外文翻譯--模具發(fā)展歷程 英文版

1、<p>　　編號： </p><p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)外文翻譯</p><p><b>　　（原文）</b></p><p>　　院 （系）： 國防生學院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 </p>&l

2、t;p>　　學生姓名： 呂 亮 </p><p>　　學 號： 1001120122 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師單位： 機電工程學院 </p><p>　　姓 名： 楊運澤 </p><

3、p>　　職 稱： 講 師 </p><p>　　2014年 3 月 9 日</p><p>　　Die history</p><p>　　Meorice Wilkes</p><p>　　Abstract Functional parts are needed for design v

4、eri?cation testing, ?eld trials, customer evaluation, and production planning. By eliminating multiple steps, the creation of the injection mold directly by a rapid prototyping (RP) process holds the best promise of re

5、ducing the time and cost needed to mold low-volume quantities of parts. The potential of this integration of injection molding with RP has been demonstrated many times. What is missing is the fundamental understanding o

6、f how the m</p><p>　　Keywords Injection molding Numerical simulation Rapid prototyping </p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　In injection molding, the polymer melt at high temperature

7、is injected into the mold under high pressure [1]. Thus, the mold material needs to have thermal and mechanical properties capable of withstanding the temperatures and pressures of the molding cycle. The focus of many

8、studies has been to create the </p><p>　　injection mold directly by a rapid prototyping (RP) process. By eliminating multiple steps, this method of tooling holds the best promise of reducing the time and cos

9、t needed to create low-volume quantities of parts in a production material. The potential of integrating injection molding with RP technologies has been demonstrated many times. The properties of RP molds are very differ

10、ent from those of traditional metal molds. The key differences are the properties of thermal conductivity and ela</p><p>　　In addition, computer simulation is an effective approach for predicting the qualit

11、y of molded parts. Commercially available simulation packages of the traditional injection molding process have now become routine tools of the mold designer and process engineer [2]. Unfortunately, current simulation p

12、rograms for conventional injection molding are no longer applicable to RP molds, because of the dramatically dissimilar tool material. For instance, in using the existing simulation software with a</p><p>　　

13、In this paper, based on the above analysis, a new simulation system for RP molds is developed. The proposed system focuses on predicting part distortion, which is dominating defect in RP-molded parts. The developed simu

14、lation can be applied as an evaluation tool for RP mold design and process optimization. Our simulation system is veri?ed by an experimental example.</p><p>　　Although many materials are available for use i

15、n RP technologies, we concentrate on using stereolithography (SL), the original RP technology, to create polymer molds. The SL process uses photopolymer and laser energy to build a part layer by layer. Using SL takes a

16、dvantage of both the commercial dominance of SL in the RP industry and the subsequent expertise base that has been developed for creating accurate, high-quality parts. Until recently, SL was primarily used to create phy

17、sical models </p><p>　　1 Die position in industrial production</p><p>　　Mold is a high-volume products with the shape tool, is the main process of industrial production equipment. </p>&l

18、t;p>　　采用模具生產(chǎn)零部件，具有生產(chǎn)效率高、質(zhì)量好、成本低、節(jié)約能源和原材料等一系列優(yōu)點，用模具生產(chǎn)制件所具備的高精度、高復(fù)雜程度、高一致性、高生產(chǎn)率和低消耗，是其他加工制造方法所不能比 With mold components, with high efficiency, good quality, low cost, saving energy and raw materials and a series of adva

19、ntages, with the mold workpieces possess high accuracy, high complexity, high consistency, high productivity and low consumption , other manufacturing methods can not match. 已成為當代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要手段和工藝發(fā)展方向。 Have already become an

20、important means of industrial production and technological developmen</p><p>　　The development of modern industrial and technological level depends largely on the level of industrial development die, so die

21、industry to national economic and social development will play an increasing role. 1989 年 3 月國務(wù)院頒布的《關(guān)于當前產(chǎn)業(yè)政策要點的決定》中，把模具列為機械工業(yè)技術(shù)改造序列的第一位、生產(chǎn)和基本建設(shè)序列的第二位 ( 僅次于大型發(fā)電設(shè)備及相應(yīng)的輸變電設(shè)備 ) ，確立模具工業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中的重要地位。 March 1989 the State Counci

22、l promulgated "on the current industrial policy decision points" in the mold as the machinery industry transformation sequence of the first, production </p><p>　　據(jù)統(tǒng)計，在家電、玩具等輕工行業(yè)，近 90 ％的零件是綜筷具生產(chǎn)的；在飛

23、機、汽車、農(nóng)機和無線電行業(yè)，這個比例也超過 60 ％。 According to statistics, home appliances, toys and other light industries, nearly 90% of the parts are integrated with production of chopsticks; in aircraft, automobiles, agricultural machi

24、nery and radio industries, the proportion exceeded 60%. 例如飛機制造業(yè)，某型戰(zhàn)斗機模具使用量超過三萬套，其中主機八千套、發(fā)動機二千套、輔機二萬套。 Such as aircraft manufacturing, the use of a certain type of fighter dies more than 30,000 units, of which the host 80

25、00 sets, 2000 sets of eng</p><p>　　2 The historical development of mold</p><p>　　模具的出現(xiàn)可以追溯到幾千年前的陶器和青銅器鑄造，但其大規(guī)模使用卻是隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的掘起而發(fā)展起來的。 The emergence of mold can be traced back thousands of years

26、 ago, pottery and bronze foundry, but the large-scale use is with the rise of modern industry and developed.</p><p>　　19 世紀，隨著軍火工業(yè) ( 槍炮的彈殼 ) 、鐘表工業(yè)、無線電工業(yè)的發(fā)展，沖模得到廣泛使用。 The 19th century, with the arms indust

27、ry (gun's shell), watch industry, radio industry, dies are widely used. 二次大戰(zhàn)后，隨著世界經(jīng)濟的飛速發(fā)展，它又成了大量生產(chǎn)家用電器、汽車、電子儀器、照相機、鐘表等零件的最佳方式。 After World War II, with the rapid development of world economy, it became a mass product

28、ion of household appliances, automobiles, electronic equipment, cameras, watches and other parts the best way. 從世界范圍看，當時美國的沖壓技術(shù)走在前列——許多模具先進技術(shù)，如簡易模具、高效率模具、高壽命模具和沖壓自動化技術(shù)，大多起源于美國；而瑞士的精沖、德國的冷擠壓技術(shù)，蘇聯(lián)對</p><p>　　進入

29、 70 年代向高速化、啟動化、精密化、安全化發(fā)展的第二階段。 Into the 70's to high speed, launch technology, precision, security, development of the second stage. 在這個過程中不斷涌現(xiàn)各種高效率、商壽命、高精度助多功能自動校具。 Continue to emerge in this process a variety of

30、 high efficiency, business life, high-precision multi-functional automatic school to help with. 其代表是多達別多個工位的級進模和十幾個工位的多工位傳遞模。 Represented by the number of working places as much as other progressive die and dozens of mul

31、ti-station transfer station module. 在此基礎(chǔ)上又發(fā)展出既有連續(xù)沖壓工位又有多滑塊成形工位</p><p>　　從 70 年代中期至今可以說是計算機輔助設(shè)計、輔助制造技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展的時代。 From the mid-70s so far can be said that computer-aided design, supporting the continuous deve

32、lopment of manufacturing technology of the times. 隨著模具加工精度與復(fù)雜性不斷提高，生產(chǎn)周期不斷加快，模具業(yè)對設(shè)備和人員素質(zhì)的要求也不斷提高。 With the precision and complexity of mold rising, accelerating the production cycle, the mold industry, the quality of equi

33、pment and personnel are required to improve. 依靠普通加工設(shè)備，憑經(jīng)驗和手藝越來越不能滿足模具生產(chǎn)的需要。 Rely on common processing equipment, their experience and skills can </p><p>　　隨著計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，計算機也逐步進入模具生產(chǎn)的各個領(lǐng)域，包括設(shè)計、制造、管理等。 With th

34、e development of computer technology, computers have gradually into the mold in all areas, including design, manufacturing and management. 國際生產(chǎn)研究協(xié)會預(yù)測，到 2000 年，作為設(shè)計和制造之間聯(lián)系手段的圖紙將失去其主要作用。 International Association for the S

35、tudy of production forecasts to 2000, as a means of links between design and manufacturing drawings will lose its primary role. 模具自動設(shè)計的最根本點是必須確立模具零件標準及設(shè)計標準。 Automatic Design of die most fundamental point is to establish

36、the mold</p><p>　　3 我國模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢 China's mold industry and its development trend</p><p>　　模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 Die & Mould Industry Status</p><p>　　由于歷史原因形成的封閉式、“ 大 而全” 的 企業(yè)特征，我國大部分企業(yè)均設(shè)有

37、模具車間，處于本廠的配套地位，自 70 年代末才有了模具工業(yè)化和生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化這個概念。 Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed, "big and complete" enterprise features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory

38、 matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production. 生產(chǎn)效率不高，經(jīng)濟效益較差。 Production efficiency is not high, poor economic returns. 模具行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)小而散亂，跨行業(yè)、投資密集，專業(yè)化、商品化和技術(shù)管

39、理水平都比較低。 Mold production industr</p><p>　　據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，全國現(xiàn)有模具專業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠、產(chǎn)品廠配套的模具車間（分廠）近17000家，約60萬從業(yè)人員，年模具總產(chǎn)值達200億元人民幣。 According to incomplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold, the produc

40、t supporting mold factory workshop (factory) near 17 000, about 600 000 employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. 但是，我國模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)有能力只能滿足需求量的60％左右，還不能適應(yīng)國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要。 However, the existing capacity of the mold a

41、nd die industry can only meet the demand of 60%, still can not meet the needs of national economic development. 目前，</p><p>　　1、模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀3.1 Research on the Structure of industrial products mold</p>

42、<p>　　按照中國模具工業(yè)協(xié)會的劃分，我國模具基本分為10大類，其中，沖壓模和塑料成型模兩大類占主要部分。 In accordance with the division of China Mould Industry Association, China mold is divided into 10 basic categories, which, stamping die and plastic molding

43、 two categories accounted for the main part. 按產(chǎn)值計算，目前我國沖壓模占50％左右，塑料成形模約占20％，拉絲模（工具）約占10％，而世界上發(fā)達工業(yè)國家和地區(qū)的塑料成形模比例一般占全部模具產(chǎn)值的40％以上。 Calculated by output, present, China accounts for about 50% die stamping, plastic molding die

44、 about 20%, Wire Drawing Die (Tool) about 10% of the world's advanced in</p><p>　　我國沖壓模大多為簡單模、單工序模和符合模等，精沖模，精密多工位級進模還為數(shù)不多，模具平均壽命不足100萬次，模具最高壽命達到1億次以上，精度達到3～5um，有50個以上的級進工位，與國際上最高模具壽命6億次，平均模具壽命5000萬次相比，處于

45、80年代中期國際先進水平。 Most of our stamping die mold for the simple, single-process mode and meet the molds, precision die, precision multi-position progressive die is also one of the few, die less than 100 million times the a

46、verage life of the mold reached 100 million times the maximum life of more than accuracy 3 ~ 5um, more than 50 progressive station, and the international life </p><p>　　我國的塑料成形模具設(shè)計，制作技術(shù)起步較晚，整體水平還較低。 China

47、's plastic molding mold design, production technology started relatively late, the overall level of low. 目前單型腔，簡單型腔的模具達70％以上，仍占主導(dǎo)地位。 Currently a single cavity, a simple mold cavity 70%, and still dominant. 一模多腔精密復(fù)雜的塑

48、料注射模，多色塑料注射模已經(jīng)能初步設(shè)計和制造。A sophisticated multi-cavity mold plastic injection mold, plastic injection mold has been able to multi-color preliminary design and manufacturing. 模具平均壽命約為80萬次左右，主要差距是模具零件變形大、溢邊毛刺大、表面質(zhì)量差、模具型腔沖蝕和腐蝕

49、嚴重、模具排氣不暢和型腔易損等，注射模精度已達到5u</p><p>　　3.2 mold Present Status of Technology</p><p>　　我國模具工業(yè)目前技術(shù)水平參差不齊，懸殊較大。 Technical level of China's mold industry currently uneven, with wide disparities.

50、 從總體上來講，與發(fā)達工業(yè)國家及港臺地區(qū)先進水平相比，還有較大的差距。 Generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan advanced level, there is a large gap. 在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技術(shù)設(shè)計與制造模具方面，無論是應(yīng)用的廣泛性，還是技術(shù)水平上都存在很大的差距。 T

51、he use of CAD / CAM / CAE / CAPP and other technical design and manufacture molds, both wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. 在應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計模具方面</p><p>　　Lack of technology of hi

52、gh-quality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of compound talents. 中國模具行業(yè)中的技術(shù)人員，只占從業(yè)人員的8%~12%左右，且技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人的總體技術(shù)水平也較低。

53、 China's mold industry and technical personnel, only 8% of employees 12%, and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the overall skill level. 1980年以前從業(yè)的技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人知識老化，知識結(jié)構(gòu)不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的需要；而80年代以后從業(yè)的人員，專業(yè)知識、經(jīng)驗匱

54、乏，動手能力差，不安心，不愿學技術(shù)。 Before 1980, practiti</p><p>　　3.3 mold industry supporting materials, standard parts of present condition</p><p>　　Over the past 10 years, especially the "Eighth Five-Ye

55、ar", the State organization of the ministries have repeatedly Material Research Institute, universities and steel enterprises, research and development of special series of die steel, molds and other mold-specific c

56、arbide special tools, auxiliary materials, and some promotion. 但因材料的質(zhì)量不夠穩(wěn)定，缺乏必要的試驗條件和試驗數(shù)據(jù)，規(guī)格品種較少，大型模具和特種模具所需的鋼材及規(guī)格還有缺口。 However, due to the quality is not stable enough, the lack of the necessary test conditions and test

57、 data, spec</p><p>　　模具加工的輔助材料和專用技術(shù)近年來雖有所推廣應(yīng)用，但未形成成熟的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，大多仍還處于試驗摸索階段，如模具表面涂層技術(shù)、模具表面熱處理技術(shù)、模具導(dǎo)向副潤滑技術(shù)、模具型腔傳感技術(shù)及潤滑技術(shù)、模具去應(yīng)力技術(shù)、模具抗疲勞及防腐技術(shù)等尚未完全形成生產(chǎn)力，走向商品化。 Mold supporting materials and special techniques in rec

58、ent years despite the popularization and application, but failed to mature production technology, most still also in the exploratory stage tests, such as die coating technology, surface treatment technology mold, mold gu

59、ide lubrication technology Die sensing technology and lubrication technology, mold to stress t</p><p>　　我國的模具標準件生產(chǎn)，80年代初才形成小規(guī)模生產(chǎn)，模具標準化程度及標準件的使用覆蓋面約占20%，從市場上能配到的也只有約30個品種，且僅限于中小規(guī)格。 China's mold standard

60、parts production, the formation of the early 80s only small-scale production, standardization and standard mold parts using the coverage of about 20%, from the market can be assigned to, is just about 30 varieties, and l

61、imited to small and medium size. 標準凸凹模、熱流道元件等剛剛開始供應(yīng)，模架及零件生產(chǎn)供應(yīng)渠道不暢，精度和質(zhì)量也較差。 Standard punch, hot runner components and other supplies just the beginning, mold and parts production an</p><p>　　3.4 Die & M

62、ould Industry Structure in Industrial Organization</p><p>　　我國的模具工業(yè)相對較落后，至今仍不能稱其為一個獨立的行業(yè)。 China's mold industry is relatively backward and still could not be called an independent industry. 我國目前的模具生產(chǎn)企業(yè)可

63、劃分為四大類：專業(yè)模具廠，專業(yè)生產(chǎn)外供模具；產(chǎn)品廠的模具分廠或車間，以供給本產(chǎn)品廠所需的模具為主要任務(wù)；三資企業(yè)的模具分廠，其組織模式與專業(yè)模具廠相類似，以小而專為主；鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)模具企業(yè)，與專業(yè)模具廠相類似。 Mold manufacturer in China currently can be divided into four categories: professional mold factory, professional prod

64、uction outside for mold; products factory mold factory or workshop, in order to supply the product works as the main tasks needed to die;</p><p>　　模具適宜于中小型企業(yè)組織生產(chǎn)，而我國技術(shù)改造投資向大中型企業(yè)傾斜時，中小型模具企業(yè)的投資得不到保證。 Mold is

65、suitable for small and medium enterprises organize production, and our technical transformation investment tilted to large and medium enterprises, small and medium enterprise investment mold can not be guaranteed. 包括產(chǎn)品廠的

66、模具車間、分廠在內(nèi)，技術(shù)改造后不能很快收回其投資，甚至負債累累，影響發(fā)展。 Including product factory mold shop, factory, including, after the transformation can not quickly recover its investment, or debt-laden, affecting development.</p><p>　　

67、雖然大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品廠的模具車間、分廠技術(shù)力量強，設(shè)備條件較好，生產(chǎn)的模具水平也較高，但設(shè)備利用率低。 Although most products factory mold shop, factory technical force is strong, good equipment conditions, the production of mold levels higher, but equipment utilization ra

68、te.</p><p>　　我國模具價格長期以來同其價值不協(xié)調(diào)，造成模具行業(yè)“自身經(jīng)濟效益小，社會效益大”的現(xiàn)象。 Price has long been China's mold inconsistent with their value, resulting in mold industry "own little economic benefit, social benefit big&

69、quot; phenomenon. “干模具的不如干模具標準件的，干標準件的不如干模具帶件生產(chǎn)的。干帶件生產(chǎn)的不如用模具加工產(chǎn)品的”之類不正常現(xiàn)象存在。 "Dry as dry mold mold standard parts, standard parts dry as dry mold with pieces of production. Dry with parts manufactured products than

70、with the mold" of the class of anomalies exist.</p><p>　　4 Die trend</p><p>　　4.1 mold CAD / CAE / CAM being integrated, three-dimensional, intelligent and network direction</p><

71、p>　?。?）模具軟件功能集成化 (1) mold software features integrated</p><p>　　模具軟件功能的集成化要求軟件的功能模塊比較齊全，同時各功能模塊采用同一數(shù)據(jù)模型，以實現(xiàn)信息的綜合管理與共享，從而支持模具設(shè)計、制造、裝配、檢驗、測試及生產(chǎn)管理的全過程，達到實現(xiàn)最佳效益的目的。 Die software features of integrated softwa

72、re modules required relatively complete, while the function module using the same data model, in order to achieve Syndicated news management and sharing of information to support the mold design, manufacture, assembly, i

73、nspection, testing and production management of the entire process to achieve optimal benefits. 如英國Delcam公司的系列化軟件就包括了曲面/實體幾何造型、復(fù)雜形體工程制圖、工業(yè)設(shè)計</p><p>　?。?）模具設(shè)計、分析及制造的三維化 (2) mold design, analysis and manufa

74、cture of three-dimensional</p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的二維模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計已越來越不適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化生產(chǎn)和集成化技術(shù)要求。 Two-dimensional mold of traditional structural design can no longer meet modern technical requirements of production and integration. 模

75、具設(shè)計、分析、制造的三維化、無紙化要求新一代模具軟件以立體的、直觀的感覺來設(shè)計模具，所采用的三維數(shù)字化模型能方便地用于產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的CAE分析、模具可制造性評價和數(shù)控加工、成形過程模擬及信息的管理與共享。 Mold design, analysis, manufacturing three-dimensional technology, paperless software required to mold a new generation

76、 of three-dimensional, intuitive sense to design the mold, using three-dimensional digital model can be easil</p><p>　　（3）模具軟件應(yīng)用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化趨勢 (3) mold software applications, networking trend</p><p>

77、　　隨著模具在企業(yè)競爭、合作、生產(chǎn)和管理等方面的全球化、國際化，以及計算機軟硬件技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，網(wǎng)絡(luò)使得在模具行業(yè)應(yīng)用虛擬設(shè)計、敏捷制造技術(shù)既有必要，也有可能。 With the mold in the enterprise competition, cooperation, production and management, globalization, internationalization, and the rapid

78、development of computer hardware and software technology, the Internet has made in the mold industry, virtual design, agile manufacturing technology both necessary and possible. 美國在其《21世紀制造企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略》中指出，到2006年要實現(xiàn)汽車工業(yè)敏捷生產(chǎn)/虛擬工程

79、方案，使汽車開發(fā)周期從40個月縮短到4個月。 The United States in its "21st Century </p><p>　　4.2 mold testing, processing equipment to the precise, efficient, and multi-direction</p><p>　?。?）模具檢測設(shè)備的日益精密、高效 (

80、1) mold testing equipment more sophisticated, efficient</p><p>　　精密、復(fù)雜、大型模具的發(fā)展，對檢測設(shè)備的要求越來越高。 Sophisticated, complex, large-scale mold development, testing equipment have become increasingly demanding. 現(xiàn)在精

81、密模具的精度已達2～3μm，目前國內(nèi)廠家使用較多的有意大利、美國、日本等國的高精度三坐標測量機，并具有數(shù)字化掃描功能。 Precision Mould precision now reached 2 ~ 3μm, more domestic manufacturers have to use Italy, the United States, Japan and other countries in the high-precision

82、 coordinate measuring machine, and with digital scanning. 如東風汽車模具廠不僅擁有意大利產(chǎn)3250mm×3250mm三坐標測量機，還擁有數(shù)碼攝影光學掃描儀，率先在國內(nèi)采用數(shù)碼攝影、光學掃描作為空間三維信息的獲得手段，從</p><p>　　（2）數(shù)控電火花加工機床 (2) CNC EDM</p><p>　　日本沙迪

83、克公司采用直線電機伺服驅(qū)動的AQ325L、AQ550LLS-WEDM具有驅(qū)動反應(yīng)快、傳動及定位精度高、熱變形小等優(yōu)點。 Japan Sodick linear motor servo drive using the company's AQ325L, AQ550LLS-WEDM have driven fast response, transmission and high positioning accuracy, th

84、e advantages of small thermal deformation. 瑞士夏米爾公司的NCEDM具有P-E3自適應(yīng)控制、PCE能量控制及自動編程專家系統(tǒng)。Switzerland Chanmier company NCEDM with P-E3 adaptive control, PCE energy control and automatic programming expert systems. 另外有些EDM還采用了

85、混粉加工工藝、微精加工脈沖電源及模糊控制(FC)等技術(shù)。 Others also used the powder mix</p><p>　　（3）高速銑削機床(HSM) (3) high-speed milling machine (HSM)</p><p>　　銑削加工是型腔模具加工的重要手段。 Milling is an important means of cavity

86、 mold. 而高速銑削具有工件溫升低、切削力小、加工平穩(wěn)、加工質(zhì)量好、加工效率高(為普通銑削加工的5～10倍)及可加工硬材料(<60HRC)等諸多優(yōu)點。 The low-temperature high-speed milling with the workpiece, cutting force is small, smooth processing, processing quality, processing effici

87、ency (for the general milling process 5 to 10 times) and can process hard materials (<60HRC) and many other advantages. 因而在模具加工中日益受到重視。 Thus in the mold processing more and more attention. 瑞士克朗公司UCP710型五軸聯(lián)動加工中心，其機床定位精

88、度可達8μm</p><p>　　4.3、快速經(jīng)濟制模技術(shù) 3 rapid economic modeling techniques</p><p>　　縮短產(chǎn)品開發(fā)周期是贏得市場競爭的有效手段之一。 Shorten the product development cycle is an effective means of market competition to win on

89、e. 與傳統(tǒng)模具加工技術(shù)相比，快速經(jīng)濟制模技術(shù)具有制模周期短、成本較低的特點，精度和壽命又能滿足生產(chǎn)需求，是綜合經(jīng)濟效益比較顯著的模具制造技術(shù)，具體主要有以下一些技術(shù)。 Compared with the traditional mold process, fast economic modeling technology is a short molding cycle, the characteristics of low cost

90、, precision, and life can meet the production needs, overall economic efficiency is more significant in the mold manufacturing technology, specifically the follow</p><p>　　(1)快速原型制造技術(shù)(RPM)。 (1) rapid prot

91、otyping and manufacturing (RPM). 它包括激光立體光刻技術(shù)(SLA) ；疊層輪廓制造技術(shù)(LOM) ；激光粉末選區(qū)燒結(jié)成形技術(shù)(SLS) ；熔融沉積成形技術(shù)(FDM) 和三維印刷成形技術(shù)(3D-P)等。 It consists of three-dimensional laser lithography (SLA); laminated profile manufacturing (LOM); laser

92、powder sintering prototyping (SLS); Fused Deposition Molding (FDM) and three-dimensional printing forming technology (3D-P) and so on. (2)表面成形制模技術(shù)。 (2) the surface forming tooling. 它是指利用噴涂、電鑄和化學腐蝕等新的工藝方法形成型腔表面及精細花紋的一

93、種工藝技術(shù)。 It refers to the u</p><p>　　4.4、模具材料及表面處理技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速4 mold materials and surface treatment technology developed rapidly</p><p>　　模具工業(yè)要上水平，材料應(yīng)用是關(guān)鍵。 Industry to the level of mold, material ap

94、plication is the key. 因選材和用材不當，致使模具過早失效，大約占失效模具的45%以上。 Due to improper selection and use of materials, causing premature die failure, which accounts for more than 45% failure die.In the mold material, commonly used cold

95、work tool steel with CrWMn, Cr12, Cr12MoV and W6Mo5Cr4V2, flame hardened steel (such as Japan, AUX2, SX105V (7CrSiMnMoV), etc.; used a new type of hot work die steel American H13, Sweden QRO80M, QRO90SUPREME, etc.; us<

96、;/p><p>　　4.5 mold industry new techniques, new ideas and new models have been gradually recognized</p><p>　　在成形工藝方面，主要有沖壓模具功能復(fù)合化、超塑性成形、塑性精密成形技術(shù)、塑料模氣體輔助注射技術(shù)及熱流道技術(shù)、高壓注射成形技術(shù)等。 In the forming proce

97、ss, the main function of composite stamping die, superplastic forming, plastic precision molding technology, plastic mold gas-assisted injection technology and hot runner technology, high-pressure injection molding techn