[雙語翻譯]外文翻譯--水污染來源、影響、控制和管理

1、1800 英文單詞， 英文單詞，1 萬英文字符，中文 萬英文字符，中文 3200 字文獻(xiàn)出處： 文獻(xiàn)出處：Owa FD. Water Pollution: Sources, Effects, Control and Management[J]. International Letters of Natural Sciences 3 (2014) 1-6Water pollution: sources, effects, control

2、and managementF. W. OwaABSTRACTHuman activities including industrialization and agricultural practices contributed immensely in no small measure to the degradation and pollution of the environment which adversely has an

3、 effect on the water bodies (rivers and ocean) that is a necessity for life. This paper tries to discuss basically what water pollution is and equally to address the source, effect control and water pollution management

4、as a whole. Some recommendations such as introduction of environmental education were mentioned.Keyword: Environmental Education; Pollution; Management; Phytoremediation; Biomass and Control1. INTRODUCTIONThe importance

5、 of water for sustenance of life cannot be overemphasized. Whether it is in use of running water in our homes, rearing cattle and growing crops in our farms, or the increased uses in industry, remain immeasurable. It is

6、important therefore, to not that depletion of this commodity either through contamination, or careless use results in serous consequences.2. WATER POLLUTIONWater is considered polluted if some substances or condition is

7、 present to such a degree that the water cannot be used for a specific purpose. Olaniran (1995) defined water pollution to be the presence of excessive amounts of a hazard (pollutants) in water in such a way that it is n

8、o long suitable for drinking, bathing, cooking or other uses. Pollution is the introduction of a contamination into the environment (Webster.com, 2010). It is created by industrial and commercial waster, agricultural p

9、ractices, everyday human activities and most notably, models of transportation. No matter where you go and what you do, there are remnants earths environmental and its inhabitants in many ways. The three main types of p

10、ollution are: Land Pollution, Air Pollution and Water Pollution. Both for the purpose of this research, emphasis are on water pollution and control.3. SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTIONWater pollution in Nigeria according to G

11、bamanija (1998) arises from various activities, among which are:(i) Sewage leakages(ii) High population density(iii) oil spillage (iv) Menace of Nipa palm and water hyacinth (v) Industrial waste dumped into our waters(v

12、i) Pollution of ground water through drilling activities (vii) Flooding during rainy season which carries waste deposits into our waters.drinking and for domestic purposes for humans polluted waters are potent agents of

13、diseases such as cholera, typhoid and tuberculosis. A major water pollutants has been oil spilled in large quantities from tankers of broken oil pipes from oil industries which kills sea weeds, mollusks, marine birds,

14、crustaceans, fishes and other sea organisms that serve as food for humans. This leads to calcium deficiencies in our diet. Some insecticides like DDT are particularly dangerous when allowed into bodies of water because

15、its concentration increases along the food chain. Oysters for an example can accumulate DDT to a concentration. 70,000 times that of DDT in sea water.The effects of water pollution in some areas has been to an extent of

16、 irreversibly changing aquatic ecosystems. This is dangerous to plants and animals including humans.Since water pollution has direct consequences on human well beings, an effective teaching strategy in the formal educat

17、ion sector is essential for a better understanding so as to develop the right attitude towards water. This is why the guided discovery approach is a teaching strategy which when adequately utilized and combined with oth

18、er methods of science teaching will leave lasting impression on the learner as well as help him solve the problems of his immediate environment (Ogwuasor, 1998). 4. EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTIONWater pollution has a duel ef

19、fect on nature. It has negative effects on the living and also on the environment. The effects of pollution on human beings and aquatic communities are many and varied. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths

20、 per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indians children’s die of diarrhea every

21、day and so many other countries too. Nearly 500 million Chinese lack access of safe drinking water.Definitely with all these, we can expect that there is going to be a reduction in productivity. Biomas and diversity of c

22、ommunities are to be expected when large amount of toxic materials are released into the streams, lakes and coastal waters in the ocean. Much of aquatic pollution involves sewage in which organic waste predominate. This

23、 waste can increase secondary productivity while altering the character of the aquatic community. Most fishes especially the species desired as food by man are among the sensitive species that disappear with the least

24、intense pollution.Water pollution leads to damage to human health. Disease carrying agents such as bacteria and viruses are carried into the surface and ground water. Drinking water is affected and health hazards resul

25、t. Direct damage to plants and animals nutrition also affects human health. Plants nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances that support the growth of aquatic plant life could be in excess causing

26、algal gloom and excessive weed growth. This makes water to have odour, taste and sometimes colour. Ultimately, the ecological balance of a body of water is altered. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides cause acid rain wh