外商直接投資在捷克汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)中所起的作用【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：外文題目：TheRoleofFDIintheCzechAutomotiveIndustry出處：處：ASuccessfulTransfmation，ContributionsofEconomics，2008，185209作者：者：PetrPavlnek原文：文：TheRoleofFDIintheCzechAutomotiveIndustryTheroleofFDIhasbeenconsi

2、deredtobecriticalinthepostsocialisteconomicdevelopmentofCEE(e.g.Dunning1993:25Ozawa2000:xiiLankesStern1997:1)becauseFDIisviewedasan“engineofdevelopment”(Cski1995:112)avehicleofeconomicmodernizationadrivingfceofproductivi

3、tydevelopment(Hunya2000:812).SomecommentatsevenconsiderFDItobea“shipofrichesthatwillensureeconomicprosperity”(Kojima2001:22).Bythelate1990sithasbecomeaclichinCEEtoconsidertheroleoffeigncapitaltobesuperitothatofdomesticca

4、pitalinenterpriserestructuring.ThispositiveviewofFDIresultedatleastpartlyfromfailureofdomesticprivatizationschemestogeneratestrategicrestructuringattheenterpriselevelincountriessuchasCzechiaSlovakia.1Itseemshoweverthatsu

5、chviewstendtoexaggeratetheactualeffectsofFDIinCEEitsroleinthepost1989economictransfmationbecausetheoverallvolumesofFDIinCEEremainlowwhencomparedtootherwldregions.2Thegenerallyassumedsuperiperfmanceofenterpriseswithfeignc

6、apitalcomparedtodomesticenterpriseshasbeenverydifficulttoverifyempiricallywiththeexceptionofmanufacturing(Szanyi2000:76).ItisalsoimptanttokeepinmindthateffectsofFDIinCEEhavebeengeographicallysectallyveryuneven(e.g.Pavlne

7、kSmith1998Pavlnek2002a2002b)thatFDIdoesnotnecessarilyleadtoautomaticeconomicsuccessinthefeigninvestedenterprises(FIEs–jointventuresfeignownedcompanies).IndeedtheresearchonFDIinCEEpointstowardsalargediversityofFIEsinallpo

8、ssiblerespectsconsequentlytotheneedtobetterunderstthisdiversityaswellastheoveralleconomiceffectsofFDIinCEEcountries(Szanyi2000:74).TwotypesofFDIstudiesinCEEcanbeidentified:FirstarethestudiesthattypicallyinvestigateFDIfro

9、mnationalmacroeconomicperspectivesfocusonanalysesofempiricaldata(e.g.Hunya2000Artisieal.1993ZlochChristy1995).Secondarethecasestudiesofindividualinvestmentsfromvarioussects(e.g.Estrinetal.19972000a).Thischapterfocusesont

10、heroleofFDIinthetransfmationoftheCzechautomotiveindustry.FDIhasplayedacrucialroleinthetransfmationoftheenterprisesIalsoprovideexamplesoffailedcooperationbetweendomesticproducersfeignpartnersintheCzechmotindustry.FinallyI

11、brieflyinvestigate6.1GovernmentalPoliciesFDIPrivatizationGeneralgovernmentaleconomicpoliciesspecificpoliciestowardsFDIplayanimptantroleinattractingFDItoaparticularcountry.Theyaresometimesconsideredtobethemostimptantfacta

12、ffectingFDIinflows(e.g.Lall1996:425).TheattitudeoftheCzechgovernmenttowardFDIhasundergoneconsiderablechangessince1990.Threestagescouldbedistinguished:theperiodbefethe1992parliamentaryelectionsofgovernmentalincentivestoed

13、feigninveststhe1992–97periodduringwhichfeigninvestswerenotiginallyofferedanyincentivestoinvestdomesticinvestsweregenerallypreferredthepost1997periodofstronggovernmentalincentivessupptfFDI.ThemostsuccessfulJVsintheCzechau

14、tomotivesectwerefmedbetween19901992whentheCzechgovernmentfollowedapolicyofcarefulchoiceoffeignpartnersfedCzechenterprises.Examplesintheautomobileindustryincludethe?koda–VWBarum–ContinentalJVs.Aswecouldseeinpreviouschapte

15、rsthepost1992CzechgovernmentundertheleadershipofVclavKlausgenerallydisapprovedoftheentryoffeigncapitalintoCzechcompaniesinsteaditpreferredthesocalled“Czechway”ofprivatizationi.e.privatizingCzechcompaniestoCzechownersusin

16、gtheCzechratherthanfeigncapital.ThisattitudeissomewhatsurprisinggivenKlaus’sliberalrhetic.HoweverheconsideredpropertyincludedinJVsas“l(fā)osttoprivatization”(Myant1993:244).AsJanVrbathepre1992ministerofindustrypointedout“the

17、saleofenterprisestofeignerswasnotpopular[afterthe1992elections]leastsotoGermans”(PralLk1999).In1992despitetheperceivedlackofdomesticcapitalthegovernmentdecidednottoprovideanytaxincentivesffeigninvests.Thedeputyfinancemin

18、isterarguedin1993thattheincentiveswould“defmthenaturaleconomicstructureoftheCzechRepublic”(LN1993:12).Althoughcompanieswererelativelyfreetochoosetheirprivatizationmethodthepost1992electionsgovernmentofVclavKlausencourage

19、dasmanylargecompaniesaspossibletoparticipateinthegovernmentalvoucherprivatizationscheme.6InparticulartheparticipationofwellknowncompaniesinvoucherprivatizationsuchastheheavyoffroadtruckmakerTatraKop?ivnicewasstronglyprom

20、otedmainlybythesupptersofKlaustoincreasethepopularityofthescheme(seeChap.4).AsweecouldseeinthecaseofTatrafexamplethegovernmentindirectlyexertedastrongpressureonitsmanagerstoparticipateinvoucherprivatizationthroughaidesof

21、VclavKlausassuringTatra’smanagersthatvoucherprivatizationwouldprotecttheirpositionscontrolofthecompany.ThecasesofKabloVelkMezi??MagonKromě??describedbelowshowthatthegovernmentoftendecidedpoliticallyagainstproposedJVswith