外文文獻翻譯---造紙機的烘缸

1、<p><b>　　造紙機的烘缸</b></p><p>　　摘要：本篇闡述的是有關(guān)的造紙機的干燥烘缸。烘缸是中空的，烘缸的缸體內(nèi)表面沿長度方向有溝槽。大多數(shù)的集水器沿管道軸向延伸套管。吸水管的設計是從每個集水器到一個總槽對于由此吸入的冷凝水。一個虹吸管被連接到每個集水器收集的冷凝水。虹吸管道是絕緣,以降低內(nèi)部和外部的溫度差異。虹吸管有固定的形狀和間隔以至于虹吸管從凹槽中能盡可能從

2、除掉大量凝結(jié)水，與凹槽附近的虹吸管道相比,剩下的套管長度要達到更均勻套管，為了達到更均勻的干燥性能，烘缸的缸體在寬度方向有網(wǎng)格。例如,虹吸管的吸入管道附近可能有一個更大的直徑或可能會有一個更強的負壓式凝聚力在管道附近地區(qū)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：烘缸，設計，冷凝水，虹吸管</p><p><b>　　1 造紙機的烘缸</b></p><p&g

3、t;　　1.1烘缸的設計背景</p><p>　　本發(fā)明涉及造紙機的烘干裝置或其它類似的過道,更特別地,是指為了在寬度方向達到均勻烘干。烘缸包括一個套管在他的內(nèi)表面有溝槽和在里面提供一個虹吸功能的，烘缸是從凹槽內(nèi)吸取冷凝水的。虹吸管的排列一般包括大量的元素。現(xiàn)在描述，冷凝水的收集在哪個點上的,也就是，在缸體的套管的周邊內(nèi),提供了小型吸吮管道。這些周邊的凹槽的設計，冷凝水的集水器位于套管的里面，套管被連接到許多小

4、的虹吸管用于接收由此產(chǎn)生的凝結(jié)水迷途。冷凝水收集器是連接到虹吸管道，相反的，,一般來說, 大幅度徑向延長套管。相反，導致彎管軸向延伸主要是凝結(jié)水的排水線。</p><p>　　盡管造紙機有許多的改進, 特別是在造紙機的干燥部分, 認為在它的寬度,已經(jīng)有一系列的連續(xù)的問題，紙網(wǎng)是不均勻的潮濕(或不均勻的干燥)。尤其在大的烘缸對于生產(chǎn)定量很輕的縐紙, 在整個烘缸的長度上，干燥的均勻度是決定性的紙的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量。干燥狀況

5、微小的不同都會對紙網(wǎng)的質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生很不利的影響。</p><p>　　在造紙設備上提高生產(chǎn)的紙質(zhì)量和造紙設備的結(jié)合一直是現(xiàn)代研究首要考慮的。紙的剖面烘干的均勻度已經(jīng)被努力反復研究。本研究卻很困難,因為有許多來源的擾動導致紙面的干燥不良。以下可能性應注意，在紙的某個部位出現(xiàn)的水分能被在紙網(wǎng)的部分被拔出，這可能因此而被歸因于造紙機的流漿箱的故障, 例如,從箱體傳送到唇板，在過程中出現(xiàn)問題,在濕部到網(wǎng)部出現(xiàn)問題，堵塞壓力輥

6、的抽吸孔，在噴淋管道出現(xiàn)問題,等等。更近一步說，在熱風罩的操作也可能出現(xiàn)問題的，在一個壓力輥的輥型設計故障可能導致干燥的不均勻。所有這些干擾因素都被進行了研究,至少部分地被消除。徹底消除所有未達到干燥規(guī)定在現(xiàn)在的時間內(nèi)是不可以達到的。</p><p>　　1.2 烘缸的設計概要</p><p>　　本設計的對象是造紙機的烘缸，或者類似物,紙張的剖面的干燥比以前可以早得到的。本設計的進一步的

7、對象從套管地區(qū)除掉大量的冷凝水，其中大量的冷凝水都積聚在這里的。根據(jù)發(fā)明，烘缸的設計是為了適應附近的干燥性能，即虹吸管道，管子從外面徑向延伸到套管里面, 對余下的區(qū)域干燥性能在沿氣缸套管的長度變化。</p><p>　　這項設計是基于以下實現(xiàn)，直到現(xiàn)在,人們一直以為是安排整個虹吸的，用所有的零件，從單獨的凹槽均勻去除凝結(jié)水,，所提供的幾何條件是在相同的管槽中放置小的虹吸管。內(nèi)部空間排列滾筒和虹吸管的安排之間交換的

8、熱量也被考慮進去。但是它們已經(jīng)建立有相關(guān)的熱量是非常少量的。測量相反的總消費量的加熱干燥。更近一步說，它一直是假定這個交換的熱量被均勻地分布在烘缸的長度, 自從凝結(jié)水收集延長至整個烘缸的長度。</p><p>　　然而，設計者意識到虹吸管道, 哪個有相對較大的直徑、就在他的表面有一個特別高的程度。這可能是由于這樣的事實,即由于內(nèi)部和外部壓力不同時,那里有一個溫度升高的凝結(jié)蒸汽，他被壓積在單獨虹吸管道的外部表面。在

9、虹吸管道內(nèi)增加的冷凝水通過那些外圍套管內(nèi)凹槽, 位于大型虹吸管道的附近。結(jié)果，在少數(shù)凹槽附近的冷凝水水平也是相對很高的。這就說明了在缺乏干燥性能在這一地區(qū)對氣缸,這說明了烘缸的這一區(qū)域干燥性能很差，所以,在這一點上,紙網(wǎng)仍然是很潮濕的。這是表現(xiàn)為“濕條紋”的紙網(wǎng)。對于提高烘干性能，同時虹吸管道達到的標準水平，有無數(shù)的可能性為實現(xiàn)這些措施,。這些可能包括彎管、絕緣管他們連接集水管的凝結(jié)水主軸引流線或空心軸上,個別的，交換的熱量進入到虹吸管

10、道得內(nèi)部，以減少大量的冷凝水發(fā)生以某種形式的滲出到虹吸管道的外表面。這些冷凝水的數(shù)量與傳熱管壁的系數(shù)是成正比的。對于相對少的經(jīng)費不足, 當虹吸管道是未保溫的時候，虹吸管道的傳熱系數(shù)的效率可以從10%減少到1%的水平。隨著無關(guān)緊要的技術(shù)，以至于冷凝水沉積的質(zhì)量被降低。</p><p>　　如果進一步的措施是用來保證在不受控制的時候，沒有冷凝蒸汽泄露出來,在剩余的缸體部分，確保足夠的均勻性和流行的缸體長度。也許同樣的

11、均勻度的烘干紙張的紙網(wǎng)獲得超過它的寬度，那樣就會得到一個內(nèi)壁光滑的缸體，(一個光滑的壁筒比一個溝槽壁筒干燥能力低,)。具有較高干燥能力的溝槽烘缸能被充分利用，從而提高紙張的質(zhì)量,只有在干燥后已經(jīng)達到。根據(jù)該發(fā)明的另一個特色，虹吸管在他們的外表面提供絕緣，在各個絕緣管之間，他們沿軸向尺寸的缸體套管和軸向排水線。這是應急的方法，在管子的內(nèi)部有隔熱層, 由于具有較高的流動速度，所以將會有一個危險的侵蝕。</p><p>

12、;　　根據(jù)發(fā)明的進一步的特征, 形成的絕緣層覆蓋著高分子聚合物材料, 如橡膠, 尼龍或聚四氟乙烯(商標), 管或接合形式的羊毛。對管道由于用了特殊的裝置在兩頭，管可壓和密封。根據(jù)另一優(yōu)選的, 整個絕緣覆蓋在每個虹吸管道被支撐套管支撐，是由更好的金屬組成。這套管可能穿墻或穿孔，或者它可以被做成圓形的或扁平的材料。為進一步體現(xiàn)發(fā)明，虹吸管被作為雙層，用來定義一個環(huán)形絕緣的空間, 這是作為密封的嚴密性應盡可能從外部到內(nèi)部。絕緣空間最好是只包含

13、氣體, 盡管它可能也包含流體的物質(zhì),比如油或粉狀或纖維隔熱材料。</p><p>　　如上所述, 干擾因素要為在紙網(wǎng)上出現(xiàn)很多的“潮濕的條紋”負責。然而，認為在寬度方向的紙網(wǎng), 干擾因素很難本地化。盡管“潮濕的條紋”在寬度方向有特殊的位置，它不能確定擾動因素來自哪里，從而導致“低干燥”。比如,兩個擾動因素可能同時為“潮濕的條紋”負責。它將因此被欣賞這對于發(fā)明家是多么難的，進一步指出了的干擾因子使冷凝水在虹吸管過度

14、形成。其他設計的對象和特征參照和伴隨著圖片被解釋。</p><p><b>　　2圖紙的簡短描述</b></p><p>　　圖2-1顯示的是一個內(nèi)部溝槽烘缸的縱切面, 這是一個新的發(fā)明的提供;</p><p>　　圖2-1 內(nèi)部溝槽烘缸的縱切面</p><p>　　圖2-2 烘缸的虹吸管</p><

15、p>　　圖2-3和圖2-4是烘缸的零件的視圖，具體顯示另外兩個的設計。</p><p>　　圖2-3 烘缸的虹吸管</p><p>　　圖2-4 烘缸的虹吸管</p><p>　　圖2-1顯示一個烘缸套管1, 這是由兩個相對Z形端帽支持在空心軸3。接近但間隔缸壁1, 有一組的凝結(jié)管4, 以封閉管狀的形式的導管，這是穿上間距在內(nèi)側(cè)的關(guān)系,既延伸長度的軸向的缸體的

16、套管1。</p><p>　　在圖2, 體現(xiàn)了所有的缸壁周邊的凹槽和凹槽中的小型虹吸管中可以被看出。在圖2-2中,有多個環(huán)形槽5所定義的外圍筒內(nèi)套管內(nèi)壁1，小虹吸管道6被插入到一些周邊的凹槽5。冷凝水收集器4在圖2-2被展示了出來，它有許多的虹吸試管6間隔分開的人吸入管蘸進僅僅5周向槽的每一秒。冷凝水收集器的另一個虹吸試管在圖2-2中不能看見的，例如下一個相鄰的集水器4,被排列以至于浸在……里另外的圓周的凹槽里。

17、冷凝水以這種方式被均勻從所有圓周凹槽中排除。</p><p>　　在圖2-1中，箭頭D表明蒸汽流入烘缸的方向，箭頭K表明冷凝水離開的方向。管道6吸走冷凝水，并把它傳送給各自的冷凝水收集器4,從冷凝水收集器4，冷凝水經(jīng)過各自虹吸管道7內(nèi)部徑向的定向到達中央的位置, 凝結(jié)水引流線8軸向延伸。每個虹吸管道7通過各自的冷凝水收集器4和管道7是縱向的可動的，在套筒12和一個密封圈13這兩部分之間被夾緊。根據(jù)圖2-1可以體現(xiàn)

18、出,虹吸管7的外面有熱絕緣9. 這樣,。在管道7的內(nèi)部和外部就不會有一個由冷凝水引起的溫度差。</p><p>　　在圖2-2中可以體現(xiàn)出，虹吸管7管道10所封閉，在管道7和管道10之間，有一個絕緣空間11被填滿的。例如,一種氣體。為了以上的各種原因，安裝這種絕緣的管道7。</p><p>　　在所有的圖中，圖2-1、2-2和2-4，所有虹吸管6都有相同的直徑。參照圖2-3, 除了或者相反

19、的絕緣9(或10、11),虹吸管6比起其他的虹吸管6在虹吸管7的區(qū)域有一個更大的直徑。隨著越來越多的凝結(jié)水在虹吸管道7的附近產(chǎn)生, 更多的冷凝水也會被排除離開凹槽5附近的虹吸管道6,以至于同樣的水平的冷凝水現(xiàn)在都在凹槽5。</p><p>　　從圖2-4可以體現(xiàn)出同樣的效果, 這兒的虹吸管有相同的直徑。但是,一定數(shù)量的虹吸管6在附近的虹吸管道7比沿其余的烘缸的套管1長度長, 由此更大數(shù)量的凝結(jié)水將會從凹槽5附近的

20、虹吸管道排除。</p><p>　　雖然本發(fā)明被認為與更好的有關(guān)，許多變化和修改現(xiàn)在將變得明顯, 因此它是首選。本發(fā)明是有限的,而不是特定的信息披露,而是通過附加條款。</p><p>　　Drying Cylinder Ｆor Ｐaper Ｍaking Ｍachine</p><p>　　ABATRACT:The disclosure concerns a dry

21、ing cylinder for a paper making machine. The drying cylinder is hollow and is circumferentially grooved along the length of its inner surface. A plurality of collector conduits extend axially along the casing. Suction pi

22、pes project from each collector into respective ones of the grooves for sucking condensate therefrom. A siphon pipe is connected to each collector for siphoning off the collected condensate. The siphon pipe is insulated

23、to reduce the temperat</p><p>　　KEYWORDS:drying cylinder,design, condensate , siphon pipe</p><p>　　DRYING CYLINDER FOR PAPER MAKING MACHINE</p><p>　　1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION&

24、lt;/p><p>　　The invention relates to a drying cylinder for a paper making machine, or the like, and more particularly to means for attaining uniform drying across the width of the web being dried.The cylinder i

25、ncludes a casing which is grooved on its inner surface and includes a siphoning arrangement provided inside the cylinder for extracting condensate from the grooves in the casing.</p><p>　　The siphoning arran

26、gement generally includes a number of elements, now described. At the points at which the condensation gathers, namely, at the peripheral grooves in the cylinder casing, small suction pipes are provided. These project in

27、to the peripheral grooves. Axially extending condensate collectors located inside the casing are connected to the many small suction pipes for receiving the condensate therefrom. The condensate collectors are, in turn, c

28、onnected to siphon pipes which generally </p><p>　　Despite numerous improvements in paper making machines, and in particular in the drying sections of the paper making machines, there has been a continuous p

29、roblem that, viewed across its w idth, the paper web is unevenly damp (or unevenly dry). Particularly with large drying cylinders for producing lightweight crepe paper, the evenness of the drying over the whole length of

30、 the cylinder is decisive for the quality and quantity of the paper. Relatively small variations in the drying condition of </p><p>　　SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION</p><p>　　An object of this inventio

31、n is to provide a drying cylinder for paper making machines, or the like, for producing in the paper web a more even drying profile than was previously obtainable.</p><p>　　A further object of the invention

32、is to remove a greater amount of condensate from the region in the casing wherein the greater amount of condensate is likely to gather.</p><p>　　According to the invention, the drying cylinder is designed to

33、 adapt the drying performance in the vicinity of the siphon pipes, i.e., the pipes which extend radially from the outside of the casing inwardly, to the drying performance in the remaining area along the length of the cy

34、linder casing.</p><p>　　The invention is based on the following realization.Until now, it has been supposed that the entire siphoning arrangement, with all its parts, uniformly removes the condensate from th

35、e individual grooves, provided that the geometric conditions are the same for all the small suction pipes in the grooves. The exchange of heat between the inner space in the cylinder and the siphoning arrangement has als

36、o been taken into account, but it has been established that very small amounts of heat are involv</p><p>　　However, the inventor realized that siphon pipes ,which have relatively large diameters, "swear

37、' to a particularly high degree on their external surfaces. This may be attributed to the fact that, as a result of the pressure difference between the insides and the outsides，of the siphon nines, there is an increa

38、sed temperature condensate of the vapor being deposited on the external surfaces of the individual siphon pipes. The increased condensate on the siphon pipes passes into those peripheral gr</p><p>　　There ar

39、e numerous possibilities for realizing the measures for raising the drying performance at the localion of the siphon pipes to a standard level. One of these possibilities comprises insulating the siphon pipes, which

40、 connect the collectors to the axial main condensate drainage line or to a hollow shaft, respectively,from the exchange of heat from the outside of the siphon pipes inwards, to thereby reduce the amount of condensation o

41、ccurring in the form of sweating on the external sur</p><p>　　If further measures are used to ensure that no vapor condenses out in an uncontrolled manner in the remaining area of the cylinder, and to ensure

42、 that sufficient uniformity prevails over the length of the cylinder, then the same evenness of drying of the paper web is obtained over its width as would be obtained with a cylinder having a smooth internal wall. (A sm

43、ooth wall cylinder has a lower drying capacity than a grooved wall cylinder). The higher drying capacity of the grooved cylinder can </p><p>　　According to another feature of the invention, the siphon pipe

44、s are provided with insulating coverings on their external surfaces between the collectors, which extend along the axial dimension of the cylinder casing, and the axial drainage line. This is expedient since, with an ins

45、ulating layer inside the pipe, there would be a risk of erosion of the laver due to the high flow speeds.</p><p>　　According to a further feature of the invention, the insulating covering is formed of a high

46、-polymer material, such as rubber, polyamide or Teflon (trademark), in the form of tubes or glued-on fleece. The tube can be pressed and sealed against the pipe by using special devices at its two ends.</p><p&

47、gt;　　According to another preferred embodiment,the entire insulating covering on each siphon pipe is supported externally by a supporting casing which is preferabley comprised of metal. This casing may wall or be perfora

48、ted, or it may be made as round or flat material.</p><p>　　As a further embodiment of the invention, the siphon pipes are double-walled for defining an annular insulating space, which is sealed as hermetical

49、ly as possible from the outside and from the inside. The insulating space preferably contains only gas, although it may also contain fluid substances such as oil or powdered or fibrous insulating material。</p><

50、;p>　　As mentioned above, the disturbance factors which are responsible for the occurrence of "damp stripes" in the paper web are numerous. Moreover, viewed across the width of the paper web, the disturbance

51、factors are hard to localize. Although the "damp stripes" have specific positions across the width of the iveb, it cannot be determined from this which disturbance factors are causing the "under-drying&quo

52、t;. For example, two disturbance factors may be responsible- for the same "damp stripe". It will t</p><p>　　Other objects and features of the invention will now be explained with reference to the a

53、ccompanying drawing.</p><p>　　2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS</p><p>　　FIG. 1 shows an internally grooved drying cylinder in longitudinal section, which is provided with a first embodiment o

54、f the invention;</p><p>　　Fig2-1 an internally grooved drying cylinder in longitudinal section</p><p>　　Fig2-2 the siphon pipe of drying cylinder</p><p>　　FIG. 3 and 4 are fragmenta

55、ry views of drying cylinders showing two other embodiments of the invention.</p><p>　　Fig2-3 the siphon pipe of drying cylinder</p><p>　　Fig2-4 the siphon pipe of drying cylinder</p><

56、p>　　FIG. 1 shows a cylinder casing 1, which is supported by two opposite end caps Z on a hollow shaft 3. Near to but spaced from the cylinder wall 1, there are a plurality of condensate collectors 4, in the form of cl

57、osed tubular conduits, which are arrayed in spaced relationship annularly around the inside of and which extend axially over the length of the cylinder casing 1.</p><p>　　In FIG. 2, the peripheral grooves in

58、 the cylinder wall of all of the embodiments and the small suction pipes projecting into the grooves can be seen. In FIG. 2, there are a plurality of annular peripheral grooves 5 defined in the interior wall in the cylin

59、der casing 1. Small suclion pipes 6 are inserted in some of the peripheral grooves 5.</p><p>　　The condensate collector 4 shown in FIG. 2 has a number 'of suction tubes 6 that are spaced apart such that

60、one suction tube dips into only every second circumferential groove 5. The suction tubes of another condensate collector, not visible in FIG. 2, such as the next adjacent collector 4, are so arranged that they dip into t

61、he other circumferential grooves. In this way condensate is removed uniformly from all circumferential grooves.</p><p>　　In FIG. 1, the arrows D indicate the vapor flowing into the cylinder and the arrow K i

62、ndicates the condensate leaving the cylinder.The pipes 6 suck away the condensate and deliver it to the respective condensate collectors 4. From the collectors 4, the condensate passes through the respective radially inw

63、ardly directed siphon pipes 7 to the centrally located, axially extending condensate drainage line 8. Each siphon pipe 7 is passed into the respective collector 4 and the pipe 7 is longitudinall</p><p>　　Acc

64、ording to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the siphon pipes 7 have heat insulation 9 on their outer faces. In this way, there will not be a temperature differential between the inside and the outside of the pipe 7 that will cau

65、se condensation.</p><p>　　In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the siphon pipe 7 is enclosed by a second pipe 10. Between the two pipes 7 and 10, there is an insulating space 11 which can be filled, for example, wit

66、h a gas. This insulates the pipe 7 for the above stated reasons.</p><p>　　In FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, all suction pipes 6 have the same diameter. Referring to FIG. 3, in addition to or instead of the insulation 9 (

67、or 10, 11), the suction pipes 6a present in the region of the siphon pipe 7 can have a larger diameter than the other suction pipes 6. As more condensate is generated near the siphon pipe 7, more condensate will also be

68、drawn out of the grooves 5 near the siphon pipe 6 so that the same level of condensate is present'in all grooves 5.</p><p>　　The same effect can be obtained with the embodiment of FIG. 4. Here the suctio

69、n pipes have the same diameters. But, the number of suction pipes 6 in the vicinity of the siphon pipe 7 is greater than along the rest of the length of the cylindrical casing 1, whereby a greater quantity of condensate

70、will be drawn out of the grooves 5 in the vicinity of the siphon pipe.</p><p>　　Although the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof, many variations and mod