麥弗遜式獨(dú)立懸架外文翻譯

1、獨(dú)立懸架概論轎車底盤的發(fā)展應(yīng)該比發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)展得快。加速性能不斷改善，最高車速和轉(zhuǎn)彎車速愈來愈高以及行駛減速度愈來愈大，要求有更加安全的底盤，獨(dú)立懸架正是適合于此要求。它的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：a． 需用空間?。籦． 前束的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)變化及彈性運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)變化產(chǎn)生不足轉(zhuǎn)向趨勢；c． 易于實(shí)現(xiàn)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的轉(zhuǎn)向；d． 質(zhì)量??；e． 左右車輪互不影響。后兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)對于獲取良好的地面附著性—特別是在起伏的路面作曲線行駛時(shí)—尤為重要。Independent wheel sus

2、pensions-generalThe chassis of a passenger car must be able to handle the engine power installed. Ever-improving acceleration, higher peak and cornering speeds, and deceleration lead to significantly increased requiremen

3、ts for safer chassis. Independent wheel suspensions follow this trend. Their main advantages are:a. little space requirementb. a kinematic and/or elastokinematic toe-in change, tending towards under steering is possible(

4、see Section 3.6)c. easier steerability with existing drive;d. low weight;e. no mutual wheel influence.The last two characteristics are important for good road-holding, especially on bends with an uneven road surface.麥弗遜式

5、懸架是雙橫臂式懸架的發(fā)展，汽車翼子板上的鉸鏈點(diǎn)代替了上橫臂，減振器的活塞桿頭和螺旋彈簧支承在這里。該鉸點(diǎn)承受所有方向的力。這些力在活塞桿中引起彎曲變形。為了避免它引起的不利的外傾角變化和主銷后傾變化，減振器活塞桿直徑必須從 11mm 至少增大到 20mm。如果不改變活塞桿直徑，則通常采用雙筒式減振器。麥弗遜式懸架的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于所有承擔(dān)彈性元件功能和車輪導(dǎo)向功能的零件可組合在一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)單元里。這些零件是：a． 支承螺旋彈簧下端的托盤；b．

6、輔助彈簧 11 或壓縮行程限位塊；c． 拉伸行程限位塊；d． 與拉桿 5 連接的擺軸式橫向穩(wěn)定桿；e． 車輪轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)。這些零件可通過熔焊或硬釬焊，或者是用螺栓固接在外套管上。麥弗遜式懸架的其他優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：a． 由于具有較大的有效距離 c，作用在車身連接點(diǎn) E 和 D 處的力較??；近 10 年來，麥弗遜式懸架大都是用于前橋。但它也經(jīng)常在前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)車輛中用作后懸架。由于空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)緣故，汽車后尾上翹，這就允許活塞導(dǎo)向桿和活塞桿之間的導(dǎo)向長度較大。在圖

7、 1.7 所示的后懸架上：a． 省去了滾動(dòng)軸承；b． 可采用較長的橫臂，它幾乎可伸到汽車中心線位置，從這樣做的缺點(diǎn)是會(huì)使主銷偏移距 變大并為正值而使得外傾角變化和輪距變化合理，并使得加載時(shí)汽 s r車的側(cè)傾中心有微小的下降c． 橫臂外端點(diǎn)可深入車輪內(nèi)，從而獲得較小的距離 b；d． 行李箱深度可增大，并在采用減振器柱式還可加寬；e． 然而，必須通過橡膠的硬度和恰當(dāng)?shù)臋M臂在轉(zhuǎn)向節(jié)上固定點(diǎn)之間的距離來保證不產(chǎn)生不希望的彈性自轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)象。McPh

8、erson struts have become widely used as front axles, but they are also fitted as the rear suspension on front -wheel drive vehicles (e.g. Ford Mondeo sedan). The vehicle tail, which has been raised for aerodynamic reason

9、s, allows a larger bearing span between the piston rod guide and piston. On the rear axle(Fig.1.12).a. The upper strut mount is no longer necessary, as no steering movements occur.b.Longer cross-members, which reach almo