外文翻譯--高層建筑生活給水系統(tǒng)給水方式的選擇

1、<p><b>　　附錄4</b></p><p><b>　　外文原文</b></p><p>　　The high-rise construction life gives the water way to the aqueous system the choice</p><p>　　Abstract: T

2、hrough the high-rise construction life for aqueous system each kind for the water way analysis comparison, thought the basis special details use the top digit water tank reduced pressure are quite economical reasonable g

3、ive the water way for the water way or several kinds for the water way union in at present.</p><p>　　Key word: The high-rise construction gives the water for the water way reduced pressure</p><p&g

4、t;　　The choice for the water way is the high-rise construction life to the aqueous system design key, it relates directly to the life gives the aqueous system the use and the project construction cost. Regarding the high

5、-rise construction, the city cannot satisfy the high area partial domestic water generally for the water pipe network hydraulic pressure the request, the overwhelming majority uses the district for the water way, namely

6、the low area are partial straight according to by the city for t</p><p>　　3.4Strip stipulation that,“The high-rise construction life for the aqueous system vertical district, should act according to the oper

7、ation requirements, material condition and so on equipment performance, service management, building layer, the union uses outdoor gives the water pipe network the hydraulic pressure reasonable determination. The distric

8、t lowest health appliance matches the water drop place static hydraulic pressure, the housing, the hotel, the hospital is suitable is300～350KPa; Th</p><p>　　The housing achievement supplies the family housin

9、g use the construction, is important place which the humanity must not be possible from bottow to top to lack. In the correct processing housing design meets the fire question, relates directly to people's life and p

10、roperty safety. At the same time, a reasonable engineering design also needs to consider the items of basic construction the investment construction cost, achieves both safely is suitable, and the economy is reasonable.T

11、he high area a</p><p>　　y high tension system is in the majority at present for the aqueous system in, the general high-rise construction all is equipped with the top digit fire prevention water tank. Increa

12、ses in not many situations in the top digit water tank dischargeable capacity, the life water storage and the fire prevention store water at the same time stores in a water tank, this both the economy and is advantageous

13、 for the management. The top digit water tank has the constant voltage function, causes the cold </p><p>　　water way or the top digit water tank series for the water way, or uses several kinds according to t

14、he special details to give the water way the union. Top digit water tank reduced pressure gives the water way use reduced pressure water tank and the pressure relief valve reduced pressure. The reduced pressure water tan

15、k takes the certain floor space, and increased had prevented the domestic water two time polluted the difficulty, had the noise influence. Pressure relief valve construction cost a</p><p>　　2.Construction al

16、titude50～80mThe about high-rise construction, the high area are partial may use the tank――Water roof water tank――The pressure relief valve (sees the chart for the water way2) Or the top digit water tank parallel (sees th

17、e chart for the water way3) . Parallel for independent gives the aqueous system for the water way various districts, the water supply safely is reliable, water pump centralism arrangement, then management maintenance, mo

18、vement power Fei Chuansheng. But walks must</p><p>　　construction, the high area partial recommendations uses the top digit water tank district reduced pressure to give the water way, namely tank――Water pump

19、――Roof water tank――The pressure relief valve gives the water way, like chart4Shows. Also may use the top digit water tank parallel to give the water way. This kind of situation high area partially has three districts.

20、 4.The construction surpasses highly110mThe high-rise construction, highest district lift of pump will be able very big, will</p><p>　　influence, thus uses many in the extra-high building. Above four kind o

21、f situations also have the exception. Like Chongqing Yangtze river holiday hotel, construction altitude79.65mUnderground, on 23, underground to two by water pump――The roof water tank union water supply, gives the water e

22、quipment turbo-charged water supply 21 to 23 by the barometric pressure. Its low area lowly matches the water drop to receive the static hydraulic pressure to reach0.8MPaAbout, this is because this district wa</p>

23、<p><b>　　附錄5</b></p><p><b>　　外文譯文</b></p><p>　　高層建筑生活給水系統(tǒng)給水方式的選擇</p><p>　　摘要： 通過(guò)高層建筑生活給水系統(tǒng)各種給水方式的分析比較，認(rèn)為根據(jù)具體情況采用高位水箱減壓給水方式或幾種給水方式的結(jié)合在目前是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的給水方式。<

24、;/p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 高層建筑 給水方式 減壓給水</p><p>　　選擇給水方式是高層建筑生活給水系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的關(guān)鍵，它直接關(guān)系到生活給水系統(tǒng)的使用和工程造價(jià)。對(duì)于高層建筑，城市給水管網(wǎng)的水壓一般不能滿足高區(qū)部分生活用水的要求，絕大多數(shù)采用分區(qū)給水方式，即低區(qū)部分直按由城市給水管網(wǎng)供水，高區(qū)部分由水泵加壓供水。就目前我國(guó)城市給水狀況而言，水壓一般可滿足建筑五～六層的生活用水要求，高區(qū)部

25、分的供水應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況確定。《建筑給水排水設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（GBJ15－88）（以下簡(jiǎn)稱《規(guī)范》）第2.3.4條規(guī)定：“高層建筑生活給水系統(tǒng)的豎向分區(qū)，應(yīng)根據(jù)使用要求、材料設(shè)備性能、維修管理、建筑物層數(shù)等條件，結(jié)合利用室外給水管網(wǎng)的水壓合理確定。分區(qū)最低衛(wèi)生器具配水點(diǎn)處的靜水壓，住宅、旅館、醫(yī)院宜為300～350KPa；辦公樓宜為350～450KPa?！币虼?，根據(jù)《規(guī)范》規(guī)定的分區(qū)給水靜水壓，兼顧消防給水系統(tǒng)的給水方式，高層建筑生活給水系統(tǒng)高

26、區(qū)部分應(yīng)進(jìn)行合理的豎向分區(qū)。</p><p>　　城市用地日趨緊張，促使中高層建筑物向高空發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展，也為高層建筑提供了條件，20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)，我國(guó)大城市里陸續(xù)興建了一批高層建筑。特別是80年代以后我國(guó)實(shí)行改革開放以來(lái)，經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)日新月異，高層建筑在大中城市乃至小城市里如雨后春筍的拔地而起，發(fā)展很快。據(jù)上海市2002年統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)表明高層建筑已達(dá)5000余棟。高層建筑在節(jié)約用地、壯觀城市和提高

27、人們生活質(zhì)量等方面的優(yōu)越性已為每人所公認(rèn)。高層建筑滅火搶險(xiǎn)不易已成為當(dāng)今火災(zāi)撲救中的“三難”之一（“三難”是指高層建筑、地下工程、石油化工三種火災(zāi)），而高層建筑火災(zāi)的消防給水是滅火的基礎(chǔ)，又是難中之難。高層建筑盡管立足自救，但是落后自救系統(tǒng)一旦失靈，或自救系統(tǒng)雖可工作但不能滿足使用效能，滅火還必須依靠消防隊(duì)的移動(dòng)設(shè)施和裝備去撲救。 </p><p>　　住宅作為供家庭居住使用的建筑，是人類自下而上必不可缺的重要場(chǎng)

28、所。正確處理住宅設(shè)計(jì)中遇到的消防問(wèn)題，直接關(guān)系到人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。同時(shí)，一項(xiàng)合理的工程設(shè)計(jì)還要考慮建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的投資造價(jià)，做到既安全適用，又經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。</p><p>　　高區(qū)部分可以采用的分區(qū)給水方式有：高位水箱給水方式；變頻調(diào)速水泵給水方式或氣壓罐給水方式。《高層民用建筑設(shè)計(jì)防火規(guī)范》（GB50045－95）第7.4.7條規(guī)定：“采用高壓給水系統(tǒng)時(shí)，可不設(shè)高位消防水箱。當(dāng)采用臨時(shí)高壓給水系統(tǒng)時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)高位消防水箱

29、……。”我國(guó)目前消防給水系統(tǒng)中臨時(shí)高壓制居多，一般高層建筑都設(shè)有高位消防水箱。在高位水箱有效容積增加不多的情況下，生活貯水與消防貯水同時(shí)貯存于一個(gè)水箱中，這既經(jīng)濟(jì)又便于管理。高位水箱具有穩(wěn)壓作用，使冷熱水系統(tǒng)水壓保持平衡，方便洗浴。變頻調(diào)速水泵不能滿足消防貯水量，存在小流量和零流量供水問(wèn)題，同時(shí)變頻控制股價(jià)格較高，在高層建筑中采用較少。氣壓罐給水方式的主要缺點(diǎn)是氣壓罐調(diào)節(jié)容積小，同樣存在不能滿足消防貯水的問(wèn)題，一般作為消防給水系統(tǒng)中的經(jīng)

30、常性增壓設(shè)備，對(duì)于高層建筑生活給水一般用于少數(shù)樓層水壓不足時(shí)的增壓。由于以上諸多原因，目前絕大多數(shù)高層建筑采用高位水箱給水方式，盡管高位水箱存在增加建筑荷載和防止生活用水受到二次污染的問(wèn)題?！　「呶凰浣o水方式可根據(jù)《規(guī)范》要求采用高位水箱減壓給水方式、高位水箱并聯(lián)給水方式或高位水箱串聯(lián)給水方式，或者根據(jù)具體情</p><p>　　漸增多。高位水箱給水方式在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中可以按以下情況考慮?！　?、建筑高度50m

31、左右的高層建筑，高區(qū)部分可采用貯水池——水泵——屋頂水箱——減壓閥給水方式。如果低區(qū)部分對(duì)供水安全要求較高，可以直接從屋頂水箱引下一根立管至低區(qū)管網(wǎng)，該立管上設(shè)電動(dòng)閥門和減壓閥，平時(shí)電動(dòng)閥門關(guān)閉，在城市給水管網(wǎng)停止供水時(shí)打開電動(dòng)閥門向低區(qū)供水。如圖1所示。此方式供水安全可靠，充分利用了城市管網(wǎng)的水壓，節(jié)省能源。這種方式普遍采用。　　2、建筑高度50～80m左右的高層建筑，高區(qū)部分可采用貯水池——水 屋頂水箱——減壓閥給水方式（見圖2）

32、或高位水箱并聯(lián)給水方式（見圖3）。并聯(lián)給水方式各分區(qū)為獨(dú)立的給水系統(tǒng)，供水安全可靠，水泵集中布置，便了管理維護(hù)，運(yùn)行動(dòng)力費(fèi)川省。但走必須設(shè)水泵——水箱兩套設(shè)備，增加了水泵和水箱占用的建筑面積，造價(jià)增大，這在大城市尤為顯著。減壓閥給水方式系統(tǒng)簡(jiǎn)單，設(shè)備費(fèi)用少，占地面積小，管理維護(hù)方便。但是其供水安全性比并聯(lián)給水較差，運(yùn)行動(dòng)力費(fèi)用較高。目前我國(guó)各地供電情況逐步改善，電費(fèi)比較適中，采用高位水箱分區(qū)減壓給水方式具有較大優(yōu)越性。這種情況病區(qū)部分有

33、兩個(gè)分區(qū)。此種方式應(yīng)用較多。如由重慶建筑</p><p>　　高位水箱串聯(lián)給水方式的特點(diǎn)是各分區(qū)的水泵分散設(shè)置，各從下一分</p><p>　　區(qū)的水箱抽水，下一分區(qū)的水箱除供本分區(qū)外同時(shí)是上一分區(qū)的水源，適用　于超高層建筑。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是避免了設(shè)揚(yáng)程高的水泵和水壓高的壓水管，壓水管也不會(huì)很長(zhǎng)。其缺點(diǎn)是由于設(shè)備分散，管理維護(hù)不便；水泵設(shè)于樓層對(duì)防震、隔音要求高；上區(qū)供水受下區(qū)影響，安全性較差。

34、串聯(lián)給水與減壓給水結(jié)合，由于設(shè)備（水泵、水箱）減少，節(jié)省造價(jià)，并有利于管理維護(hù)，也減小了震動(dòng)和噪聲的影響，因而在超高層建筑中采用較多。以上四種情況也有例外。如重慶揚(yáng)子江假日飯店，建筑高度79.65m，地下一層，地上二十三層，地下一層至二層由水泵——屋頂水箱聯(lián)合供水，二十一至二十三層由氣壓給水設(shè)備增壓供水。其低區(qū)最低配水點(diǎn)所受靜水壓達(dá)0.8MPa左右，這是由于該分區(qū)給水系統(tǒng)材料和設(shè)備承壓能力好并采取了相應(yīng)防振隔音措施?！　【C上所述，高層