畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯---冷沖模具使用壽命的影響

1、<p>　　冷沖模具使用壽命的影響[1]</p><p>　　冷沖模具的使用壽命是以沖制出的工件數(shù)量來計(jì)算的。影響冷沖模壽命的因素很多。主要有模具結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、制造模具所用凸模和凹模的材料、模具的熱處理質(zhì)量與表面強(qiáng)化、沖模零件的制造精度和冷沖壓材料的選取。除此之外，還有沖模的安裝、調(diào)整、使用以及維修等。</p><p>　　1．模具設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)壽命的影響</p><p&

2、gt;　　(1)排樣設(shè)計(jì)的影響排樣方法與搭邊值對(duì)模具壽命的影響很大，過小的搭邊值，往往是造成模具急劇磨損和凸、凹?？袀闹匾颉墓?jié)約材料出發(fā)，搭邊值愈小愈好，但搭邊值小于一定數(shù)值后，對(duì)模具壽命和剪切表面質(zhì)量不利。在沖裁中有可能被拉人模具問隙中，使零件產(chǎn)生毛刺，甚至損壞模具刃口，降低模具壽命。因此，在考慮提高材料利用率的同時(shí)，必須根據(jù)零件產(chǎn)量、質(zhì)量和壽命，確定排樣方法和搭邊值。</p><p>　　(2)凹模結(jié)

3、構(gòu)的影響對(duì)容易產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中而開裂的凹模結(jié)構(gòu)，可以采用組合結(jié)構(gòu)或鑲拼結(jié)構(gòu)，以及預(yù)應(yīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)，從而提高模具使用壽命。</p><p>　　(3)間隙的影響當(dāng)間隙過小時(shí)，壓縮擠壓利害，摩擦力增大，磨損增大，側(cè)面的磨損加劇，沖裁后卸料和推件時(shí)，材料與凸、凹模之間的摩擦還將造成刃口側(cè)面的磨損比端面的磨大大，同時(shí)也容易造成凸、凹模溫度很高，把金屬碎屑吸附在刃口側(cè)面，形成金屬瘤，使凸、凹模出現(xiàn)崩刃或脹裂現(xiàn)象。因此，過小的間隙對(duì)模

4、具壽命極為不利。間隙太大，會(huì)增加凸模與凹模端面邊緣的集中應(yīng)力，致使壓應(yīng)力急劇增加，于是刃口邊很快屈服變形而失去棱角。因此又增加了沖裁力，進(jìn)而使刃口邊更快磨損，降低模具壽命。但為了減小凸、凹模的磨損，延長(zhǎng)模具使用壽命，在保證沖裁件質(zhì)量的前提下，設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)適當(dāng)采用較大間隙是十分必要的。</p><p>　　(4)模具導(dǎo)向結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)壽命的影響可靠的導(dǎo)向?qū)τ跍p小工作零件的磨損，避免凸、凹?？袀欠浅Ｓ行У?。特別對(duì)無問隙或小問隙沖

5、裁模、復(fù)合模和多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模更為重要。為提高模具壽命，必須根據(jù)工序和零件精度要求，正確選擇導(dǎo)向形式和導(dǎo)向精度，所選擇導(dǎo)向精度應(yīng)高于凸、凹模的配合精度。</p><p>　　(5)冷沖壓材料選取的影響冷沖壓材料應(yīng)滿足制件的設(shè)計(jì)要求和沖壓工藝要求，否則容易損傷模具，降低模具使用壽命。冷沖壓材料表面質(zhì)量不好，沖壓時(shí)制件易破裂，也易擦傷模具。冷沖壓材料塑性不好，變形量小，沖壓時(shí)制件易破裂，也易擦傷模具。另外，材料的厚度公差

6、應(yīng)符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因?yàn)橐桓睕_模適用于一定材料的厚度，成形、彎曲、翻邊、引伸模具的凸、凹模結(jié)構(gòu)間隙是直接根據(jù)材料厚度來確定的。所以材料厚度不均勻，會(huì)導(dǎo)致廢品產(chǎn)生和模具損壞。</p><p>　　2．模具材料對(duì)模具壽命的影響</p><p>　　模具材料對(duì)模具壽命的影響是模具材料性質(zhì)、化學(xué)成分、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、硬度和冶金質(zhì)量等的綜合反映。其中，材料性質(zhì)和熱處理質(zhì)量影響最為明顯。模具材料性質(zhì)對(duì)模具壽命的

7、影響是很大的。如將同一種工件，使用不同的模具材料做彎曲試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)結(jié)果：用9Mn2V材料，其壽命為5萬次；用Crl2MoV滲氮，其壽命可達(dá)40萬次。因此，在選用材料時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)制件的批量大小，合理選用模具材料。模具工作零件的硬度對(duì)模具壽命的影響也很大。但并不是硬度愈高、模具壽命愈長(zhǎng)。這是因?yàn)橛捕扰c強(qiáng)度、韌性及耐磨性等有密切的關(guān)系。有的沖模要求硬度高，壽命長(zhǎng)。如采用T10鋼制造沖模，硬度為54～58HRC，只沖幾千次，制件毛刺就很大。如果將硬

8、度提高到60～64HRC，則刃磨壽命可達(dá)2～3萬次。但如果繼續(xù)提高硬度，則會(huì)出現(xiàn)早期斷裂。有的沖模硬度不宜過高，如采用Crl2MoV制造凹模硬度為58～62HRC時(shí)，一般壽命為2—3萬件，失效形式是崩刃和開裂以及如果將硬度降到54～58HRC，壽命提高到5～6萬件，但硬度降低到50～53HRC會(huì)出現(xiàn)凹模刃口易磨鈍現(xiàn)象。由此可見，模具硬度必須根據(jù)材料性質(zhì)和失效形式而定。應(yīng)使硬度、強(qiáng)度、韌性及耐磨性、耐疲勞強(qiáng)</p><

9、p>　　3．模具的熱處理質(zhì)量與表面強(qiáng)化對(duì)壽命的影響</p><p>　　模具的熱處理質(zhì)量對(duì)模具的性質(zhì)與使用壽命影響很大。實(shí)踐證明，模具工作零件的淬火變形與開裂，使用過程中早期斷裂，雖然與材料的冶金質(zhì)量、鍛造質(zhì)量、模具結(jié)構(gòu)及加工有關(guān)，但與模具的熱處理關(guān)系更大。根據(jù)模具失效原因的分析統(tǒng)計(jì)，熱處理不當(dāng)引起的失效占50％ 以上。實(shí)踐證明，高級(jí)的模具材料必須配以正確的熱處理工藝，才能真正發(fā)揮材料的潛力。模具工作零件表

10、面強(qiáng)化處理的目的，是獲得外硬內(nèi)韌的效果，從而得到硬度、耐磨性、韌性、耐疲勞強(qiáng)度的良好配合。模具表面強(qiáng)化處理方法很多，表面處理的新技術(shù)工藝發(fā)展很快。除氮碳共滲和離子氮化、滲硼、滲鈮、滲釩、表面鍍硬鉻和電火花強(qiáng)化外，化學(xué)氣相沉積(CVD)和物理氣相沉積(PVD)已逐步采用。經(jīng)CVD和PVD處理后，模具表面覆蓋一層超硬物質(zhì)，如TiC、TiN等。硬度極高、耐磨性、耐蝕性、抗黏合性很好，可提高模具壽命幾倍到幾十倍。</p><

11、p>　　4．沖模零件的制造精度對(duì)模具壽命的影響</p><p>　　沖模制造的精度與使用壽命關(guān)系很大，特別是模具表面粗糙度對(duì)模具影響很大。如用Crl2MoV鋼制造落料模，如果表面粗糙度值R =1．6 m時(shí)，其壽命為3萬件左右。如經(jīng)精拋光，表面粗糙度值R =0．4 m，壽命可提高到4—5萬件。因此，對(duì)模具工作零件表面，一般都要經(jīng)過磨削、研磨、拋光等精加工和精細(xì)加工。</p><p>　

12、　5．其他方面對(duì)模具壽命的影響</p><p>　　(1)壓力機(jī)的精度不高，也易使沖模損壞。</p><p>　　(2)沖模在壓力機(jī)上安裝的正確與否及操作者的技術(shù)水平高低，對(duì)模具壽命也有很大影響。</p><p>　　(3)沖模的保管和維護(hù)好壞，以及使用潤(rùn)滑劑的情況，也影響模具使用壽命。</p><p>　　冷沖模凸凹模間隙控制和調(diào)整方法&l

13、t;/p><p>　　冷沖壓模具凸、凹模間隙的大小和均勻程度直接影響沖裁件的質(zhì)量和模具的使用壽命的長(zhǎng)短。在保證沖裁件間隙時(shí)裝配也是模具制造中十分重要的環(huán)節(jié)，而且裝配質(zhì)量將直接影響凸、凹模的間隙是否均勻。比如加工時(shí)凸、凹模的尺寸精度雖已達(dá)到要求，但是在裝配時(shí)如果調(diào)整不好，就會(huì)造成間隙不均勻，沖出的零件有毛邊。甚至?xí)_出不合格的零件。模具裝配的關(guān)鍵是要控制凸、凹模的相對(duì)位置，以保證凸、凹模的間隙正確、均勻并能沖出合格的零

14、件。1.模具在裝配前應(yīng)關(guān)注的問題[2]  凸、凹模間隙既與模具本身零件的精度有關(guān)，也與裝配時(shí)的裝配工藝是否合理有關(guān)。為了保證凸、凹模的位置正確和間隙均勻，模具從設(shè)計(jì)、加工到裝配整個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)要注意的問題如下： （1）凸、凹模的正確設(shè)計(jì)和制造  設(shè)計(jì)模具時(shí)首先應(yīng)根據(jù)沖裁件的斷面質(zhì)量、模具使用壽命等因素選擇合理的凸、凹模間隙。并要考慮到模具在使用過程中的磨損使間隙增大，一般在設(shè)計(jì)模具時(shí)采用最小合理

15、間隙。并在制造過程中保證模具零件的加工質(zhì)量和精度，在裝配過程中確保凸、凹模間隙均勻，這對(duì)于加工復(fù)雜形狀零件十分關(guān)鍵。 （2）裝配方法的選擇要合理  沖模裝配方法大致包括直接裝配法和配</p><p><b>　?。?）墊片調(diào)整法</b></p><p>　　墊片調(diào)整間隙法簡(jiǎn)便、應(yīng)用廣泛。如圖1所示，合模后墊好等高墊鐵，將墊片包在凸模上使凸

16、模進(jìn)入凹模內(nèi)，觀察凸、凹模的間隙狀況。如果間隙不均勻，用敲擊凸模固定板的方法調(diào)整間隙，然后擰緊上模固定螺釘。最后放紙?jiān)嚊_，觀察切紙上四周毛刺均勻程度，從而判斷凸、凹模間隙是否均勻，再調(diào)整間隙直至沖裁毛刺均勻?yàn)橹?。最后將上模座與固定板配鉆、鉸定位銷孔，并打入銷釘定位。這種方法廣泛適用于沖裁材料較厚的大間隙沖模和彎曲、拉深成形模具的間隙控制。（4）化學(xué)法  當(dāng)凸、凹模的形狀復(fù)雜時(shí)，用上述幾種方法調(diào)整間隙較困難時(shí)，這時(shí)可用

17、化學(xué)方法來控制間隙，常用的是電鍍法。電鍍法是在凸模工作端表面鍍上一層銅或鋅來代替墊片。鍍層厚度與單邊隙相同，刃人凹模孔內(nèi)，檢查上下移動(dòng)無阻滯現(xiàn)象即可裝配緊固。鍍層在沖模使用過程中會(huì)自然脫落，無需去除。此法鍍層均勻，可提高裝配間隙的均勻性。 （5）工藝措施調(diào)整法 采用工藝措施調(diào)整模具間隙主要有2種方法： 1.尺寸法  加工凸模時(shí)，將凸模前端適當(dāng)加長(zhǎng)，加長(zhǎng)段截面尺寸加工到與凹模型孔尺寸相

18、同。裝配時(shí)，使凸模進(jìn)入凹模型孔，自然形成沖裁間隙，然后將凸模連同凸模固定板一起與上模座配</p><p>　　我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀[4]</p><p>　　由于歷史原因形成的“封閉式”、“大而全的企業(yè)特征，我國(guó)大部分企業(yè)均設(shè)有模具車間，處于本廠的配套地位，自70年代末才有了模具工業(yè)化和生產(chǎn)專業(yè)化這個(gè)概念。生產(chǎn)效率不高，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較差。模具行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)小而散亂，跨行業(yè)、投資密集，專業(yè)化、商品化和技

19、術(shù)管理水平都比較低。</p><p>　　據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國(guó)現(xiàn)有模具專業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠、產(chǎn)品廠配套的模具車間（分廠）近17000家，約60萬從業(yè)人員，年模具總產(chǎn)值達(dá)200億元人民幣。但是，我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)有能力只能滿足需求量的60％左右，還不能適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)需要的大型、精密、復(fù)雜和長(zhǎng)壽命的模具還主要依靠進(jìn)口。據(jù)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)，1997年進(jìn)口模具價(jià)值6.3億美元，這還不包括隨設(shè)備一起進(jìn)口的模具；1997年出口模

20、具僅為7800萬美元【5】。目前我國(guó)模具工業(yè)的技術(shù)水平和制造能力，是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和制約經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸。</p><p>　　1. 模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　按照中國(guó)模具工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的劃分，我國(guó)模具基本分為10大類，其中，沖壓模和塑料成型模兩大類占主要部分。按產(chǎn)值計(jì)算，目前我國(guó)沖壓模占50％左右，塑料成形模約占20％，拉絲模（工具）約占10％，而世界上發(fā)達(dá)工

21、業(yè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的塑料成形模比例一般占全部模具產(chǎn)值的40％以上。</p><p>　　我國(guó)沖壓模大多為簡(jiǎn)單模、單工序模和符合模等，精沖模，精密多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模還為數(shù)不多，模具平均壽命不足100萬次，模具最高壽命達(dá)到1億次以上，精度達(dá)到3～5um，有50個(gè)以上的級(jí)進(jìn)工位，與國(guó)際上最高模具壽命6億次，平均模具壽命5000萬次相比，處于80年代中期國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。</p><p>　　我國(guó)的塑料成形模具設(shè)

22、計(jì)，制作技術(shù)起步較晚，整體水平還較低。目前單型腔，簡(jiǎn)單型腔的模具達(dá)70％以上，仍占主導(dǎo)地位。一模多腔精密復(fù)雜的塑料注射模，多色塑料注射模已經(jīng)能初步設(shè)計(jì)和制造。模具平均壽命約為80萬次左右，主要差距是模具零件變形大、溢邊毛刺大、表面質(zhì)量差、模具型腔沖蝕和腐蝕嚴(yán)重、模具排氣不暢和型腔易損等，注射模精度已達(dá)到5um以下，最高壽命已突破2000萬次，型腔數(shù)量已超過100腔，達(dá)到了80年代中期至90年代初期的國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。</p>

23、<p>　　2.模具工業(yè)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　我國(guó)模具工業(yè)目前技術(shù)水平參差不齊，懸殊較大。從總體上來講，與發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家及港臺(tái)地區(qū)先進(jìn)水平相比，還有較大的差距。 在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具方面，無論是應(yīng)用的廣泛性，還是技術(shù)水平上都存在很大的差距。在應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)模具方面，僅有約10%的模具在設(shè)計(jì)中采用了CAD，距拋開繪圖板還有漫長(zhǎng)的一段路要走；在應(yīng)用C

24、AE進(jìn)行模具方案設(shè)計(jì)和分析計(jì)算方面，也才剛剛起步，大多還處于試用和動(dòng)畫游戲階段；在應(yīng)用CAM技術(shù)制造模具方面，一是缺乏先進(jìn)適用的制造裝備，二是現(xiàn)有的工藝設(shè)備（包括近10多年來引進(jìn)的先進(jìn)設(shè)備）或因計(jì)算機(jī)制式（IBM微機(jī)及其兼容機(jī)、HP工作站等）不同，或因字節(jié)差異、運(yùn)算速度差異、抗電磁干擾能力差異等，聯(lián)網(wǎng)率較低，只有5%左右的模具制造設(shè)備近年來才開展這項(xiàng)工作；在應(yīng)用CAPP技術(shù)進(jìn)行工藝規(guī)劃方面，基本上處于空白狀態(tài)，需要進(jìn)行大量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化基礎(chǔ)工

25、作；在模具共性工藝技術(shù)，如模具快速成型技術(shù)、拋光技術(shù)、電鑄成型技術(shù)、表面處理技術(shù)等方面的CAD/CAM技術(shù)應(yīng)用在我國(guó)才剛起步。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助技術(shù)的軟件開發(fā)，尚處于較低水平，需要知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的積累。我國(guó)大部分模具廠、車間</p><p>　　缺乏技術(shù)素質(zhì)較高的模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造工藝技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人，尤其缺乏知識(shí)面寬、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)層次高的復(fù)合型人才。中國(guó)模具行業(yè)中的技術(shù)人員，只占從業(yè)人員的8%~12%左右，且技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人的

26、總體技術(shù)水平也較低。1980年以前從業(yè)的技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人知識(shí)老化，知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的需要；而80年代以后從業(yè)的人員，專業(yè)知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)匱乏，動(dòng)手能力差，不安心，不愿學(xué)技術(shù)。近年來人才外流不僅造成人才數(shù)量與素質(zhì)水平下降，而且人才結(jié)構(gòu)也出現(xiàn)了新的斷層，青黃不接，使得模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造的技術(shù)水平難以提高。</p><p>　　Die Life of cold stamping die and influence[1]&l

27、t;/p><p>　　Die with the life of the workpiece by punching out the number of terms. Many factors affect the life Die. There are die structure design, manufacture molds used in the punch and die materials, die qu

28、ality and surface hardening heat treatment, precision die manufacturing parts and cold stamping materials selection. In addition, there are die installation, adjustment, use and maintenance. 1. Die Design on Life (1) L

29、ayout design of layout methods and take the boundary value a great impact on the </p><p>　　Cold die clearances between control and adjusting method</p><p>　　Cold stamping mould convex, concave d

30、ie size and distribution of the clearance degree directly affect the quality of the blanking pieces and the length of the service life of the die. In guarantee blanking pieces space is mould manufacturing assembly very i

31、mportant link, and assembly quality will directly influence the convex, concave die if the clearance between the uniform. Such as the process of convex, concave die size precision although already meet the requirements,

32、but in assembling if ad</p><p>　　1. Die before assembly the problems that should be paid attention[2] </p><p>　　Convex, concave die and mould parts itself is clearance of the precision, and the

33、assembly of the assembly process is reasonable. In order to ensure that the position of the convex, concave die correctly and gaps even, mould design, processing to assembly from the whole link should pay attention to th

34、e following questions： </p><p>　?。?）Convex, concave die design and manufacture of the right </p><p>　　Design should be based on the above all when die cutting the section of a quality, service l

35、ife of die factors such as the reasonable selection of convex, concave die clearance. And to consider the mould in the process of using that gap wear increases, general in the design the least reasonable clearance when m

36、ould. And in the manufacturing process can ensure the parts processing precision and quality, in the assembly process ensure convex, concave die gap even, this for processing complex shape</p><p>　?。?）Assemb

37、ly method the choice should be reasonable </p><p>　　Die assembly method include roughly assembly method and direct with assembly method. Before the assembly must be carefully study mold assembly drawing, ful

38、l consideration and analysis of the structure characteristics of punching die, die parts processing technology and processing accuracy etc, in order to choose convenient, accurate and reliable assembly method to ensure t

39、he quality of blanking pieces. </p><p>　　2. Convex, concave die gap between the control and adjustment of the method[3] </p><p>　　Convex, concave die clearance control, should according to die s

40、tructure, clearance size, blanking pieces of quality and practical assembly condition to selected. Convex, concave die gap between the control and adjustment method have the following kinds. </p><p>　?。?）Per

41、vious to light method </p><p>　　Will convex, concave die after molmerged, shone a light on the underside, observe the convex, concave die around through light and distribution to judge the size of the cleara

42、nce and uniformity. If not even, to adjust to evenly between fixed again, this method is suitable for small gap plate stamping die. </p><p>　?。?）Feeler method </p><p>　　Will convex, concave die

43、after molmerged, convex, concave die into the thickness of unilateral clearance feeler convex, concave die gaps in each direction. Then tighten the screw on mode. Finally put paper to stamping and will last mould seat an

44、d fixed on board with drilling, reaming positioning pin hole, and at a pin location. </p><p>　?。?）Gaskets DiaoZhengFa </p><p>　　Gasket adjustment method is simple, convenient, clearance is used

45、widely. As shown in figure 1 shows, the mat with good contour mat iron, will gaskets wrapped in the punch to the punch into the concave mould, observe the convex, concave die clearance condition. If clearance does not ev

46、en, with striking the protruding models of fixed plate method clearance adjustment, then tighten the screw on mode. Finally put paper to stamping, observation on paper cutting around burr and even rate to judge whe</p

47、><p>　　(4) Chemical method </p><p>　　When the convex, concave die complex shape, the use of the above several methods more difficult to adjust the gap, the chemical method can be used to control th

48、e gap, the plating method is used. Plating method is the punch in the work surface coated with copper or zinc instead of washers. The plating thickness and unilateral gap is same, blade people concave die hole, and check

49、 the move without block phenomenon can assembly tighten. Coating in use process will die fall off naturally, need not re</p><p>　　(5) Technology DiaoZhengFa measures </p><p>　　The main technolog

50、ical measures to adjust the gap between two kinds of the mould method: </p><p>　　1. Size method </p><p>　　Processing of the punch, will the punch front-end appropriate lengthen, extended period

51、of section size and sunken model hole processing to the same size. Assembly, make the punch into female model hole, natural form the cutting clearance, and then to the punch with fixed together with the punch mould seat

52、on board with the pin for fixed and will last longer period of the punch front can remove form even clearance. </p><p>　　2. Positioning hole method </p><p>　　Process positioning hole method and

53、the inside of the progressive die principle about. Processing, the punch in fixed board and concave die on the same position processing two positioning hole, can will locate hole and the mold cavity a cut out. Assembly,

54、in the positioning hole insert pins to ensure that gap. </p><p>　　(6) Standard model method </p><p>　　According to the drawing wedm in advance in processing a standard model or the qualified sta

55、mping parts, to adjust the assembly put it in between convex, concave die, upper and lower die relative motion can be reasonable degree when appropriate. </p><p>　　(7) Measurement method </p><p>

56、;　　Measuring method of the measuring tool have feeler. A feeler method after the adjustment convex, concave die clearance good uniformity, it is the commonly used method. Assembly, the punch in the concave die in the hol

57、e, convex, concave die according to the size of the clearance choose different specifications of the feeler insert convex, concave die clearance, inspection concave die around the blade gap everywhere, and according to t

58、he measured results adjustment. If the adjustment of the punch </p><p>　　(8) Adjustment method of repair match means</p><p>　　Die in use after period of time, because the convex, concave die nor

59、mal wear and tear. To working parts inspection, if products produce burr, convex, concave die dull and collapse the blade factors, it is because of the convex, concave die clearance for wear changed, namely bigger or not

60、 even. To make the convex, concave die restored to the original gap value out of parts can use the following method to qualified for repair match means. </p><p>　　1. Convex, concave die clearance greaten rep

61、air match means method </p><p>　　General dies in use after period of time, because normal wear will make convex, concave die gap increase gradually, thus to make the work and so on a series of problems produ

62、ced burr. This kind of circumstance, can use first thickness is equal to one of the KuaiGui insert gap between the convex, concave die, if convex, concave die clearance does not too big, the grinding work part of the bla

63、de continue to use, can improve the quality of stamping. When gap value too big when, the recoverable high</p><p>　　2. Convex, concave die clearance does not even repair match means method </p><p&

64、gt;　　Dies after a period of using, clearance does not even can make blunt a local produce burr or the blade was edge chewed. In normal wear punching die, because after wearing precision guide device that reduce convex, c

65、oncave die happen relatively migration, respectively in the guide pin and a guide to cover on the plating chromium layer the restored to its original size, again through the pressure seal the law will remove file high. I

66、f it is due to the pins loosening lose positioning function and c</p><p>　　China's mold industry[4]</p><p>　　Due to historical reasons for the formation of closed, "big and complete&quo

67、t; enterprise features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production. 生產(chǎn)效率不高，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益較

68、差。 Production efficiency is not high, poor economic returns. 模具行業(yè)的生產(chǎn)小而散亂，跨行業(yè)、投資密集，專業(yè)化、商品化和技術(shù)管理水平都比較低。 Mold production industry is small and scattered, cross-industry, capital-intensive, professional, commercia</p>

69、<p>　　據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，全國(guó)現(xiàn)有模具專業(yè)生產(chǎn)廠、產(chǎn)品廠配套的模具車間（分廠）近17000家，約60萬從業(yè)人員，年模具總產(chǎn)值達(dá)200億元人民幣。 According to incomplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold, the product supporting mold factory workshop (factory)

70、 near 17 000, about 600 000 employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. 但是，我國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)有能力只能滿足需求量的60％左右，還不能適應(yīng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。 However, the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of

71、60%, still can not meet the needs of national economic development. 目前，國(guó)</p><p>　　1、模具工業(yè)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)的現(xiàn)狀 1. Research on the Structure of industrial products mold</p><p>　　按照中國(guó)模具工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的劃分，我國(guó)模具基本分為10大類，其中，沖壓

72、模和塑料成型模兩大類占主要部分。 In accordance with the division of China Mould Industry Association, China mold is divided into 10 basic categories, which, stamping die and plastic molding two categories accounted for the main part.

73、按產(chǎn)值計(jì)算，目前我國(guó)沖壓模占50％左右，塑料成形模約占20％，拉絲模（工具）約占10％，而世界上發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的塑料成形模比例一般占全部模具產(chǎn)值的40％以上。 Calculated by output, present, China accounts for about 50% die stamping, plastic molding die about 20%, Wire Drawing Die (Tool) about 10%

74、 of the world's advanced ind</p><p>　　我國(guó)沖壓模大多為簡(jiǎn)單模、單工序模和符合模等，精沖模，精密多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模還為數(shù)不多，模具平均壽命不足100萬次，模具最高壽命達(dá)到1億次以上，精度達(dá)到3～5um，有50個(gè)以上的級(jí)進(jìn)工位，與國(guó)際上最高模具壽命6億次，平均模具壽命5000萬次相比，處于80年代中期國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平。 Most of our stamping die mol

75、d for the simple, single-process mode and meet the molds, precision die, precision multi-position progressive die is also one of the few, die less than 100 million times the average life of the mold reached 100 million t

76、imes the maximum life of more than accuracy 3 ~ 5um, more than 50 progressive station, and the international life o</p><p>　　我國(guó)的塑料成形模具設(shè)計(jì)，制作技術(shù)起步較晚，整體水平還較低。 China's plastic molding mold design, productio

77、n technology started relatively late, the overall level of low. 目前單型腔，簡(jiǎn)單型腔的模具達(dá)70％以上，仍占主導(dǎo)地位。 Currently a single cavity, a simple mold cavity 70%, and still dominant. 一模多腔精密復(fù)雜的塑料注射模，多色塑料注射模已經(jīng)能初步設(shè)計(jì)和制造。A sophisticated multi-

78、cavity mold plastic injection mold, plastic injection mold has been able to multi-color preliminary design and manufacturing. 模具平均壽命約為80萬次左右，主要差距是模具零件變形大、溢邊毛刺大、表面質(zhì)量差、模具型腔沖蝕和腐蝕嚴(yán)重、模具排氣不暢和型腔易損等，注射模精度已達(dá)到5um</p><p&

79、gt;　　2、模具工業(yè)技術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)2 .mold Present Status of Technology</p><p>　　我國(guó)模具工業(yè)目前技術(shù)水平參差不齊，懸殊較大。 Technical level of China's mold industry currently uneven, with wide disparities. 從總體上來講，與發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國(guó)家及港臺(tái)地區(qū)先進(jìn)水平相比，還有較大的差距。

80、 Generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan advanced level, there is a large gap. 在采用CAD/CAM/CAE/CAPP等技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與制造模具方面，無論是應(yīng)用的廣泛性，還是技術(shù)水平上都存在很大的差距。 The use of CAD / CAM / CAE / CAPP and

81、 other technical design and manufacture molds, both wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. 在應(yīng)用CAD技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)模具方面，僅</p><p>　　缺乏技術(shù)素質(zhì)較高的模具設(shè)計(jì)、制造工藝技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人，尤其缺乏知識(shí)面寬、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)層次高的復(fù)合型人才。 Lack

82、 of technology of high-quality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of compound talents. 中國(guó)模具行業(yè)中的技術(shù)人員，只占從業(yè)人員的8%~12%左右，且

83、技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人的總體技術(shù)水平也較低。 China's mold industry and technical personnel, only 8% of employees 12%, and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the overall skill level. 1980年以前從業(yè)的技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人知識(shí)老化，知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)不能適應(yīng)現(xiàn)在的需要；而

84、80年代以后</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1]陸茵. 冷沖模具使用壽命的影響及對(duì)策[J] 金屬加工（冷加工） 1950 46-47.</p><p>　　[2]謝昱北. 《模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造》.2005年 北京 北京大學(xué)出版社.</p><p>　　[3]薛獸翔. 《沖壓模具與制造》

85、.2004年 北京 北京化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社.</p><p>　　[4]洪麗華.陳永祿. 中國(guó)模具工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀和模具技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J]  機(jī)電技術(shù).2007年 第二期 96-98</p><p>　　[5] CHEN Zhi-ming ZHANG Hai-ou WANG Gui-lan. China's mold industry current situation and d