[雙語翻譯]綠色物流外文翻譯--食品配送中的綠色物流——一個案例研究

1、4400 英文單詞， 英文單詞，24500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 7300 字文獻出處： 文獻出處：Helo P , Ala-Harja H . Green logistics in food distribution – a case study[J]. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 2018:1-16.Green logistic

2、s in food distribution – a case studyPetri Helo and Hanne Ala-HarjaABSTRACTEnvironmental impacts, such as Green House gas emissions, have been introduced to supply chain management as an additional parameter to tradition

3、al key performance indicators such as cost, lead-time and on- time delivery. This paper analyses a case example from the food industry on how CO2 emissions are structured in a value chain. The focus of the analysis cover

4、s food factory order-picking operations, transportation, warehousing and distribution aspects. The paper aims to demonstrate greening and CO2 saving potential areas of development for thermo-controlled food logistics. Th

5、e results show the energy-saving potential of several supply chain processes giving examples of distribution logistic online-temperature controlling possibilities. Greening decisions in supply chain design in the food i

6、ndustry are considered.KEYWORDS：Supply chain management; green logistics; food industry1. IntroductionThe eco-efficiency of logistics refers to analysing and managing energy-efficiency and emissions such as carbon dioxid

7、e (Carter and Easton 2011; Coley, Howard, and Winter 2009) in addition to traditional key performance indicators such as logistics costs, delivery time and delivery reliability in supply chains. Eco-efficiency can be con

8、sidered as a decision-making parameter when planning order picking, transportation, deliveries, terminal operations and the physical, functional and managerial structures of logistics centres. New parameters in investmen

9、t decisions and the development of operational management add value to traditional industries such as the food industry (Carter and Rogers 2008; Bowersox, Closs, and Stank 2000).There have been many recent publications i

10、n the field of green logistic (Bai et al. 2012; Keeble, Topiol, and Berkeley 2003; Gunasekaran, Subramanian, and Rahman 2015; Fahimnia, Sarkis, and Davarzani 2015). Several potential areas of green logistics and supply c

11、hain optimisation applications have been presented to improve the eco-efficiency of supply chains. The availability of, for example, Green House gas (GHG) calculation tools and standards has made eco-efficiency analysis

12、more practical. New types of fuels, including compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquid natural gas (LNG) gases are being studied and piloted in long-haul and distribution transportation. New vehicles and distribution stru

13、ctures have been compared at the operative level. Centralised supply chains have been compared with decentralised supply chain structures to evaluate the effects on costs and emissions (Kortelainen and Kuosmanen 2007; Mu

14、rphy and Poist 2003; Markley and Davis 2007; Quanriquasi et al. 2007; Rao and Holt 2005). In case of food products, studies have shown several decisions ranging from packaging to distribution and facility location can ha

15、ve an impact of emissions (Ala-Harja and Helo 2014; Ala-Harja and Helo 2016).In addition to logistics and material handling technology, information technology has opened up the possibilities of real-time control. Intelli

16、gent telemetric systems make it possible to track vehicles online and make decisions in real time. Specific truck, container, trailer or pallet information can be tracked through the supply chain. Logistics transaction d

17、ata such as packing, vulnerability and food safety are global issues. Consumers need information about environmental effects, and sustainable supply chain evaluation is needed (Adams and Larrinaga-González 2007; Nis

18、sinen et al. 2007). These aspects increase interest in and need for green logistics research.A share of 13.5% of global emissions is caused by transportation (World Resource Institute 2011). Vehicle, load capacity, retur

19、n and distance have environmental effects. The concept of the food mile (Pretty et al. 2005) describes the cumulative distance of parts of the food supply chain. Usually, food miles correlate with environmental effects.

20、The structures of food logistics are more integrated (Gimenez 2006) and hub – distribution centre distribution networks are usual.Based on industrial surveys, logistics costs create 10% to 15% of the price of the food pr

21、oduct. This makes food logistics an interesting topic among producers and retailers. Food supply chain sustainability development is also of interest to companies (Hamprecht et al. 2005).Food production caused 1.2 M CO2

22、equivalent tons of emissions at the global level in 2003. About 40% of Finnish food supply chain CO2 equivalent emissions, equal to 472,000 tons, was produced in terminals or markets because of the used electric and warm

23、ing energy. Transportation caused a further 27%, which is equal to 329,000 tons of emissions (Päivittäistavarayhdistys ry 2008).Figure 1. Food production and food consumption occurring in different areas in Fin

24、land (Tilastokeskus 2004; Päivittäistavarayh- distys 2008, OpenStreetMap).From the supply chain distribution structure point of view, food production occurs in different places compared to food consumption. In

25、order to illustrate this, we can analyse the case of Finland (Figure 1). The region of Seinäjoki in Western Finland produces ca. 19% of food nationally but sales comprise only 8%; the southern part of Finland produc

26、es 26% and sales comprise 32%. In addition to this, the role of food logistics is especially important in Finland because most food products produced in Finland are transported to retailers’ distribution centres in the H

27、elsinki area for order collection, which means many food products travel long distances before eating or wasting. Most food produced anywhere in Finland is directly transported from factories to retailers’ distribution c

28、entres. The two main retail chains have together ca. 80% of market share, and their distribution centres are located in the Helsinki area. These retailers have many regional distribution centres (Päivittäistava