f1c4(3)

1、5.5facts5.5factsinfluencinginfluencingthethesupplysupplyquantityquantity影響因素的供應(yīng)量影響因素的供應(yīng)量(a)(a)thethecostscostsofofmakingmakingthethegoodgood生產(chǎn)成本好生產(chǎn)成本好(b)(b)TheThepricespricesofofotherothergoodsgoods其他商品價格其他商品價格WhenWhenas

2、uppliersuppliercancanswithswithreailyreailyfromfromsupplyingsupplyingoneonegoodgoodtotoanothertheanotherthegoodsgoodsconcernedconcernedarearecalledcalledsubsitutessubsitutesininsupplysupply當(dāng)一個供應(yīng)商可以開關(guān)容易從提供一個好的另一個，貨物被稱為可以當(dāng)

3、一個供應(yīng)商可以開關(guān)容易從提供一個好的另一個，貨物被稱為可以在供應(yīng)在供應(yīng)GoodsGoodsininjointjointsupplysupplycomplementscomplementsininproductionproduction產(chǎn)品聯(lián)合供應(yīng)和補充生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品聯(lián)合供應(yīng)和補充生產(chǎn)(c)(c)ExpectationsExpectationsofofpricepricechanges.changes.期望價格變化期望價格變化(d)(d)Cha

4、ngesChangesinintechnologytechnology技術(shù)的變化技術(shù)的變化(e)(e)OtherOtherfacts.facts.其他因素其他因素thethesupplysupplycurvecurveshowsshowshowhowthethequantityquantitysuppliedsuppliedwillwillchangechangeininresponseresponsetotoachangechange

5、ininpriceprice供給曲線表明供給量變化響應(yīng)改變價格供給曲線表明供給量變化響應(yīng)改變價格SupplySupplyconditionsconditions供應(yīng)條件供應(yīng)條件AlongAlongthethesupplysupplycurvecurve沿著供給曲線沿著供給曲線InInthethesupplysupplycurvecurveitselfitself在供給曲線本身在供給曲線本身ThisThisdistinctiondisti

6、nctionbetweenbetweenamovementmovementalongalongthethesupplysupplycurvecurveashiftshiftininthethesupplysupplycurvecurveisisjustjustasasimptantimptantasasthethesimilarsimilardistinctiondistinctionrelatingrelatingtotothethe

7、demdemcurve.curve.這之間的區(qū)別移動供給曲線與供給曲線的移動是一樣重要的類似的區(qū)別與需這之間的區(qū)別移動供給曲線與供給曲線的移動是一樣重要的類似的區(qū)別與需求曲線。求曲線。5.65.6shiftsshiftsofofthethemarketmarketsupplysupplycurvecurve變化市場供給曲線變化市場供給曲線TheThemarketmarketsupplysupplycurvecurveisisthethe

8、aggregateaggregateososallallthethesupplysupplycurvescurvesofofindividualindividualfirmsfirmsininthethemarket.market.市場供給曲線是總供給曲線的所有市場中各個企業(yè)。市場供給曲線是總供給曲線的所有市場中各個企業(yè)。RightwardRightward向右向右DownwardDownward向下向下（a）afallfallinin

9、thethecostcostofoffactsfactsofofproductionfproductionfexampleexampleareductionreductionininthethecostcostofofrawrawmaterialmaterialinputsinputs一個在生產(chǎn)要素成本，例如減少了原材料的成本投入一個在生產(chǎn)要素成本，例如減少了原材料的成本投入(b)(b)afallfallininthethepricep

10、riceofofotherothergoods.goods.價格下跌，其他商品。價格下跌，其他商品。(c)(c)thethetechnologicaltechnologicalprogresswhichprogresswhichreducesreducesunitunitcostscostsalsoalsoincreasesincreasesproductionproductioncapabilities.capabilities.pr

11、oductionproductionquantities.quantities.（一）市場需求條件影響價格，公司將為其輸出。價格作為信號的生產(chǎn)者，（一）市場需求條件影響價格，公司將為其輸出。價格作為信號的生產(chǎn)者，和價格的變化應(yīng)該刺激的反應(yīng)，從一個公司改變其生產(chǎn)量。和價格的變化應(yīng)該刺激的反應(yīng)，從一個公司改變其生產(chǎn)量。(b)supply(b)supplyisisinfluencedinfluencedbybyproductionproduc

12、tioncostscostsprofits.profits.供應(yīng)是影響生產(chǎn)成本和利潤供應(yīng)是影響生產(chǎn)成本和利潤IncentiveIncentive激勵激勵(c)when(c)whenafirmfirmoperatesoperatesefficientlyefficientlyrespondingrespondingtotochangeschangesininmarketmarketpricespricescontrollingcontro

13、llingitsitscostscostsititisisrewardedrewardedwithwithprofit.profit.當(dāng)公司的運作效率，應(yīng)對市場價格變化和控制成本，這是獲得利潤。當(dāng)公司的運作效率，應(yīng)對市場價格變化和控制成本，這是獲得利潤。SubsidySubsidy補貼補貼6.26.2thethepricepricemechanismmechanismthetheequilibriumequilibriumpricepr

14、ice價格機制和市場均衡價格價格機制和市場均衡價格TheThepricepricemechanismmechanismbringsbringsdemdemsupplysupplyintointoequilibriumequilibriumthetheequilibriumequilibriumpricepriceffagoodgoodisisthethepricepriceatatwhichwhichthethevolumevolume

15、demeddemedbybyconsumersconsumersthethevolumevolumethatthatfirmsfirmswouldwouldbebewillingwillingtotosupplysupplyisisthethesame.same.價格機制所帶來的供求平衡和均衡價格的一個很好的是價格而體積所要求的消價格機制所帶來的供求平衡和均衡價格的一個很好的是價格而體積所要求的消費者和體積，公司會愿意是相同的。費者和體

16、積，公司會愿意是相同的。MarketMarketclearingclearingpriceprice市場出清價格市場出清價格(a)(a)theytheywouldwouldcutcutdowndownthethecurrentcurrentlevellevelofofproductionproductionininderdertotosellsellunwantedunwantedinventies.inventies.他們會降低目前生

17、產(chǎn)水平為出售存貨。他們會降低目前生產(chǎn)水平為出售存貨。(b)(b)TheyTheywouldwouldalsoalsoreducereducepricespricesininderdertotoencourageencouragesales.sales.他們也將降低價格以鼓勵銷售。他們也將降低價格以鼓勵銷售。KeyKeypointpoint(a)(a)ififtherethereisisnonochangechangeinincondit

18、ionsconditionsofofsupplysupplydemdemthetheequilibriumequilibriumpricepricewillwillprevailprevailininthethemarketmarketwillwillremainremainstable.stable.如果沒有變化條件的供應(yīng)或需求，均衡價格將在市場將保持穩(wěn)定。如果沒有變化條件的供應(yīng)或需求，均衡價格將在市場將保持穩(wěn)定。(b)(b)ifif

19、pricepriceisisnotnotatatthetheequilibriumequilibriumthethemarketmarketisisinindisequilibriumdisequilibriumsupplysupplydemdemwillwillpushpushpricespricestowardstowardsthetheequilibriumequilibriumprice.price.如果價格是不平衡的，市場是在

20、不平衡的供應(yīng)和需求將推動價格向均衡價格。如果價格是不平衡的，市場是在不平衡的供應(yīng)和需求將推動價格向均衡價格。。(c)(c)ininanyanymarketmarkettheretherewillwillonlyonlybebeoneoneequilibriumequilibriumpositionpositionwherewherethethemarketmarketisiscleared.cleared.在任何市場只會有一個平衡位置，

21、市場出清在任何市場只會有一個平衡位置，市場出清(d)(d)shiftsshiftsininthethesupplysupplycurvecurvedemdemcurvecurvewillwillchangechangethetheequilibriumequilibriumpriceprice((thethequantityquantitytraded).traded).供給曲線的移動或需求曲線改變均衡價格（和交易量）供給曲線的移動或需