外文翻譯---電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型的設(shè)計(jì)

1、<p><b>　　附錄1 文獻(xiàn)翻譯</b></p><p>　　A Design of Elevator Positioning Control System Model</p><p>　　Zhang Yajun, Chen Long, Fan Lingyan</p><p>　　School of Electronics &am

2、p; Information，Hangzhou Dianzi University</p><p>　　Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018</p><p>　　The People’s Republic of China</p><p>　　zyj16888@163.com</p><p><b>　　ABSTRC

3、T</b></p><p>　　This paper presents a design of elevator positioning control system model based on the ATmega128 microcontroller. The model mainly includes MCU control module, stepper motor drive module

4、, infrared detection module, LCD display module and keys module. The elevator’s running path is set by keys; the elevator’s running location is detected by the infrared binate tubes. Stepper motor is the executive compon

5、ent. MCU controls the speed and direction of the stepper motor by inputting pulse signals to i</p><p>　　Key Words: ATmega128 microcontroller, stepper motor, drive chip L298, infrared detection circuit.</p

6、><p>　　1. INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　A four-floor elevator system module is designed in this paper. The object of elevator system module is shown in figure 1. The size of the model and the distance betw

7、een the layers are shown in the figure. The system model provides an intuitional and thorough description for the construction and action principle of elevator, and gives a platform for the further research of the new el

8、evator control technologies. It has a certain reference in relevant professional experiments teaching. It can be ch</p><p>　　2. SYSTEM STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE</p><p>　　The basic structur

9、e diagram of the elevator positioning control system model is shown in Figure 2. The model includes MCU control module, stepper motor drive module, infrared detection module, LCD module and keys module. The elevator’s ru

10、nning path is set up by keys; the real-time information of the elevator’s location is detected by infrared detection circuits and is fed back to the MCU. The speed and direction of the stepper motor are controlled by MCU

11、 inputting timing pulse signals to its dri</p><p>　　3. SYSTEM HARDWARE DESIGN</p><p>　　3.1 Stepper motor drive module design</p><p>　　Stepper motor drive circuit is shown in Figure

12、3. L298 integrated chip’s input ports connect with the system MCU I/O ports and its output ports connect with the signal input ports of two-phase four wires stepper motor. MCU I/O ports output certain timing pulse signal

13、s to drive chip to control its outputs, which makes the stepper motor rotate positively or reversely. Stepper motor rotational speed is directly proportional to the frequency of input pulse, which means the higher freque

14、ncy of the in</p><p>　　The internal circuits of L298 chip are H-bridge driver circuits, as shown in Figure 4. VD1, VD2, VD3, VD4 are continued flow diodes for protecting the drive circuit. When Q1, Q4 binate

15、 tubes in the H-bridge circuit turn from on to off, the current can’t change immediately and flows as original direction, VD2, VD3 provide loop circuit at this time. When Q1, Q4 disconnect the current forms a continued f

16、low loop as follows: GND→ VD3 →stepper motor → VD2 →VCC. Similarly, VD1, VD4 provide flow loop w</p><p>　　3.2 Infrared detection module design</p><p>　　The infrared detection circuit is composed

17、 of infrared emitting and receiving tubes and comparator as shown in figure 5. The infrared emitting tubes are installed at the point of O, A, B, C. The infrared receiving tubes are installed at the point of O`, A`, B`,

18、C`. When the infrared receiving tube receives infrared signals, its resistance is quite small; the voltage at point A is about 4V. When the infrared receiving tube doesn’t receive infrared signals, its resistance is very

19、 large, at this ti</p><p>　　3.3 MCU control module and key module design</p><p>　　Figure 6 MCU control module and keys module circuits MCU control module and keys module circuit is shown in Figu

20、re 6. Keys are defined as follows: key P1.3 is a start key and the elevator start to rotate when key P1.3 is pressed. When the elevator is rotating, it will enter to state of emergency (elevator stops at last point along

21、 the moving direction) if we press key P1.3. P1.4, P1.5, P1.6, P1.7 are keys for O floor, A floor, B floor, C floor individually. Key P3.0 is a shift key and the modifi</p><p>　　3.4 Display module design<

22、/p><p>　　LCD1602 display module are adopted and used to display model running status. The information displayed mainly includes the elevator’s current location, operation order, operation time, running status (

23、UP, DOWN, STOP) and so on.</p><p>　　4. SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN</p><p>　　The basic idea of the program design is as follows: Firstly, the operation of pressing keys can set the running path of the

24、 elevator model. Secondly, infrared binate tubes carry out the real-time detection of the elevator’s location after the elevator starts. Thirdly, MCU scans the infrared circuit I/O port’s real-time detection results. The

25、 detection result is low-level when the elevator reaches the target floor. Meanwhile, the elevator stops and the array of indicators move back a bit. The ele</p><p>　　5. CONCLUSION</p><p>　　We c

26、hoose ATmega128 microcontroller as the core control component and stepper motor as the implementation component, use L298 integrated chip to drive stepper motor and infrared binate tubes to detect the location of the ele

27、vator and acquire real-time information to achieve a position control system model for teaching. This model has the characteristics are as follows: </p><p>　　(1) The operation order of elevator can be preset

28、 and the real-time information of the elevator’s running order and running time can be displayed by LCD. The running order and running time can be modified by pressing certain keys. The system can enter into the emergenc

29、y situation by pressing certain keys. The elevator is smooth and uniform during the course of acceleration and deceleration.</p><p>　　(2)Integrated L298 driver chip which used in the motor driver circuit is

30、simple, high integrated, convenient to control.</p><p>　　(3)The design of infrared binate tubes detection circuit makes elevator accurate positioning. Information displayed by LCD is rich and the display int

31、erface is user-friendly. The experiment shows that the system model has the characteristics of stability and high reliability. It can be used in teaching relevant professional course and designing practical elevator cont

32、rol software.</p><p>　　6. REFERENCES</p><p>　　[1]CHEN Ji-Wen, FAN Wen-Li, LI Yan-Feng, YU Fu-Sheng,“ Research on the Elevator Control Simulation System, ”Development & Innovation of Machiner

33、y & Electrical Products,pp.96-100, Jan, 2008, 21(1).</p><p>　　[2]CAO Ai-guo, MAO Mei-jiao, “The Research of the PLCbased Five-floor Elevator Model Monitor System,” Modern Machinery, pp.86-87, 2007(2).<

34、;/p><p>　　[3]Qiu Yaner, “Application of PLC in Elevator Teaching Model,” Mechanical Management and Development, pp.53-54, Dec.2007(6),</p><p>　　[4]LI Zhong-hua, TAN Hong-zhou, ZHANG Yunong, “Resear

35、ch on Fast Simulation of Elevator System for Complex Building,” Journal of System Simulation, pp.4561- 4569, Oct..2007, 19(19).</p><p>　　[5]ZHANG Xian-miao, LIU Xin-wei, JIN Tian-jun, LV Zhengyu, “High relia

36、ble communication system of the elevator,” Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Magazine, pp.4-6, Oct. 2007, 24(10).</p><p>　　[6]SUN Yaning, “ Design and Implementation of Elevator Model,” Low Voltage App

37、aratus, pp.12-15,2007(16).</p><p>　　[7]ZHAO Yong-mei, YU Bing, FENG Fei, “ Elevator Model Control System Based on S7-200,” Jiangsu Machine Building & Automation, pp.93-95, Dec 2004.</p><p>　

38、　[8] Sun Houhuan, Bai Chongzhe, “The Elevator Control System Based on the Pulse Count of PLC,” Electric Drive, pp.36-39, 2003(1).</p><p>　　電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型的設(shè)計(jì)</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p>

39、<p>　　本文提出了一種基于ATmega128單片機(jī)的電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型的設(shè)計(jì)方法。該模型主要包括單片機(jī)控制模塊，步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動模塊，紅外檢測模塊，液晶顯示器顯示模塊和按鍵模塊。電梯的運(yùn)行路徑是由按鍵確定的，電梯的運(yùn)行位置是由紅外三極管檢測到的，步進(jìn)電機(jī)是執(zhí)行元件。單片機(jī)通過輸出脈沖信號到驅(qū)動器芯片L298來控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度和方向。液晶顯示器顯示電梯運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的實(shí)時信息。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵

40、詞：ATmega128單片機(jī)，步進(jìn)電機(jī)， 驅(qū)動器芯片L298，紅外檢測電路。</p><p><b>　　1 引言</b></p><p>　　本文設(shè)計(jì)了四層電梯系統(tǒng)模塊。電梯系統(tǒng)模塊的示意圖如圖1所示。模型每層之間的距離如圖中數(shù)字所示。系統(tǒng)模型為電梯的結(jié)構(gòu)以及運(yùn)行原理提供了一個直觀和全面的描述，并為進(jìn)一步研究新的電梯控制技術(shù)提供平臺。在專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)方面它具有一定的參

41、考價(jià)值。當(dāng)大學(xué)教師教授步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動和控制時，它可以作為一個教學(xué)模型。此外，該模型對研究與發(fā)展高層電梯控制軟件也具有一定的價(jià)值。</p><p>　　2 系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理</p><p>　　電梯定位控制系統(tǒng)模型基本結(jié)構(gòu)框圖如圖2所示。該模型包括單片機(jī)控制模塊，步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動模塊，紅外探測模塊，液晶顯示模塊和按鍵模塊。電梯的運(yùn)行路徑是由設(shè)立鍵確定的，電梯位置的實(shí)時信息是由紅外探測電路把信息

42、反饋到微控制器檢測的。步進(jìn)電機(jī)的速度和方向是由單片機(jī)輸出脈沖信號到驅(qū)動器芯片L298（內(nèi)部電路的H橋驅(qū)動電路）來進(jìn)行控制的。當(dāng)由按鍵輸入停止信息時，電梯停運(yùn)，此時，由紅外探測電路測得的當(dāng)前位置的反饋信號就是電梯的實(shí)時運(yùn)行狀態(tài)，此狀態(tài)將通過LCD1602顯示出來。</p><p><b>　　3 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　3.1 步進(jìn)電機(jī)駕駛模塊設(shè)計(jì)&l

43、t;/p><p>　　步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動電路如圖3所示。L298 集成芯片的輸入端口連接系統(tǒng)微控制器I/O端口，輸出端口連接兩相四線步進(jìn)電機(jī)的信號輸入端口。單片機(jī)I/O端口輸出一定的脈沖信號到驅(qū)動器芯片以控制其輸出，從而使步進(jìn)電機(jī)正向或反向旋轉(zhuǎn)。步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速與輸入脈沖頻率成正比，這意味著脈沖的輸入頻率越高，步進(jìn)電機(jī)的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度越快，反之亦然。</p><p>　　L298芯片的內(nèi)部電路是H橋式驅(qū)動器電

44、路，如圖4所示。VD1 ，VD2 ，VD3 ，VD4是用以保護(hù)驅(qū)動電路的續(xù)流二極管。當(dāng)Q1，Q4三極管H橋電路由開變?yōu)殛P(guān)閉，電流不能迅速改變， 繼續(xù)按原始方向流動，VD2 ，VD3此時提供回路電流。當(dāng)Q1，Q4斷開，形成續(xù)流回路如下：接地→VD3→步進(jìn)電機(jī)→VD2→虛擬通道連接。同樣，當(dāng)Q2，Q3由開變?yōu)殛P(guān)閉，VD1，VD4提供回路電流，續(xù)流回路如下：接地→VD4→步進(jìn)電機(jī)→VD1→虛擬通道連接。D1和D6 ，D2和D5， D3和D8

45、，D4和D7是續(xù)流驅(qū)動電路中的二極管。</p><p>　　3.2 紅外檢測模塊設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　紅外檢測電路由紅外發(fā)射與接收管組成，如圖5所示。紅外發(fā)光管安裝在O，A，B，C點(diǎn)。紅外接收管安裝在O`，A`，B`，C點(diǎn)。當(dāng)紅外接收管接收紅外線信號，其電阻相當(dāng)小，在A點(diǎn)電壓約為4V的。當(dāng)紅外接收管不接收紅外線信號，其電阻很大，這時A點(diǎn)電壓約為0.8V。在B點(diǎn)的參考電壓大約是1.5V（

46、由調(diào)整10K 電位器來實(shí)現(xiàn)），比較器輸出端口連接10K上拉電阻。當(dāng)A點(diǎn)電壓高于B點(diǎn)，LM339輸出高電平信號至單片機(jī)I / O端口。否則，LM339輸出低電平信號至單片機(jī)I / O端口。單片機(jī)通過模型中的鍵盤輸入信號與比較器輸出的點(diǎn)評信號實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的準(zhǔn)確定位。</p><p>　　3.3 單片機(jī)控制模塊和鍵模塊設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　單片機(jī)控制模塊和按鍵模塊電路如圖6所示。鍵的定義如下：鍵

47、P1.3是啟動鍵，當(dāng)鍵P1.3 按下，電梯開始轉(zhuǎn)動 。當(dāng)電梯轉(zhuǎn)動時，它會進(jìn)入緊急狀態(tài)（電梯停在沿移動方向最后一點(diǎn)），如果按鍵P1.3，P1.4，P1.5，P1.6，P1.7，電梯將去O層，A層，B層，C層。鍵P3.0是轉(zhuǎn)換鍵，可被修改的項(xiàng)目開始閃爍，當(dāng)按下P3.1時閃爍信息可以被修訂。鍵P3.2是輸入鍵。當(dāng)按下鍵P3.2后，修改項(xiàng)目停止閃爍，修正結(jié)束，電梯根據(jù)修正后的信息運(yùn)行。我們可以通過設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)軟件做出更靈活的鍵的定義，以實(shí)現(xiàn)更多的功

48、能。</p><p>　　3.4 顯示模塊設(shè)計(jì)</p><p>　　LCD1602顯示模塊用于顯示模型的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)。顯示的信息主要包括電梯的當(dāng)前位置，運(yùn)行秩序，運(yùn)行時間，運(yùn)行狀態(tài)（上，下，停）等等。</p><p><b>　　4 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　程序設(shè)計(jì)的基本思想如下：首先，操作按鍵對電梯的運(yùn)行

49、路徑進(jìn)行設(shè)置。其次，電梯啟動之后，紅外三極管進(jìn)行實(shí)時檢測，確定電梯的位置。第三，單片機(jī)掃描紅外電路I / O端口的實(shí)時檢測結(jié)果。電梯到達(dá)目標(biāo)地后，檢測結(jié)果是低電平。同時，電梯停止并且指針減一。如果當(dāng)前位置與下一層位置（指針指標(biāo)位置）并不一致時，電梯將重新啟動。此過程重復(fù)直到指針值為零，然后電梯停止。此外，電梯啟動后應(yīng)緩慢增加速度并且在停止前逐漸減小速度，以使電梯平穩(wěn)運(yùn)行，避免振動或擺動。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)程序設(shè)計(jì)的這一目標(biāo)，我們可以控制單片機(jī)輸出

50、的驅(qū)動電路脈沖信號的頻率。電梯的轉(zhuǎn)速與脈沖信號的頻率成正比，這意味著信號頻率越高，電梯轉(zhuǎn)速越大，反之亦然。在電梯從零到最大運(yùn)行速度這個過程中，單片機(jī)輸出越來越高頻率的脈沖信號到驅(qū)動電路，以實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的加速。同樣，單片機(jī)輸出越來越低頻率的脈沖信號到驅(qū)動電路，以實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的減速。</p><p><b>　　5結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　我們選擇ATmega128單片機(jī)

51、作為核心控制部分，步進(jìn)電機(jī)作為執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，使用L298集成芯片來驅(qū)動步進(jìn)電機(jī)以及用紅外三極管作為測量元件檢測電梯的位置，并獲得實(shí)時信息，實(shí)現(xiàn)位置控制系統(tǒng)模型的建立。這一模型的特點(diǎn)如下：</p><p>　?。?）電梯運(yùn)行命令可以預(yù)置，電梯運(yùn)行命令和運(yùn)行時間的實(shí)時信息可用液晶顯示器顯示。運(yùn)行命令和運(yùn)行時間可以通過一定的按鍵來進(jìn)行修改。該系統(tǒng)可通過某些按鍵進(jìn)入緊急情況。電梯在加速和減速的過程中是平穩(wěn)的和均勻的。<