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1、<p> ?。?2009 屆畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì))</p><p><b>  外文翻譯原文及譯文</b></p><p>  2009年 4 月</p><p> 學(xué) 院(部):計(jì)算機(jī)與通信學(xué)院 </p><p> 專(zhuān) 業(yè):計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)

2、 </p><p> 學(xué) 生 姓 名:</p><p> 班 級(jí):</p><p> 指導(dǎo)教師姓名:職稱(chēng) 副教授 </p><p>  The Semantic Web: An Overview</p><p>  Data Independ

3、ence</p><p>  An important point about database systems is that the database should exist independently of any of the specific applications. Traditional data processing applications are data dependent. COBOL

4、 programs contain file descriptions and record descriptions that carefully describe the format and characteristics of the data.</p><p>  Users should be able to change the structure of the database without a

5、ffecting the applications that use it. For example, suppose that the requirements of your applications change. A simple example would be expanding ZIP codes from five digits to nine digits. On a traditional approach usin

6、g COBOL programs each individual COBOL application program that used that particular field would have to be changed, recompiled, and retested. The programs would be unable to recognize or access a file that had</p>

7、<p>  Most database programs provide the ability to change the database structure by simply changing the ZIP code field and the data-entry form. In this case, data independence allows for minimal disruption of cur

8、rent and existing applications. Users can continue to work and can even ignore the nine-digit code if they choose. Eventually, the file will be converted to the new nine-digit ZIP code, but the ease with which the change

9、over takes place emphasizes the importance of data independence.</p><p>  Data Integrity</p><p>  Data integrity refers to the accuracy, correctness, or validity of the data in the database. In

10、a database system, data integrity means safeguarding the data against invalid alteration or destruction arise. The first has to do with many users accessing the database concurrently. For example, if thousands of travel

11、agents and airline reservation clerks are accessing the database concurrently. For example, if thousands of travel agents and airline reservation clerks are accessing the same database</p><p>  The second co

12、mplication relates to hardwires, software, or human error during the course of processing and involves database transactions treated as a single . For example, an agent booking an airline reservation involves several dat

13、abase updates (i.e., adding the passenger’s name and address and updating the seats-available field), which comprise a single transaction. The database transaction is not considered to be completed until all updates have

14、 been completed; otherwise, none of the updates</p><p>  Data Security</p><p>  Data security refers to the protection of a database against unauthorized or illegal access or modification. For e

15、xample, a high-level password might allow a user to read from, write to, and modify the database structure, whereas a low-level password history of the modifications to a database-can be used to identify where and when a

16、 database was tampered with and it can also be used to restore the file to its original condition.</p><p>  Choosing between Oracle and SQL Server</p><p>  I have to decide between using the Ora

17、cle database and WebDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server with Visual Studio. This choice will guide our future Web projects. What are the strong points of each of these combinations and what are the negatives?</p><p>

18、;  Lori: Making your decision will depend on what you already have. For instance, if you want to implement a Web-based database application and you are a Windows-only shop, SQL Server and the Visual Studio package would

19、be fine. But the Oracle solution would be better with mixed platforms.</p><p>  There are other things to consider, such as what extras you get and what skills are required. WebDB is a content management and

20、 development tool that can be used by content creators, database administrators, and developers without any programming experience. WebDB is a browser-based tool that helps ease content creation and provides monitoring a

21、nd maintenance tools. This is a good solution for organizations already using Oracle. Oracle also scales better than SQL Server, but you will need to hav</p><p>  The SQL Sever/Visual Studio approach is more

22、 difficult to use and requires an experienced object-oriented programmer or some extensive training. However, you do get a fistful of development tools with Visual Studio: Visual Basic, Visual C++, and Visual InterDev fo

23、r only $1,619. Plus, you will have to add the cost of the SQL Server, which will run you $1,999 for 10 clients or $3,999 for 25 clients-a less expensive solution than Oracle’s.</p><p>  Oracle also has a pac

24、kage solution that starts at $6,767, depending on the platform selected. The Oracle.com suite includes not only WebDB and Oracle8i but also other tools for development such as the Oracle application server, JDeveloper, a

25、nd Workplace Templates, and the suite runs on more platforms than the Microsoft solution does. This can be a good solution if you are a start-up or a small to midsize business. Buying these tools in a package is less cos

26、tly than purchasing them individually.</p><p>  Much depends on your skill level, hardware resources, and budget. I hope this helps in your decision-making.</p><p>  Brooks: I totally agree that

27、 this decision depends in large part on what infrastructure and expertise you already have. If the decision is close, you need to figure out who’s going to be doing the work and what your priorities are.</p><p

28、>  These two products have different approaches, and they reflect the different personalities of the two vendors. In general, Oracle products are designed for very professional development efforts by top-notch program

29、mers and project leaders. The learning period is fairly long, and the solution is pricey; but if you stick it out you will ultimately have greater scalability and greater reliability.</p><p>  If your projec

30、t has tight deadlines and you don’t have the time and/or money to hire a team of very expensive, very experienced developers, you may find that the Oracle solution is an easy way to get yourself in trouble. There’s nothi

31、ng worse than a poorly developed Oracle application.</p><p>  What Microsoft offers is a solution that’s aimed at rapid development and low-cost implementation. The tools are cheaper, the servers you’ll run

32、it on are cheaper, and the developers you need will be cheaper. Choosing SQL Sever and Visual Studio is an excellent way to start fast.</p><p>  Of course, there are trade-offs. The key problem I have with V

33、isual Studio and SQL Server is that you’ll be tied to Microsoft operating systems and Intel hardware. If the day comes when you need to support hundreds of thousands of users, you really don’t have anywhere to go other t

34、han buying hundreds of servers, which is a management nightmare.</p><p>  If you go with the Microsoft approach, it sounds like you may not need more than Visual Interdev. If you already know that you’re goi

35、ng to be developing ActiveX components in Visual Basic or Visual C++, that’s warning sign that maybe you should look at the Oracle solution more closely.</p><p>  I want to emphasize that, although these pla

36、tforms have their relative strengths and weaknesses, if you do it right you can build a world-class application on either one. So if you have an organizational bias toward one of the vendors, by all means go with it. If

37、you’re starting out from scratch, you’re going to have to ask yourself whether your organization leans more toward perfectionism or pragmatism, and realize that both “isms” have their faults.</p><p>  Databa

38、se Management Features of Oracle</p><p>  Oracle includes many features that make the database easier to manage. We’ve divided the discussion in this section into three categories: Oracle Enterprise Manager,

39、 add-on packs, backup and recovery.</p><p>  1.Oracle Enterprise Manager</p><p>  As part of every Database Server, Oracle provides the Oracle Enterprise Manager (EM), a database management tool

40、 framework with a graphical interface used to manage database users, instances, and features (such as replication) that can provide additional information about the Oracle environment.</p><p>  Prior to the

41、Oracle8i database, the EM software had to be installed on Windows 95/98 or NT-based systems and each repository could be accessed by only a single database manager at a time. Now you can use EM from a browser or load it

42、onto Windows 95/98/2000 or NT-based systems. Multiple database administrators can access the EM repository at the same time. In the EM repository for Oracle9i, the super administrator can define services that should be d

43、isplayed on other administrators’ consoles, and</p><p>  2. Add-on packs</p><p>  Several optional add-on packs are available for Oracle, as described in the following sections. In addition to t

44、hese database-management packs, management packs are available for Oracle Applications and for SAP R/3.</p><p>  (1) standard Management Pack </p><p>  The Standard Management Pack for Oracle pr

45、ovides tools for the management of small Oracle databases (e.g., Oracle Server/Standard Edition). Features include support for performance monitoring of database contention, I/O, load, memory use and instance metrics, se

46、ssion analysis, index tuning, and change investigation and tracking.</p><p>  (2) Diagnostics Pack </p><p>  You can use the Diagnostic Pack to monitor, diagnose, and maintain the health of Ente

47、rprise Edition databases, operating systems, and applications. With both historical and real-time analysis, you can automatically avoid problems before they occur. The pack also provides capacity planning features that h

48、elp you plan and track future system-resource requirements. </p><p>  (3) Tuning Pack</p><p>  With the Tuning Pack, you can optimise system performance by identifying and tuning Enterprise Edit

49、ion databases and application bottlenecks such as inefficient SQL, poor data design, and the improper use of system resources. The pack can proactively discover tuning opportunities and automatically generate the analysi

50、s and required changes to tune the systems. </p><p>  (4) Change Management Pack</p><p>  The Change Management Pack helps eliminate errors and loss of data when upgrading Enterprise Edition dat

51、abases to support new applications. It impact and complex dependencies associated with application changes and automatically perform database upgrades. Users can initiate changes with easy-to-use wizards that teach the s

52、ystematic steps necessary to upgrade.</p><p>  (5) Availability</p><p>  Oracle Enterprise Manager can be used for managing Oracle Standard Edition and/or Enterprise Edition. Additional function

53、ality is provided by separate Diagnostics, Tuning, and Change Management Packs.</p><p><b>  語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)概述</b></p><p><b>  數(shù)據(jù)獨(dú)立性 </b></p><p>  重要的一點(diǎn)是,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)獨(dú)立存在的任

54、何特定的應(yīng)用。傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)處理應(yīng)如果你與微軟的做法,這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像你可能不需要超過(guò)Visual InterDev中。如果您已經(jīng)知道,你們將ActiveX元件發(fā)展中國(guó)家在Visual Basic或Visual C + + ,這是警告跡象,也許你應(yīng)該看看甲骨文的解決方案更加緊密。 </p><p>  我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,雖然這些平臺(tái)有其相對(duì)長(zhǎng)處和短處,如果你是做正確的,您可以建立一個(gè)世界級(jí)的應(yīng)用的任何一個(gè)。所以,如果你有一個(gè)組

55、織偏向一個(gè)供應(yīng)商,通過(guò)各種手段去的。如果您已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了從無(wú)到有,你將不得不問(wèn)自己,是否你的組織更多的完美主義傾向或?qū)嵱弥髁x,實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)“主義”有其缺點(diǎn)。用的數(shù)據(jù)依賴(lài)。包含文件的COBOL程序的描述和記錄說(shuō)明,仔細(xì)說(shuō)明的形式和特點(diǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)。 用戶(hù)應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠改變的結(jié)構(gòu),在不影響數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的應(yīng)用程序,使用它。例如,假設(shè)要求您的應(yīng)用程序的變化。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子將擴(kuò)大郵政編碼從五位數(shù)到9個(gè)數(shù)字。在傳統(tǒng)的方法使用的COBOL程序每一個(gè)人的COBOL應(yīng)用程序使

56、用特定的領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該進(jìn)行修改,重新編譯,并重新測(cè)試。該計(jì)劃將無(wú)法承認(rèn)或存取檔案已經(jīng)改變,載有一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)描述;這反過(guò)來(lái)又可能導(dǎo)致混亂的處理,除非改變了精心策劃。 庫(kù)程序提供的能力,改變數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)結(jié)構(gòu)的只是更換郵政編碼外地和數(shù)據(jù)輸入形式。在這種情況下,數(shù)據(jù)獨(dú)立性允許的干擾最小化當(dāng)前和現(xiàn)有的應(yīng)用程序。用戶(hù)可以繼續(xù)工作,甚至可以忽略9位數(shù)代碼如果他們選擇。最后,該文件將被轉(zhuǎn)換為新的九位數(shù)郵政編碼,但容易在發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的重要性,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)據(jù)的獨(dú)立&

57、lt;/p><p><b>  數(shù)據(jù)完整性</b></p><p>  如果你與微軟的做法,這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像你可能不需要超過(guò)Visual InterDev中。如果您已經(jīng)知道,你們將ActiveX元件發(fā)展中國(guó)家在Visual Basic或Visual C + + ,這是警告跡象,也許你應(yīng)該看看甲骨文的解決方案更加緊密。 </p><p>  我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,

58、雖然這些平臺(tái)有其相對(duì)長(zhǎng)處和短處,如果你是做正確的,您可以建立一個(gè)世界級(jí)的應(yīng)用的任何一個(gè)。所以,如果你有一個(gè)組織偏向一個(gè)供應(yīng)商,通過(guò)各種手段去的。如果您已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了從無(wú)到有,你將不得不問(wèn)自己,是否你的組織更多的完美主義傾向或?qū)嵱弥髁x,實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)“主義”有其缺點(diǎn)。</p><p><b>  數(shù)據(jù)安全</b></p><p>  如果你與微軟的做法,這聽(tīng)起來(lái)像你可能不需要超

59、過(guò)Visual InterDev中。如果您已經(jīng)知道,你們將ActiveX元件發(fā)展中國(guó)家在Visual Basic或Visual C + + ,這是警告跡象,也許你應(yīng)該看看甲骨文的解決方案更加緊密。 </p><p>  我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,雖然這些平臺(tái)有其相對(duì)長(zhǎng)處和短處,如果你是做正確的,您可以建立一個(gè)世界級(jí)的應(yīng)用的任何一個(gè)。所以,如果你有一個(gè)組織偏向一個(gè)供應(yīng)商,通過(guò)各種手段去的。如果您已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了從無(wú)到有,你將不得不問(wèn)

60、自己,是否你的組織更多的完美主義傾向或?qū)嵱弥髁x,實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)“主義”有其缺點(diǎn)。我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,雖然這些平臺(tái)有其相對(duì)長(zhǎng)處和短處,如果你是做正確的,您可以建立一個(gè)世界級(jí)的應(yīng)用的任何一個(gè)。所以,如果你有一個(gè)組織偏向一個(gè)供應(yīng)商,通過(guò)各種手段去的。如果您已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了從無(wú)到有,你將不得不問(wèn)自己,是否你的組織更多的完美主義傾向或?qū)嵱弥髁x,實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)“主義”有其缺點(diǎn)。我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,雖然這些平臺(tái)有其相對(duì)長(zhǎng)處和短處,如果你是做正確的,您可以建立一個(gè)世界級(jí)的應(yīng)用的

61、任何一個(gè)。所以,如果你有一個(gè)組織偏向一個(gè)供應(yīng)商,通過(guò)各種手段去的。如果您已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了從無(wú)到有,你將不得不問(wèn)自己,是否你的組織更多的完美主義傾向或?qū)嵱弥髁x,實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)“主義”有其缺點(diǎn)。我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,雖然這些平臺(tái)有其相對(duì)長(zhǎng)處和短處,如果你是做正確的,您可以建立一個(gè)世界級(jí)的應(yīng)用的任何一個(gè)。所以,如果你有一個(gè)組織偏向一個(gè)供應(yīng)商,通過(guò)各種手段去的。如果您已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了從無(wú)到有,</p><p>  我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,雖然這些平臺(tái)有其

62、相對(duì)長(zhǎng)處和短處,如果你是做正確的,您可以建立一個(gè)世界級(jí)的應(yīng)用的任何一個(gè)。所以,如果你有一個(gè)組織偏向一個(gè)供應(yīng)商,通過(guò)各種手段去的。如果您已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了從無(wú)到有,你將不得不問(wèn)自己,是否你的組織更多的完美主義傾向或?qū)嵱弥髁x,實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)“主義”有其缺點(diǎn)。</p><p>  Oracle 和 SQL Server 的比較選擇</p><p>  我不得不決定是使用Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及其數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng),

63、還是選擇配有Visual Studio的Microsoft SQL Server。這個(gè)決策將決定我們今后Web項(xiàng)目的方向。這兩種組合各有什么優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)呢?</p><p>  Lori: 決定選擇哪種方案將取決于你目前的工作平臺(tái)。例如,如果你想實(shí)現(xiàn)一種基于Web的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)應(yīng)用,而且你的工作平臺(tái)只是Windows,那么SQL Sever和Visual Studio 組件就是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇。但是對(duì)于混合平臺(tái),則最好選擇

64、Oracle解決方案。</p><p>  還要考慮一些其他的因素,例如你可以獲得哪些額外的功能以及需要哪些技術(shù)。WebDB是一種內(nèi)容管理和開(kāi)發(fā)工具。WebDB是一種基于瀏覽器的工具,有利于方便地創(chuàng)建內(nèi)容,以及提供導(dǎo)航和維護(hù)工具。這對(duì)于已經(jīng)使用Oracle的機(jī)構(gòu)則是一個(gè)很好的解決方案。Oracle比SQL Server更易于調(diào)整,但你需要身邊有一個(gè)稱(chēng)職的Oracle管理員。</p><p>

65、;  SQL Server/Visual Studio方法相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)較難使用,需要一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的面向?qū)ο蟮木幊倘藛T或一些全面的訓(xùn)練。但是,你只要花上1619美元就可以獲得許多Visual Studio的開(kāi)發(fā)工具:Visual Basic,Visual C++,以及Visual InterDev。另外,你需要再加上SQL Server的費(fèi)用,1999美元就可以擁有10個(gè)客戶(hù)端,或用3999美元獲得25個(gè)客戶(hù)端-與Oracle的費(fèi)用相比則便宜些

66、。</p><p>  Oracle也有一個(gè)組件解決方案,根據(jù)所選擇平臺(tái)的不同,費(fèi)用也不同,最低為6767美元。Oracle.com套件不僅包括WebDB和Oracle8,還包括其他的開(kāi)發(fā)工具,如Oracle應(yīng)用服務(wù)器、JDeveloper和iWorkplace模板,該套件與Microsoft 方案相比能運(yùn)行在更多的平臺(tái)上。如果你剛創(chuàng)業(yè)或是一個(gè)小型或中型企業(yè),則Oracle套件是一個(gè)很好的選擇方案。以組件的形式購(gòu)

67、買(mǎi)這些工具要比單獨(dú)采購(gòu)的花費(fèi)要少些。</p><p>  對(duì)這兩種方案的選擇主要取決于你的技術(shù)水平、硬件資源和資金預(yù)算。我希望以上所說(shuō)的能對(duì)你的決策有一定幫助。</p><p>  Brooks: 我完全同意對(duì)這種方案的選擇在很大程度上取決于你目前所配有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和所具有的專(zhuān)門(mén)技術(shù)。如果很難做出抉擇,你就需要考慮由誰(shuí)來(lái)做這項(xiàng)工作,以及你的重點(diǎn)是什么。</p><p>

68、;  這兩種產(chǎn)品采用不同的方法,并反映出這兩個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)商的不同特點(diǎn)。Oracle是為那些優(yōu)秀的程序員和項(xiàng)目負(fù)責(zé)人進(jìn)行的專(zhuān)業(yè)化開(kāi)發(fā)而設(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間校長(zhǎng),該方案的費(fèi)用也較高;但是如果你堅(jiān)持下去,最終就會(huì)獲得更好的靈活性,以及更高的可靠性。</p><p>  如果你的項(xiàng)目時(shí)間很緊,而且你沒(méi)有時(shí)間或金錢(qián)來(lái)雇傭一個(gè)花銷(xiāo)很大、經(jīng)驗(yàn)非常豐富的開(kāi)發(fā)隊(duì)伍,你也許會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)選擇Oracle方案會(huì)很容易使你陷入困境。沒(méi)有比開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)質(zhì)量

69、很差的Oracle應(yīng)用程序更糟糕的了。</p><p>  Microsoft 所提供的解決方案則致力于快速開(kāi)發(fā)和低本實(shí)現(xiàn)。開(kāi)發(fā)工具、服務(wù)器、以及你所需要的開(kāi)發(fā)人員的花費(fèi)都比較少。若要使項(xiàng)目快速啟動(dòng),選擇SQL Server和Visual Studio則是很好的方式。</p><p>  當(dāng)然,有得必有失。在使用Visual Studio 和SQL Server 的過(guò)程中,我所遇到的主要問(wèn)

70、題就是,只能使用Microsoft 操作系統(tǒng)和Intel硬件。如果有一天你需要支持成百上千個(gè)用戶(hù),你除了購(gòu)買(mǎi)上百個(gè)服務(wù)器而外別無(wú)他法,這會(huì)給管理帶來(lái)很大麻煩。</p><p>  如果你采用Microsoft 方法,就表明你可能只需要Visual Interdev即可。如果你已經(jīng)知道你將開(kāi)發(fā)Visual Basic或Visual C++里的ActiveX組件這就是一個(gè)預(yù)示,表明你需要更多的來(lái)考慮Oracle的解決

71、方案。</p><p>  我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,盡管這兩種平臺(tái)有它們各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn),如果你使用正確,你用任何一個(gè)都可以設(shè)計(jì)出具有世界水平的應(yīng)用程序。如果你的組織傾向于某種產(chǎn)品,一定要跟隨這種趨向。如果你是從零起點(diǎn)開(kāi)始,就需要問(wèn)問(wèn)自己,你的組織是更傾向于完美主義還是實(shí)用主義,并要清楚這兩種主義都有缺點(diǎn)。</p><p>  Oracle的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理功能</p><p> 

72、 Oracle 包括許多使數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)易于管理的功能,分三部分討論:Oracle 企業(yè)管理器、附加包、備份和恢復(fù)。</p><p>  Oracle 企業(yè)管理器</p><p>  和任何數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器一樣,Oracle 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器包括以下部分:Oracle 企業(yè)管理器(IM)、一個(gè)帶有圖形接口的用于管理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)用戶(hù)、實(shí)例和提供Oracle 環(huán)境等附加信息功能(如:復(fù)制)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理工具框架。&l

73、t;/p><p>  在Oracle8i數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之前,EM 軟件必須安裝在Windows95/98或者基于NT 的系統(tǒng)中,而且每個(gè)庫(kù)每次只能由一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理者訪問(wèn)。如今你可以通過(guò)瀏覽器或者把EM 裝入Window95/98/2000 或基于NT 的系統(tǒng)中來(lái)使用EM。多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理員可以同時(shí)訪問(wèn)EM庫(kù)。在Oracle9i的EM版中,超級(jí)管理員可以定義在普通管理員的控制臺(tái)上顯示的服務(wù),并能建立管理區(qū)域。</p>

74、<p><b>  附加包</b></p><p>  正如下面所描述的那樣,Oracle可使用一些可選的附加包,還有用于Oracle應(yīng)用程序和SAP R/3的管理包。</p><p><b>  (1) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理包</b></p><p>  Oracle的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理包提供了用于小型Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的管理工

75、具(如:Oracle服務(wù)器/標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版)。功能包括:對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)爭(zhēng)用、輸入/輸出、裝載、內(nèi)存使用和實(shí)例、對(duì)話分析、索引調(diào)整進(jìn)行監(jiān)控,并改變調(diào)查和跟蹤。</p><p><b>  (2) 診斷包</b></p><p>  利用診斷包,可以監(jiān)控、診斷及維護(hù)企業(yè)版數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用程序的安全。用有關(guān)歷史和實(shí)時(shí)的分析,可自動(dòng)的在問(wèn)題發(fā)生前將其消除。診斷包還提供空間管理功能,有

76、助于對(duì)未來(lái)系統(tǒng)資源需要的計(jì)劃和跟蹤。</p><p><b>  (3) 調(diào)整包</b></p><p>  利用調(diào)整包,可確定并調(diào)整企業(yè)版數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的瓶頸,如效率低的SQL、很差的數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)資源的不當(dāng)使用,從而優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)性能。調(diào)整包能提前發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)整時(shí)機(jī),并自動(dòng)生成分析和需求變化來(lái)調(diào)整系統(tǒng)。</p><p><b>  (4)

77、變化管理包</b></p><p>  變化管理包在升級(jí)企業(yè)版數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)幫助排錯(cuò)和避免丟失數(shù)據(jù),以達(dá)到支持新的應(yīng)用程序的目的。該包能分析與應(yīng)用程序變動(dòng)有關(guān)的影響和復(fù)雜依賴(lài)關(guān)系并自動(dòng)升級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。用戶(hù)可使用一種簡(jiǎn)單的向?qū)О幢匾牟襟E來(lái)升級(jí)。</p><p><b>  (5) 可用性</b></p><p>  Oracle 企業(yè)管理器可

78、用管理Oracle標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版或企業(yè)版。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版中,用于診斷、調(diào)整和改變實(shí)例的附加功能由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理包提供。對(duì)于企業(yè)版,這些附加的功能由單獨(dú)的診斷包、調(diào)整包和變化管理包提供。</p><p>  碩士論文 是碩士研究生所撰寫(xiě)的學(xué)術(shù)論文,具有一定的理論深度和更高的學(xué)術(shù)水平,更加強(qiáng)調(diào)作者思想觀點(diǎn)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性,以及研究成果應(yīng)具備更強(qiáng)的實(shí)用價(jià)值和更高的科學(xué)價(jià)值。碩士論文是碩士研究生所撰寫(xiě)的學(xué)術(shù)論文。優(yōu)秀的碩士論文能夠反映出作者對(duì)所學(xué)習(xí)

79、專(zhuān)業(yè)的理論知識(shí)掌握的程度和水平,能夠幫助作者構(gòu)建起良好的完整的知識(shí)體系,還能夠反映作者獨(dú)立的科研能力和學(xué)術(shù)理論的應(yīng)用水平,對(duì)研究的課題的思考和獨(dú)立見(jiàn)解。較之學(xué)士論文,碩士論文應(yīng)當(dāng)具有一定的理論深度和更高的學(xué)術(shù)水平,更加強(qiáng)調(diào)作者思想觀點(diǎn)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性,以及研究成果應(yīng)具備更強(qiáng)的實(shí)用價(jià)值和更高的科學(xué)價(jià)值。因而撰寫(xiě)碩士論文將對(duì)作者提出更高的要求——數(shù)據(jù)資料翔實(shí)充分、論證分析詳盡縝密、推理演算思路清晰、論文結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范清晰、專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確。</p&

80、gt;<p>  電路與系統(tǒng) 學(xué)科研究電路與系統(tǒng)的理論、分析、測(cè)試、設(shè)計(jì)和物理實(shí)現(xiàn)。它是信息與通信工程和電子科學(xué)與技術(shù)這兩個(gè)學(xué)科之間的橋梁,又是信號(hào)與信息處理、通信、控制、計(jì)算機(jī)乃至電力、電子等諸方面研究和開(kāi)發(fā)的理論與技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。因?yàn)殡娐放c系統(tǒng)學(xué)科的有力支持,才使得利用現(xiàn)代電子科學(xué)技術(shù)和最新元器件實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)雜、高性能的各種信息和通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)與系統(tǒng)成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。信息與通訊產(chǎn)業(yè)的高速發(fā)展以及微電子器件集成規(guī)模的迅速增大,使得電子電路與系統(tǒng)

81、走向數(shù)字化、集成化、多維化。電路與系統(tǒng)學(xué)科理論逐步由經(jīng)典向現(xiàn)代過(guò)渡,同時(shí)和信息與通訊工程、計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)、生物電子學(xué)等學(xué)科交疊,相互</p><p>  滲透,形成一系列的邊緣、交叉學(xué)科,如新的微處理器設(shè)計(jì)、各種軟、硬件數(shù)字信號(hào)處理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)及其硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)等。 </p><p>  廣告提案 廣告提案 廣告提案的準(zhǔn)備工作 創(chuàng)意、表現(xiàn)提案 廣告實(shí)施計(jì)劃提案 策略提案 廣告策劃大師

82、 廣告策劃的含義、特點(diǎn)及作用 廣告策劃的內(nèi)容和程序 廣告策劃的基本原則 廣告調(diào)查與分析 廣告市場(chǎng)調(diào)查的內(nèi)容 廣告市場(chǎng)調(diào)查的步驟 廣告市場(chǎng)調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的構(gòu)成設(shè)計(jì) 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分與產(chǎn)品定位 市場(chǎng)細(xì)分 產(chǎn)品定位 廣告戰(zhàn)略策劃 廣告預(yù)算策劃 廣告創(chuàng)意 廣告文案創(chuàng)意 第一節(jié) 平面廣告創(chuàng)意 廣播廣告創(chuàng)意 電視廣告創(chuàng)意  網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告創(chuàng)意 廣告媒體與渠道策劃 廣告推進(jìn)程序策劃 廣告實(shí)施策略 廣告效果評(píng)估 廣告策劃文案寫(xiě)作 廣告策劃書(shū)的編制技巧</p>

83、<p>  可行性研究報(bào)告 行業(yè)分析報(bào)告 可行性研究 可行性報(bào)告 項(xiàng)目可行性報(bào)告 行業(yè)調(diào)查報(bào)告 可行性報(bào)告格式 調(diào)查報(bào)告 報(bào)告格式 辭職報(bào)告 述職報(bào)告 實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告 社會(huì)實(shí)踐報(bào)告 報(bào)告范文 申請(qǐng)報(bào)告</p><p>  材料加工碩士論文,主要介紹液態(tài)金屬的成型工藝、金屬焊接成型和材料表面處理工程。具體包括:液態(tài)金屬的工藝性能、砂型鑄造、鑄造工藝設(shè)計(jì)、鑄造工藝CAD/CAE、電弧的特性、焊絲的熔滴過(guò)渡、焊縫

84、成形、埋弧焊、氬弧焊、二氧化碳?xì)怏w保護(hù)焊、等離子弧焊、熱噴涂、氣相沉積、激光表面工程技術(shù)等。是碩士研究生所撰寫(xiě)的學(xué)術(shù)論文,具有一定的理論深度和更高的學(xué)術(shù)水平,更加強(qiáng)調(diào)作者思想觀點(diǎn)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性,以及研究成果應(yīng)具備更強(qiáng)的實(shí)用價(jià)值和更高的科學(xué)價(jià)值。</p><p>  試卷分析 中學(xué)試卷 高中試卷 高考試卷 英語(yǔ)四級(jí)試卷 成人高考試卷 考卷 公務(wù)員考試 小學(xué)試卷 中考試卷 高考試卷 高考試卷 數(shù)學(xué)試卷 英語(yǔ)試卷 語(yǔ)文試卷

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