[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯 --關(guān)于鋁合金制氫以及機(jī)械性能的研究（英文）

1、Investigation on hydrogen production using multicomponentaluminum alloys at mild conditions and its mechanismHuihu Wang a, Ying Chang b, Shijie Dong a,*, Zhifeng Lei a, Qingbiao Zhu b, Ping Luo a, Zhixiong Xie aa School

2、of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Lizhi Road, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430068, PR Chinab School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, PR Chi

3、naa r t i c l e i n f oArticle history:Received 20 August 2012Received in revised form5 November 2012Accepted 6 November 2012Available online xxxKeywords:Al alloyMechanical alloyingHydrogena b s t r a c tA series of Al a

4、lloys with low melting point metals Ga, In, Sn as alloy elements werefabricated using mechanical alloying method. The phase compositions and morphologiesof different Al alloys were characterized by XRD and SEM techniques

5、. The reaction of theAl alloys with water for hydrogen evolving at mild conditions (at room temperature inneutral water) was studied. The results showed that there were no hydrogen yields forbinary AleGa, AleIn, AleSn an

6、d the ternary AleGaeSn alloys. The hydrogen yields wereobserved for AleGaeIn and AleIneSn ternary alloys. The AleIneSn alloys showed an evenfaster hydrogen generation rate and higher yields than AleGaeIn alloys. Based on

7、 theternary AleGaeIn and AleIneSn system, the hydrogen production property of quaternaryAleGaeIneSn was greatly improved. The hydrogen conversion efficiency of the optimizedAle3%Gae3%Ine5%Sn alloy was nearly 100% in tap

8、water. The highest hydrogen genera-tion rate reached 1560 mL/g min in distilled water or deionized water. It was suggestedthat both the embrittlement of Al by liquid GaeIneSn eutectic and the active pointsformed by inter

9、metallic compounds In3Sn and InSn4 may be attributed to the high activityof AleGaeIneSn alloys at room temperature.Copyright ª 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rightsreserved.1

10、. IntroductionThe depletion of fossil fuel and environmental problemsarising in the global has promoted an urgent demand for theclean and renewable energy supply nowadays. Amongdifferent fuels, hydrogen power has proved

11、to be the cleanestand the most likely alternative energy to replace fossil fuel. Inthe past two decades, several methods including biological [1],water electrolysis [2,3], water splitting [4], and steam/partialoxidation

12、[5,6] have been developed to produce hydrogen.However, the low conversion efficiency, high cost, non-cleanpreparation process, as well as the transportation andstorage of hydrogen limited their applications. Recently,a m

13、ethod based on the interaction of lightweight metals andtheir hydrides with water for hydrogen generation hasattracted more and more attention. It is considered as the mostperspective and close to practical realization [

14、7]. Among thesesubstances, Al is the most potential candidate material forhydrogen generation as it is cheap, available, environmentallysafe, and usable as the hydrogen generator for portabledevices. In addition, the rea

15、ctants of hydrolysis reaction of Alcan be easily cycled via the HalleHe ´roult process [8].However, it is known that the thin oxide layer formed onthe Al surface can prevent the interaction between Al and* Correspon

16、ding author. Tel./fax: þ86 027 88032313.E-mail addresses: wanghuihu@126.com (H. Wang), dongsjsj@mail.hust.edu.cn (S. Dong).Available online at www.sciencedirect.comjournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/hei n t e

17、 r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y x x x ( 2 0 1 2 ) 1 e8Please cite this article in press as: Wang H, et al., Investigation on hydrogen production using multicomponent aluminum alloys at mi

18、ld conditions and its mechanism, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2012), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijhydene.2012.11.0340360-3199/$ e see front matter Copyright ª 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.

19、Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.11.0343. Results and discussion3.1. Binary aluminum alloyBinary Al alloys including AleGa, AleIn, and AleSn have beenprepared. The

20、content of alloy elements was 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%,7 wt.%, and 10 wt.%, respectively. The correspondinghydrolysis ability of these Al alloys was examined in tap waterat room temperature. The experiments revealed that nohydroge

21、n yields were obtained, which indicated that singleGa, In, Sn alloy element couldn’t activate Al to producehydrogen at mild conditions in this experiment.3.2. Ternary aluminum alloyIn order to further activate Al, ternar

22、y Al alloys were fabri-cated. The composition of different Al alloys was shown inTable 1. For AleGaeSn alloys, no hydrogen yields were found,which was similar to binary Al alloys. For AleGaeIn andAleIneSn alloys, the rea

23、ction with water for hydrogenevolving was observed, as shown in Fig. 1.Fig. 1a shows that the final hydrogen yield of AleGaeInalloys was related to the content of Ga and In. The Ale3%Gae3%In alloys shows the highest hydr

24、ogen yields. Further-more, In is much more favorable for the hydrolysis of Al alloys.With increasing In content, the hydrogen yield enhances. Forall AleGaeIn alloys, the reaction ends at around 15 min.Fig. 1b shows the h

25、ydrogen yields of AleIneSn alloys withtap water. The content of Sn is in range from 3 wt.% to 10 wt.%.Higher hydrogen yields are obtained with the increase of Sn to7 wt.%, while a little decrease of hydrogen yields when

26、thecontent of Sn reaches 10 wt.%. Compared with AleGaeInalloys, all AleIneSn alloys demonstrates the higher hydrogenyields. On the other hand, the AleIneSn alloys have morerapid hydrolysis reaction rate. The reaction end

27、s in 5 min.For further comparison, the hydrogen generation rate ofAle3%Gae3%In and Ale3%Ine3%Sn is shown in Fig. 2. Thehighest rate for Ale3%Ine3%Sn reaches 180 mL/g min, whilethat of the Ale3%Gae3%In alloy is only 25 mL

28、/g min. Thehydrolysis results of ternary Al alloys demonstrate thesynergic effect of different alloy elements for activating Al. Onthe other hand, the combination of alloy elements exhibitsdifferent influences on the fin

29、al hydrolysis results.Fig. 3 shows the XRD patterns of ternary Al alloys. Allsamplescontainthe crystalline Alphase.Gaphase isn’tfoundinAl alloys in the patterns. This may be attributed to the lowmelting point of Ga (29.8

30、 ?C) and its eutectic alloy (lower than12 ?C) when In and Sn are introduced to Ga [17,18]. During themechanical alloying process, Ga and its eutectic alloy presentsas liquid state which may easily attach on the surface o

31、f ball andthe milling tank to make a loss. Furthermore, a part of Ga mayform solid solution with Al. Therefore, there is no apparentdiffraction peaks related to Ga or its alloys as the low amount ofGa in this experiment.

32、 Similar phenomenon was also observedin Al alloys even with high Ga amount (>5%) in the other liter-ature [17,22]. However, the diffraction peaks of In and Sn phaseFig. 2 e The hydrogen generation rate of Ale3%Gae3%In

33、and Ale3%Ine3%Sn alloys.Fig. 3 e The XRD patterns of ternary AleGaeIn, AleIneSn,and AleGaeSn alloys.Table 2 e Elements composition of quaternary Al alloys and its hydrogen evolving properties.No. Elements composition (wt

34、. %) Hydrogen yields (mL) Highest generation rate (mL/g min) Conversion efficiency (%)Al Ga In Sn1 91 3 3 3 1000 640 88.272 89 3 3 5 1100 1080 99.233 87 3 3 7 740 880 68.324 84 3 3 10 730 640 68i n t e r n a t i o n a l

35、j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y x x x ( 2 0 1 2 ) 1 e8 3Please cite this article in press as: Wang H, et al., Investigation on hydrogen production using multicomponent aluminum alloys at mild conditions and