外文翻譯--克爾什科核電站的輻射防護(hù)性能指標(biāo)（譯文）

1、185Jan?ekovi? H. RADIATION PROTECTION IN THE NPP KR?KO Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2006;57:185-188ObservationRADIATION PROTECTION PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AT THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT KR?KO*Helena JAN?EKOVIÈSlovenian Nuclea

2、r Safety Administration, Ljubljana, SloveniaReceived in June 2005 Accepted in March 2006Nuclear power plant safety performance indicators are developed “ by nuclear operating organisations to monitor their own performan

3、ce and progress, to set their own challenging goals for improvement, and to gain additional perspective on performance relative to that of other plants” . In addition, performance indicators are widely used by regulato

4、ry authorities although the use is not harmonised. T wo basic performance indicators related to good radiation protection practice are collective radiation exposure and volume of low-level radioactive waste. In 2000, N

5、uclear Power Plant Kr? ko, a Westinghouse pressurised water reactor with electrical output 700 MW, finished an extensive modernisation including the replacement of both steam generators. While the annual volume of low-

6、level radioactive waste does not show a specific trend related to modernisation, the annual collective dose reached maximum, i.e. 2.60 man Sv, and dropped to 1.13 man Sv in 2001. During the replacement of the steam gen

7、erators in 2000, the dose associated with this activity was 1.48 man Sv. The annual doses in 2002 and 2003 were 0.53 and 0.80 man Sv, respectively, nearing thus the goal set by the US Institute of Nuclear Power Operato

8、rs, which is 0.65 man Sv. Therefore, inasmuch as collective dose as the radiation protection performance indicator are concerned, the modernisation of the Kr? ko nuclear power plant was a success.KEY WORDS: annual coll

9、ective dose, low-level radioactive waste, nuclear power operator, occupational dose, outageAccording to the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), nuclear power plant safety performance indicators are develope

10、d “ by nuclear operating organisations to monitor their own performance and progress, to set their own challenging goals for improvement, and to gain additional perspective on performance relative to that of other p

11、lants”(1). In addition, performance indicators are widely used by regulatory authorities, although the use has not yet been harmonised (2). In 2000, Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Kr? ko (Westinghouse pressurised water re

12、actor, PWR, with electrical output 700 MW) finished an extensive modernisation including the replacement of both steam generators. This article looks into the changes in radiation protection performance indicators aft

13、er the modernisation and the problems related to their use.MODERNISATION OF THE NPP KR?KOThe commercial operation of the NPP Kr?ko started in 1983. The modernisation took place from 1996 to 2000 in order to stabilise

14、long-term plant * Preliminary report presented at the 6th Symposium of the Croatian Radiation Protection Association with international participation, Stubi?ke Toplice, Croatia, 18-20 April 2005187exposures reported by

15、 other PWRs (3). The goal of the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) in the USA, which promotes “ the highest levels of safety and reliability”and “ excellence in the operation of nuclear electric generating pla

16、nts”is 650 man mSv (=0.65 man Sv) for the year 2005 (4). In 2000, the annual collective dose was 2.60 man Sv due to the steam generator replacement, which accounted for 1.48 man Sv.Volume of low-level radioactive wasteTh

17、e volume of low-level radioactive solid waste produced shows a dropping trend, which will decrease storage, transportation and final disposal needs. Low-level radioactive solid waste is defined as all waste that is not s

18、pent fuel; it includes only the waste which was processed, and it is in its final form. The annual production of low-level radioactive solid waste from 1996 to 2003 is given in Figure 2.The production of low-level radioa

19、ctive solid waste already has decreased since 1996 due to improved radioactive waste management, which is supported by new procedures, including the In Drum Drying System and a very stringent radioactive management

20、system (5). CONCLUSIONIt takes a few performance indicators to recognise a good radiation protection practice in an NPP . The collective dose and the volume of low-level radioactive waste are the most obvious performa

21、nce indicators. After the modernisation of the NPP Kr? ko the annual collective dose has decreased substantially and has approached the INPO goal for the year 2005. A drop in the production of low-level radioactive s

22、olid waste is the result of a very stringent programme for radioactive waste management control.REFERENCES1. World Association of Nuclear Operators. Performance indicators 2003. London (UK): WANO; 2003. 2. Nuclear E

23、nergy Agency. Summary report of the use of plant safety performance indicators, NEA/CSNI/ R(2001)11. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development; 2001. 3. Nuclear Energy Agency. Occupational exposure

24、s at nuclear power plants. T welfth Annual Report of the ISOE Programme, 2002. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; 2003. 4. Wood WD, Miller DW. Commonality initiatives in US nuclear power

25、plants to improve radiation protection culture and worker efficiency. In: 3rd ISOE European Workshop on Occupational Exposure Management at NPPs; 17-19 April 2002; Portoro?, Slovenia. Fontenay- aux-Roses: CEPN; 2003.

26、 5. Jan?ekoviè H, Stritar A, editors. Annual report 2002 on the radiation and nuclear safety in the Republic of Slovenia. Ljubljana: URSJV; 2003.Figure 1 Annual collective radiation exposure from 1996 to 2003Jan?