó)建筑施工企業(yè)的創(chuàng)新，努力探索適合中國(guó)國(guó)情、融合國(guó)際管理慣例的工程項(xiàng)目管理的新經(jīng)驗(yàn)和新模式，具有十分重要的意義。堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新，勇于探索，不斷總結(jié)，豐富提高，我國(guó)的工程項(xiàng)目管理一定能夠創(chuàng)造新的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，取得新的豐碩成果。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p&

83、gt;　?。?）丁士昭，《建筑工程項(xiàng)目管理》，中國(guó)建筑工為出版社，1987</p><p>　　（2）（美）J.D.費(fèi)雷姆，《新項(xiàng)目管理》，北京：世界圖書出版社，2001</p><p>　?。?）（美）笠茲納著，楊愛華，楊磊，王增東等譯，《項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃、進(jìn)度和控制的系統(tǒng)方法》，北京：電子工業(yè)出版社，2002</p><p>　?。?）趙濤，潘欣鵬，《項(xiàng)目整體管理》