水電工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)論文翻譯--水電和風(fēng)電的生命周期溫室氣體排放

1、中文 中文 5400 字， 字，2950 單詞 單詞出處： 出處：Raadal H L, Gagnon L, Modahl I S, et al. Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the generation of wind and hydro power[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(7):

2、 3417-3422.本科生畢業(yè)論文文獻(xiàn)翻譯題 目 水電和風(fēng)電的生命周期溫室氣體排放 學(xué) 院 水利水電工程 專 業(yè) 水利水電工程 二 Ο 一三 年 六 月 四 日外文翻譯和原稿1LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS(GHG) EMISSIONS FROM THE GENERATION OF WIND AND HYDRO POWERHanne Lerche Raadala,?, Luc Gagnonb,

3、Ingunn Saur Modahla, Ole Jørgen Hanssenaa Ostfold Research, Gamle Beddingvei 2B, N-1671 Kråkerøy, Norwayb Hydro-Québec, 75 René Lévesque W, Montreal, Qc, Canada, H2Z 1A4Abstract: This paper

4、presents a comprehensive overview of the life cycle GHG emissions from wind and hydro power generation, based on relevant published studies. Comparisons with conventional fossil, nuclear and other renewable generation sy

5、stems arealso presented, in order to put the GHG emissions of wind and hydro power in perspective.Studies on GHG emissions from wind and hydro power show large variations in GHG emissions, varying from 0.2 to 152 g CO2-e

6、quivalents per kW h. The main parameters affecting GHG emissions are also discussed in this article, in relation to these variations.The wide ranging results indicate a need for stricter standardised rules and requiremen

7、ts for life-cycle assessments (LCA), in order to differentiate between variations due to methodological disparities and those due to real differences in performance of the plants. Since LCA are resource- and time-intensi

8、ve, development of generic GHG results for each technology could be an alternative to developing specific data for each plant. This would require the definition of typical parameters for each technology, for example a ty

9、pical capacity factor for wind power. Such generic data would be useful in documenting GHG emissions from electricity generation for electricity trading purposes.1. IntroductionAll energy systems emit greenhouse gases (

10、GHGs) and contribute to anthropogenic climate change. Analysis of all the upstream and downstream processes pertaining to a power plant and the associated GHG emissions, e.g. the electricity generation stage, is necessar

11、y in order to obtain a complete climate account of power systems. If this is not carried out, the GHG emissions resulting from the various options for electricity generation can be underestimated. For conventional fossil

12、 fuel technology, upstream GHG emissions can be as much as 25% of the direct emissions from the power plant. For most renewable energy technologies and nuclear power, upstream and downstream GHG emissions can account for