外文資料翻譯---計算機(jī)注射模具制造估價系統(tǒng)

1、外文資料翻譯Journal of Materials Processing Technology 139 (2003) 212–218Computerised price quoting system for injection mould manufactureS.F. Chan a, C.K. Law b, K.K. Chan c a School of Science and Technology, The Open Univer

2、sity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR Chinab Hasbro Far East Ltd., Hong Kong, PR Chinac Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, PR ChinaAbstractThe budget for

3、 making injection moulds is inevitably the major development expense that needs to be well prepared and controlled in the toys industry. This is especially important for making hard toys such as Action Figure Toys, which

4、 accounted for 27.7% growth as in September 1999 in the total toys industry. The current major practice in the toys industry for quoting prices for manufacturing an injection mould is either by experience or by compariso

5、n with a similar product. Owing to the complexity of mould construction and the increasing variety of toys, the application of some commercially available computerized package for estimating the cost of manufacturing inj

6、ection moulds is inaccurate, impractical or slow. This consequently leads to an underestimated quote which will also become a disaster to the mould manufacturers in terms of manpower planning, delivery schedule and profi

7、ts. In order to overcome these practical situations and to meet the keen market competition, a user friendly, more accurate mould cost calculation and quotation system should be introduced. This paper focuses on introduc

8、ing a computerized quotation system for injection mould manufacture (CQSIM) coded in Visual Basic. This can be performed on a personal computer (PC). The system is typically useful for the toys industry area, but it can

9、also be applied in plastics related industry. Based upon a database of costing elements, an integrated system is established for the purpose of learning, not user friendly and the mould cost estimate is not accurate if u

10、sers do not well understand the meanings for individual input. Owing to these factors, the current major practice in the industry for quoting the price of an injection mould is still for it to be made by experience or by

11、 making comparison to similar toys products. An empirical cost estimation method is generally used, which is regarded as a faster and a more user friendly method. This cost estimation approach agreed quite closely with M

12、enges and Mohren [2] that the respective mould costs are “often not computed at all” but “estimated based on experience or in comparison with moulds made in the past”. Moreover, the fact that the number of order is only

13、5% of the number of quotations is also affecting the amount of time allowed for a proper quotation. However, the empirical cost estimation method requires mould makers to memorize the detailed mould construction steps an

14、d tool materials. Occasionally when they forget some mould construction details, underestimates may occur which will affect the mould cost significantly. Another problem is the imprecise estimation of material cost, whic

15、h could be a main cost element for mould making in Mainland China because the labor cost will be comparatively lower. It is hard to remember all the prices for standard components without reference to handbooks. Without

16、calculating the components’ volume and density, it is difficult to know the weight of raw materials. Finally, it is hard to estimate the cost for a certain mould fabrication process. Hence, the estimated cost by the empi

17、rical method is quite inconsistent. Theoretically, cost estimators who calculate mould cost manually to a very subtle detail may be able to obtain a precise and consistent result. However, it would be extremely time cons

18、uming and impractical. A software package can quickly compute the material cost and machining time directly from its database with known data of the product.A good software package can also improve the manufacturer’s man

19、agement. By providing machining data, time frame and actual fabrication data for reference, two things can be improved. Firstly, the efficiency of the shop floor or design department can be known and hence can be improve