practicalinternationaltrade

1、School of International Economics,Chapter 4: Packing of Goods,商品的包裝,School of International Economics,A: Function of Packing,Function of PackingProtect the goods in the circulation fieldConvenient for storing, taking c

2、are of, transporting, loading, unloading and calculatingStrong packing can prevent the goods from being stolen and damagedReasonable packing can lessen shipping space and save freightMarketing packing(銷售包裝) makes it c

3、onvenient for consumers to select, carry, or use the goodsMarketing packing can also beautify the commodity,School of International Economics,B: Kinds of Packing,3 kinds of Cargoes:Nude CargoCargo in BulkPacked Cargo

4、,School of International Economics,B: Kinds of Packing,1. Nude Cargo (裸裝貨)Refers to those kinds of cargoes whose qualities are more stable. They are not easy to be influenced by outside circumstances and they become sin

5、gle pieces of their own. They are difficult to be packed or do not need any packing.Example: such as steel products, lead ingot(錠鐵), timber(木材), rubber(橡膠), etc.,School of International Economics,B:

6、Kinds of Packing,2. Cargo in Bulk (散裝貨)Refers to those cargoes which are shipped on the conveyance (運輸工具) in bulk.Example: such as oil, ore (礦石), grain, coal, etc.,School of International Economics,B

7、: Kinds of Packing,3. Packed Cargo (包裝貨)Refers to those which need shipping packing, marketing packing or both. Shipping Packing Marketing Packing,School of International Economics,B: Kinds of Packing,3.1 Shipping Pac

8、king (運輸包裝)Shipping packing is also called big packing (大包裝) or outside packing (外包裝). Single Piece Packing Collective Packing,School of International Economics,3.1 Shipping Packing,Single Piece Packing (單件包裝)The car

9、goes are packed as a single unit, i.e., a measuring unit, in the transportation process.According to style: Cases, drums, bags, bales(大包), bundles(捆), etc.According to material: Cartons, wooden cases, iron drums, woode

10、n casks(木桶), plastic casks, paper bags, gunny bags(麻布袋), plastic bags, etc.,School of International Economics,3.1 Shipping Packing,Collective Packing (集合包裝)Collective packing is also called group shipping packing by whi

11、ch a certain number of single pieces are grouped together to form a big packing or are packed in a big container. Container Pallet Flexible Container,School of International Economics,Collective Packing,Container (集裝箱

12、)A kind of tool used for transportation which can be thought of as a particular shipping packing of the cargo, and can be regarded as a component part of the conveyance as well, usually provided by the ship company to g

13、o around. 8`x 8`x 20` feet container 8`x 8`x 40` feet container,School of International Economics,Collective Packing,Example of 20` Container (20英尺集裝箱),School of International Economics,Container,8`x 8`x 20` Feet Conta

14、iner (20英尺集裝箱) Loading capacity: 18 M/T (max.) Volume: usu. 31- 35 cubic meters TEU (Twenty-feet Equivalent Unit)集裝箱計算單位 When calculating the circulating quantity of container, we often take the 20-feet con

15、tainer as a measuring unit, i.e., TEU to indicate it, it means “being equal to a 20-feet unit”.,School of International Economics,Collective Packing,Example of Container (40英尺集裝箱),School of International Econ

16、omics,Container,Kinds of ContainersDry Container: (普通集裝箱，又稱干貨集裝箱) Used for carrying general cargoes.,School of International Economics,Container,Example of Dry Container,School of International Economics,Containe

17、r,Kinds of ContainersRefrigerator Container:(冷凍集裝箱) There is freezing equipment in the container. The temperature can be adjusted from -28℃ ~ +26℃.,School of International Economics,Container,

18、Example of Refrigerator Container,School of International Economics,Container,Kinds of ContainersFrame Container: (框架集裝箱 ) There is no top part and two flank walls on the container. Cargoes can be loaded

19、 into or lifted out of the container through the two side-frames.,School of International Economics,Container,Example of Frame Container: (框架集裝箱 ),School of International Economics,Container,Kinds of Con

20、tainersOpen Top Container: (開頂集裝箱 ) The open top container does not have the top part. Cargoes can be loaded or unloaded through the top of the container by elevating equipment. It i

21、s suitable for carrying extra-big cargoes.,School of International Economics,Container,Example of Open Top Container,School of International Economics,Container,Kinds of ContainersPen Container: (牲畜集裝箱 ) T

22、he two sides of this kind of container are covered by metal nets, which makes it convenient to feed the live- stock and ventilate (通風) the container.,School of International Economics,Co

23、ntainer,Example of Pen Container (牲畜集裝箱 ),School of International Economics,Container,Kinds of ContainersTank Container: (罐式集裝箱 ) The tank container is suitable for carrying liquid cargoes such as oil,

24、etc.,School of International Economics,Container,Example of Tank Container,School of International Economics,Container,Kinds of ContainersPlatform Container: (平臺集裝箱 ) Suitable for carrying extra-long and

25、 extra-heavy cargoes. The length can reach more than 6 meters and the weight more than 40M/T.,School of International Economics,Container,Example of Platform Container,School of International Economics,

26、Container,Kinds of ContainersBulk Container: (散裝貨集裝箱 ) There are two or three openings on the top of this kind of container, which makes it convenient to load the cargo. There are elevating f

27、rames at the bottom of the container that can elevate at a sloping angle (傾角) of 40 degrees, which makes it convenient to unload the cargo.,School of International Economics,Container,Example

28、of Bulk Container,School of International Economics,Collective Packing,Pallet (托盤)A kind of single-layer (單層) or double-layer flat carrier which is made according to a certain specification.Certain quantities of single

29、 pieces are packed collectively on the flat carrier and tied up in the light of the requirements to form a shipping unit, which makes it convenient to load, unload, lift and pile the goods by using machinery in the shipp

30、ing process.,School of International Economics,Collective Packing,Sample of Pallet,School of International Economics,Collective Packing,Flexible Container (集裝袋)A kind of round-shaped or square-shaped bag woven with synt

31、hetic fibre(合成纖維)or compound material (混合材料).Suitable for powder or grain cargoes such as fertilizer(肥料,尤指化學肥料), ore(礦石), flour(面粉), sugar, cement(水泥), etc.,School of International Economics,Collective Packing,Sample of

32、 Flexible Container,School of International Economics,B: Kinds of Packing,3.2 Marketing Packing (銷售包裝)Marketing packing is also called small packing (小包裝或零售包裝) or inner packing (內包裝).3.2.1 Types of marketing packing:

33、Patterns for display and sale Patterns for identification of the goods Patterns with the function of use,School of International Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns for display and sale (便于陳列展銷類)Piling-up pa

34、ttern:(堆疊式包裝)There is a coinciding part at the top or bottom of the commodity packing. If one commodity is put on the top of the other, the two can tally with each other. This type can keep the commodities firm, and is

35、suitable for super-markets to pile commodities up. Example: such as cans, bottles, boxes, etc.,School of International Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns for display and sale (便于陳列展銷類)Hanging-up pattern:(掛式

36、包裝)The packing has a hanging hook(吊鉤)or hole, or a pendent hand. Usually we have close-to-body packing(貼體包裝), case-shaped packing, box-shaped packing, bag-shaped packing etc.This kind of packing can fully make use of s

37、pace of shelves and greatly increase areas of displays and sale.,School of International Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns for display and sale (便于陳列展銷類)Spreading-up pattern:(展開式包裝)The goods have a special-

38、structured cover. When the cover is opened, the picture on the other side of it sets off well with the commodity.,School of International Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns for identification of the goods

39、(便于識別商品類)Transparent pattern and windowed pattern: (透明包裝和”開窗”包裝)The cargo is packed wholly or partly with transparent packing material or a windowed paper box which can make the consumers see the shape and quality of

40、 the goods directly.,School of International Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns for identification of the goods (便于識別商品類) Customary packing pattern: (習慣性包裝)Using customary packing and modeling makes the

41、buyers identify the quality of the commodity as soon as they see the packing.,School of International Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns with the Function of Use: (便于使用類)Pattern for carrying about: (攜帶式包裝

42、)The modeling of this type is suitable for carrying the goods.Pattern for easily opening:(易開包裝)This type has the characteristic of being easily opened. Example: easily-opened cans, boxes, bottles, etc.,School of Inte

43、rnational Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns with the Function of Use: (便于使用類)Pattern for spraying out: (噴霧包裝)This packing is a liquid sprayer. When we press the button, the liquid will spray out automat

44、ically.This style is suitable for everyday consumer goods and medicines. Example: such as perfume, etc.,School of International Economics,Types of Marketing Packing,Patterns with the Function of Use: (便于使用類)Patter

45、n for forming a complete set: (配套包裝)The goods of different kinds and specifications, which are usually used simultaneously, are arranged into a group to form a complete set and unified packing. Example: tea set, table

46、ware, toy, etc.Pattern for showing off a gift:(禮品包裝)This packing is specially designed for a certain gift.,School of International Economics,3.2 Marketing Packing (銷售包裝),3.2.2 Packaging (包裝)Packaging is the main compo

47、nent of marketing packing.It plays a great role in beautifying the goods, attracting consumers, expanding sales, and raising selling prices.,School of International Economics,Packaging (包裝),Demand for Packaging DesignM

48、arketing packing should be beautiful, novel, scientific, reasonable, colorful, and show the unique style of Chinese art.Packaging design should highlight the characteristic of the commodity.The word description of pack

49、aging and the picture should be well coordinated.Marks and brands should be used properly.Pay more attention to the stipulations and different habits and tastes towards packaging.,School of International Economics,C. P

50、acking Mark (包裝標志),Refers to different diagrams, words and figures which are written, printed, or brushed on the outside of the shipping packings. Shipping mark Indicative mark Warning mark Additional mark,School of

51、International Economics,C. Packing Mark,Shipping Mark (運輸標志,俗稱嘜頭)Shipping marks make it convenient for identifying and transporting the goods and make it easy to count them out and check them out .Shipping marks shoul

52、d be simple, clear and easy to be identified.,School of International Economics,Shipping Mark,4 Parts of Shipping Marks Consignee’s code:(收件人代號) the consignee’s codes is usually indicated by different geometrical

53、diagrams, such as triangles, diamonds, circles, etc. with letters inside them as the main marks. Consignor’s code (發(fā)貨人代號) Destination (目的港名稱) Package number (件號),School of International Economics,Shipping Mark

54、,Sample:Shipping mark can also include the contract number, gross and net weight, origin, etc.,C TABC,SingaporeNos 1up – 100No.5,ABCDLC536800,,Hong KongNos 1-200,School of International Economics,C. Packing Ma

55、rk,Indicative Mark (指示性標志)We usu. make use of remarkable diagrams and simple words to remind the relative workers of the items for attention when they load, unload, carry and store the goods.,School of International Eco

56、nomics,Indicative Mark,Sample of Indicative Mark:,School of International Economics,C. Packing Mark,Warning Mark (警告性標志)Warning mark is also called dangerous cargo mark, which is brushed clearly and definitely on the sh

57、ipping packings of the inflammable (易燃), explosive(爆炸品), poisonous, corrosive(腐蝕性的)or radioactive(放射性的)goods, so as to give warnings to the workers.,School of International Economics,Warning Mark,Example of Warning Mark:

58、,School of International Economics,Warning Mark,“Warning Marks for Packing Dangerous Cargoes” (危險貨物包裝標志)promulgated in China“Warning Marks for International Ocean Transportation of Dangerous Cargoes” (國際海運危險品標志) promulg

59、ated by The United Nations Ocean Transportation Consultation Organization (聯(lián)合國政府海事協(xié)商組織),School of International Economics,C. Packing Mark,Additional Mark (附屬標志)Sometimes, in accordance with the agreement entered into by

60、 the both parties or the regulations laid down by their countries respectively some additional marks are needed.,School of International Economics,D: Neutral Packing and Brand Designated by the Buyer,Neutral Packing (中性包

61、裝)There is neither a name of the origin, nor a name of the factory, nor a trade mark, a brand, or even any words on the packing of the commodity and the commodity itself.To break through different limitations and polit

62、ical discriminations of importing countries and areas,School of International Economics,C : Neutral Packing and Brand Designated by the Buyer,3 KindsAccept the neutral packing with brands designated by the buyersAccept

63、 trade marks or brands designated by buyers from foreign countries, but indicate “made in China”Accept trade marks or brands and origins designated by the buyers,School of International Economics,E: Packing Clause in th

64、e Contract,The packing clause mainly stipulates: packing manner packing material packing expenses to be borne the shipping mark,School of International Economics,E: Packing Clause in the Contract,Packing Manner and

65、Packing Material (包裝方式和包裝材料)Determine the packing manner and packing material used, such as the material, dimension, weight of every single piece, filling material used, etc.Example: Packing: In new galvanized iron dru

66、ms 　　　　　　　　　of 175 Kg each, net.Avoid using “Seaworthy packing” ,（適合海運包裝） “Customary packing”,（按慣常方式包裝） etc.,School of International Economics,E: Packing Clause in the Contract,Example:“To be packed in new strong wood

67、en case suitable for long distance ocean transportation and well protected against dampness, moisture, shock, rust and rough handling(防潮,防濕,防震,防繡,并耐受粗暴搬運). The sellers shall be liable for any damage to the goods on accou

68、nt of improper packing and for any rust damage attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the sellers, and in such case or cases any and all losses and/or expenses incurred in consequence there o