外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯-- 鐵路隧道的安全

1、目 錄1 外文文獻(xiàn)原文 ……....................………………………………………………… (1)2 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 ...................................................................................... (2)systems. This is mostly due to the fact that railway transp

2、ort is considered by railway operators and perceived by the public as a safe mean of transportation. This approach to safety might be applicable to traditional railway systems, which have proven throughout the years thei

3、r performance; it is, however, not enough to guarantee the safety of railway systems where innovative and particular conditions are present, or of the existing lines that have to be upgraded to new exercise standards. Fo

4、r example, the combination of high-speed transit, high traffic intensity, combined transport of passengers and dangerous goods and extremely long tunnels, might lead to unacceptable safety levels. Therefore, the designer

5、 has to choose a railway system configuration together with the preventive and mitigative measures of accidents that minimize the risk and ultimately should verify by means of a risk analysis that the obtained safety lev

6、el is below a predefined target level. The scope of this paper is to illustrate the state-of-practice related to safe tunnel design and associated risk-analysis aspects of long railway tunnels. First, ambitious tunnel pr

7、ojects are briefly reviewed from the safety point of view. The risk-analysis procedures are then described and discussed. The problem of risk appraisal is addressed and quantitative target safety levels are proposed. Fin

8、ally, safety systems for risk reduction are illustrated.2. Major tunnel projects and the associated riskBasic design aspects in existing or under design and construction tunnels are briefly summarized in this section. Ta

9、ble 1List of existing long tunnels worldwideName Country Length (km)Underground Daischimisu Japan 22.2Simplon II Italy/Switzerland

10、 19.8Appennino Italy 18.6Rokko Japan 16.2Haruna Japan 15.4Gotthard Switzerland

11、 15.0Nakayama Japan 14.8Lo¨tschberg Switzerland 14.5Hokuriku Japan 13.9Prato Tires Italy

12、 13.5Landru¨cken Germany 10.8Underwater Seikan Japan 53.9Eurotunnel UK/France 50.0Shin Kanmon

13、 Japan 18.7Great Belt Denmark 8.0Severn UK 7.0Mersey UK 4.9Kanmon J

14、apan 3.6The following tunnels are included:(a) the Channel tunnel between England and France;(b) the Seikan tunnel in Japan;(c) the Gotthard tunnel planned in Switzerland;(d) the Brenner tunnel planned