外文翻譯--plc控制下的電梯系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　Elevator System Based on PLC</p><p>　　Composed by the order of relay control system is a realization of the first elevator control method. However, to enter the nineties, with the development of s

2、cience and technology and the widespread application of computer technology, the safety of elevators, reliability of the increasingly high demand on the relay control weaknesses are becoming evident.    Eleva

3、tor control system relays the failure rate high, greatly reduces the reliability and safety of elevators, and escalators stopped oft</p><p>　　1. PLC elevator control advantages </p><p>　　(1) use

4、d in elevator control PLC, with software for automatic control of lift operation, reliability greatly increased.  (2) layer was removed and a majority of the relay, the control system structure is simple, to simpli

5、fy the external circuit.  (3) PLC can be a variety of complex control system, easy to add or change control functions.  (4) PLC can be automated fault detection and alarm display to improve the operation of s

6、ecurity and ease of maintenance.  (5) for the group control the all</p><p>　　(6) do not need to change the control scheme changes when the hardware connection. </p><p>　　2. VVVF elevator c

7、ontrol characteristics </p><p>　　With the power electronics, microelectronics and computer technology to control the rapid development of technology, communication technology VVVF also a very rapid rate. AC

8、variable frequency motor speed control technology is the power to improve the process in order to improve product quality and improving the environment and promoting technological progress as a primary means. Frequency o

9、f its excellent performance and the speed brake from a smooth performance, high efficiency, high power fac</p><p>　　(1)low energy consumption </p><p>　　(2) low load circuit, the required emergen

10、cy power supply device of small In the acceleration stage, the required start-up current of less than 2.5 times the rated current. Peak starting current and time is short. Since the starting current is drastically reduc

11、ed, so power consumption and power supply cable diameter can be reduced a lot. Required for emergency power supply devices are also relatively small size. (3) high reliability and long service life. (4) good comf

12、ort Elevator oper</p><p>　　(5) Stable noise-free </p><p>　　(6) In the car, the engine room and adjacent areas to ensure that noise. Because their systems use a high clock frequency. Always prod

13、uce a true sine wave power supply current yet. Motor torque ripple does not appear. Therefore, to eliminate vibration and noise.</p><p>　　3. Elevator control technology </p><p>　　The so-called e

14、levator control technology refers to the elevator drive system and electrical control system of automatic control. 70 as the 20th century in China's elevator was marked by the exchange of two-speed elevator. Its spee

15、d is used to change the elevator traction motor of the very few, two or multi-level approach to the number of windings, very few of them as high-speed winding of the winding, a very few number of windings as the low-spee

16、d winding. Windings for high-speed elevator-speed</p><p>　　4. PLC Control Elevator Design </p><p>　　With the continuous development of urban construction, the increasing high-rise buildings, ele

17、vators and life in the national economy has a broad application. Elevator high-rise buildings as a means of transport in the vertical run of daily life has been inextricably linked with people. In fact the lift is based

18、on external call control signals, as well as the laws of their own, such as running, and the call is random, the lift is actually a man-machine interactive control system, simple to use </p><p>　　5. Elevator

19、 control system characteristics </p><p>　　Operation of the lift curve is above the start to run comfort indicators lift the key features, and comfort are directly related with the acceleration, according to

20、control theory, for a certain amount of change according to the law must be directly controlled, for elevator control system, according to the ideal acceleration curve acceleration feedback to be used, in accordance with

21、 the motor torque equation: M-MZ = ΔM = J (dn / dt), can be seen reflected in the rate of change of acceleration of</p><p>　　PLC控制下的電梯系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　由繼電器組成的順序控制系統(tǒng)是最早的一種實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯控制的方法。但是，進(jìn)入九十年代，隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展

22、和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用，人們對(duì)電梯的安全性、可靠性的要求越來越高，繼電器控制的弱點(diǎn)就越來越明顯。 </p><p>　　電梯繼電器控制系統(tǒng)故障率高，大大降低了電梯的可靠性和安全性，經(jīng)常造成停梯，給乘用人員帶來不便和驚憂。且電梯一旦發(fā)生沖頂或蹲底，不但會(huì)造成電梯機(jī)械部件損壞，還可能出現(xiàn)人身事故。</p><p>　　可編程序控制器(PLC)最早是根據(jù)順序邏輯控制的需要而發(fā)展起來的，是專門為

23、工業(yè)環(huán)境應(yīng)用而設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字運(yùn)算操作的電子裝置。鑒于其種種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，目前，電梯的繼電器控制方式己逐漸被PLC控制所代替。同時(shí)，由于電機(jī)交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電梯的拖動(dòng)方式己由原來直流調(diào)速逐漸過渡到了交流變頻調(diào)速。因此，PLC控制技術(shù)加變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)己成為現(xiàn)代電梯行業(yè)的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　1. PLC控制電梯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)</p><p>　　(1)在電梯控制中采用了PLC，用軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)電梯運(yùn)行

24、的自動(dòng)控制，可靠性大大提高。</p><p>　　(2)去掉了選層器及大部分繼電器，控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，外部線路簡(jiǎn)化。</p><p>　　(3)PLC可實(shí)現(xiàn)各種復(fù)雜的控制系統(tǒng)，方便地增加或改變控制功能。</p><p>　　(4) PLC可進(jìn)行故障自動(dòng)檢測(cè)與報(bào)警顯示，提高運(yùn)行安全性，并便于檢修。</p><p>　　(5)用于群控調(diào)配和管理，

25、并提高電梯運(yùn)行效率。</p><p>　　(6)更改控制方案時(shí)不需改動(dòng)硬件接線。</p><p>　　2.電梯變頻調(diào)速控制的特點(diǎn)</p><p>　　隨著電力電子技術(shù)、微電子技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)的發(fā)展也十分迅速。電動(dòng)機(jī)交流變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)是當(dāng)今節(jié)電、改善工藝流程以提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和改善環(huán)境、推動(dòng)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的一種主要手段。變頻調(diào)速以其優(yōu)異的調(diào)速性能和

26、起制動(dòng)平穩(wěn)性能、高效率、高功率因數(shù)和節(jié)電效果，廣泛的適用范圍及其它許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被國內(nèi)外公認(rèn)為最有發(fā)展前途的調(diào)速方式</p><p>　　交流變頻調(diào)速電梯的特點(diǎn)</p><p><b>　?、?能源消耗低</b></p><p>　?、?電路負(fù)載低，所需緊急供電裝置小</p><p>　　在加速階段，所需起動(dòng)電流小于2.5倍

27、的額定電流。且起動(dòng)電流峰值時(shí)間短。由于起動(dòng)電流大幅度減小，故功耗和供電纜線直徑可減小很多。所需的緊急供電裝置的尺寸也比較小。</p><p>　?、?可靠性高，使用壽命長(zhǎng)。</p><p><b>　?、?舒適感好</b></p><p>　　電梯運(yùn)行是跟隨最佳給定的速度曲線運(yùn)行的。其特性可適應(yīng)人體感受，并保證運(yùn)行噪聲小，制動(dòng)平穩(wěn)</p&

28、gt;<p><b>　?、?平層精度高</b></p><p><b>　　⑹ 運(yùn)行平穩(wěn)無噪聲</b></p><p>　　在轎廂內(nèi)，機(jī)房?jī)?nèi)及鄰近區(qū)域確保噪聲小。因?yàn)槠湎到y(tǒng)中采用了高時(shí)鐘頻率。始終產(chǎn)生一個(gè)不失真的正弦波供電電流。電動(dòng)機(jī)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)距脈動(dòng)。因此，消除了振動(dòng)和噪聲。</p><p><b&g

29、t;　　3.電梯控制技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　所謂電梯控制技術(shù)是指電梯的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及操縱系統(tǒng)的電氣自動(dòng)控制。作為我國20世紀(jì)70年代電梯的主要標(biāo)志是交流雙速電梯。其調(diào)速方法是采用改變電梯牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)的極對(duì)數(shù)，兩種或兩種不同級(jí)對(duì)數(shù)的繞組，其中極數(shù)少的繞組稱為高速繞組，極數(shù)多的繞組稱為低速繞組。高速繞組用于電梯的起動(dòng)及穩(wěn)速運(yùn)行，低速繞組用于制動(dòng)及電梯的維修。</p><p>　

30、　80年代初，VVVF變頻變壓系統(tǒng)控制的電梯問世。它采用交流電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，卻可以達(dá)到直流電動(dòng)機(jī)的水平，目前控制速度已達(dá)6米/秒。它的體積小，重量輕，效率高，節(jié)省能源等幾乎包括了以往電梯的所有優(yōu)點(diǎn)。是目前最新的電梯拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)?！　‰娞菰诖怪边\(yùn)行過程中，有起點(diǎn)站也有終點(diǎn)站。對(duì)于三層樓以上的建筑物的電梯，起點(diǎn)站和終點(diǎn)站之間還沒有?？空?，起點(diǎn)站設(shè)在一樓，終點(diǎn)站設(shè)在最高樓。設(shè)在一樓的起點(diǎn)站稱為基站，起點(diǎn)站和終點(diǎn)站稱為兩端站，兩端站之間稱為中間站。&

31、lt;/p><p>　　各站廳外設(shè)有召喚箱，箱上設(shè)置有供乘用人員召喚電梯用的召喚按鈕或觸鈕，一般電梯在兩端站的召喚箱上各設(shè)置一只按鈕或觸鈕。中間層站的召喚箱各設(shè)置兩只按鈕或觸鈕。對(duì)于無司機(jī)控制的電梯，在各層站的召喚箱上均設(shè)置一只按鈕或觸鈕。而電梯的轎廂內(nèi)部設(shè)置有（雜物電梯除外）操縱箱。操縱箱上設(shè)置有手柄開關(guān)或與層站對(duì)應(yīng)的按鈕或觸鈕，操縱箱上的按鈕或觸鈕城內(nèi)指令按鈕或觸鈕。外指令按鈕或觸鈕發(fā)出的電信號(hào)稱為外指令信號(hào)，內(nèi)

32、指令按鈕或觸鈕發(fā)出的電信號(hào)成為內(nèi)指令信號(hào)。20世紀(jì)80年代中期后，觸鈕已被微動(dòng)按鈕所取代。</p><p>　　作為電梯基站的廳外召喚箱，除設(shè)置一只召喚按鈕或觸鈕外，還設(shè)置一只鑰匙開關(guān)，以便下班關(guān)電梯時(shí)。司機(jī)或管理人員把電梯開到基站后，可以通過專用鑰匙扭動(dòng)該鑰匙開關(guān)。把電梯的廳門關(guān)閉妥當(dāng)后，自動(dòng)切斷電梯控制電源或動(dòng)力電源。</p><p>　　4. PLC控制電梯的設(shè)計(jì)</p>

33、<p>　　隨著城市建設(shè)的不斷發(fā)展，高層建筑不斷增多，電梯在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和生活中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。電梯作為高層建筑中垂直運(yùn)行的交通工具已與人們的日常生活密不可分。實(shí)際上電梯是根據(jù)外部呼叫信號(hào)以及自身控制規(guī)律等運(yùn)行的，而呼叫是隨機(jī)的，電梯實(shí)際上是一個(gè)人機(jī)交互式的控制系統(tǒng)，單純用順序控制或邏輯控制是不能滿足控制要求的，因此，電梯控制系統(tǒng)采用隨機(jī)邏輯方式控制。目前電梯的控制普遍采用了兩種方式，一是采用微機(jī)作為信號(hào)控制單元，完成電梯信號(hào)

34、的采集、運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和功能的設(shè)定，實(shí)現(xiàn)電梯的自動(dòng)調(diào)度和集選運(yùn)行功能，拖動(dòng)控制則由變頻器來完成；第二種控制方式用可編程控制器（PLC）取代微機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)集選控制。從控制方式和性能上來說，這兩種方法并沒有太大的區(qū)別。國內(nèi)廠家大多選擇第二種方式，其原因在于生產(chǎn)規(guī)模較小，自己設(shè)計(jì)和制造微機(jī)控制裝置成本較高；而PLC可靠性高，程序設(shè)計(jì)方便靈活，抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定可靠等特點(diǎn)，所以現(xiàn)在的電梯控制系統(tǒng)廣泛采用可編程控制器來實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p>&

35、lt;p>　　5.電梯控制系統(tǒng)特性</p><p>　　在電梯運(yùn)行曲線中的啟動(dòng)段是關(guān)系到電梯運(yùn)行舒適感指標(biāo)的主要環(huán)節(jié)，而舒適感又與加速度直接相關(guān)，根據(jù)控制理論，要使某個(gè)量按預(yù)定規(guī)律變化必須對(duì)其進(jìn)行直接控制，對(duì)于電梯控制系統(tǒng)來說，要使加速度按理想曲線變化就必須采用加速度反饋，根據(jù)電動(dòng)機(jī)的力矩方程式:M—MZ=ΔM=J（dn/dt），可見加速度的變化率反映了系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)距的變化，控制加速度就控制系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)距ΔM

36、=M—MZ。故在此段采用加速度的時(shí)間控制原則，當(dāng)啟動(dòng)上升段速度達(dá)到穩(wěn)態(tài)值的90%時(shí)，將系統(tǒng)由加速度控制切換到速度控制，因?yàn)樵诜€(wěn)速段，速度為恒值控制波動(dòng)較小，加速度變化不大，且采用速度閉環(huán)控制可以使穩(wěn)態(tài)速度保持一定的精度，為制動(dòng)段的精確平層創(chuàng)造條件。在系統(tǒng)的速度上升段和穩(wěn)速段雖都采用PI調(diào)節(jié)器控制，但兩段的PI參數(shù)是不同的，以提高系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)指標(biāo)。在系統(tǒng)的制動(dòng)段，即要對(duì)減速度進(jìn)行必要的控制，以保證舒適感，又要嚴(yán)格地按電梯運(yùn)行的速度和距離