英語學習_gre作文argument模板+錯誤分類_必備

1、1棄我去者，昨日之日不可留 棄我去者，昨日之日不可留亂我心者，今日之日多煩憂 亂我心者，今日之日多煩憂Argument Example調(diào)查 調(diào)查1, Selective sample:樣本選擇，一部分被排除在外 樣本選擇，一部分被排除在外One major problem is about the sample the author studied in the survey. the author considers only...

2、(selective sub-groups) although (the sub-groups the author studied) do constitute a significant part of (the whole general population), however, (many other sub-groups) are actually excluded from the survey. Perhaps...

3、or...without ruling out all the possibilities above, the author could not make any general conclusion about...merely based on (selective sub-groups). 4，14，16，45，63，65，67，80，84，88，90，97，123，146，154，156，168，179，185，193，1

4、96，207， 227，231，232，236，238，2392, Quantity of the sample 樣本數(shù)量 樣本數(shù)量( pointing out that the current sample is too small in its size)(the fact cited by the author) could hardly illustrate the assumption that... because the

5、 author provides only N samples of (the general population),however, (the limited sample) might not be representative of the whole general group. thus we cannot accept the author’s conclusion that...before he/she could

6、 provide more statistic data about (the situation of other sub-groups). 10，14，33，40，53，69，95，115，123，132，139，150，154，158，167，179，180，188，191，2393, Do the statistics make any difference:調(diào)查只調(diào)查了部分情況，忽略了一部分 調(diào)查只調(diào)查了部分情況，忽略了一部

7、分The information provided by the author is insufficient for the author to reach the conclusion. the survey only studies the situation of ...(an(some) insignificant case(s)), however, many other more essential cases (re

8、lated to the final conclusion) were ignored in the survey.(we need to know the condition of some other cases about which we care more/ the current case studied in the survey makes little sense on the final conclusion,

9、the author should provide some more important information about the case he studied. )Lacking further studies on these important issues, the author could not hastily conclude that...merely based on the insignificant st

10、udy. 158，165，183，202，211，217 17，115，147，2205, Who conducted the survey:結(jié)果扭曲，調(diào)查者為了自己的利益 結(jié)果扭曲，調(diào)查者為了自己的利益The reliability of the survey is also open to doubt due to the organization who conducted the survey. (the organizat

11、ion) has vested interest in the final decision/conclusion which was based on the result of the survey, and thus might distort the actual answers of the respondents. (the institution/individuals may benefit greatly from

12、 the result if the result was interpreted as was currently ) Thus, the author should cite a survey which is conducted by an independent institution to convince us that (the assumption). 115，1566, When was the survey con

13、ducted:時間變化 時間變化The effectiveness of the result of the survey cited by the author as main evidence is also open to doubt. The survey was conduct (during a special period, or a long time ago), thus may not reflect the cur

14、rent situations accurately. It is true that ( the survey may reflect the opinions or situations of respondents at the 3168，174，194，201，206，212，218，224，235比較 比較 11, False analogy:錯誤類比 錯誤類比 AB，A 適合 適合 BIn the argument the

15、 author recommends A to carry out same (policies, actions, solutions on ... as B, but the analogy between them might be unsubstantiated. The author fails to illustrate that A and B are similar enough at every aspect an

16、d are indeed comparable. While it is true that A and B share some common ground on ...there are still some obvious differences between them. (many differences exist between A and B and these differences may well render

17、 the policies(actions, solutions, etc) proved to be effective for A might not have the same effectiveness for B ) Before A decide to copy B’s experiences, the author should take these differences into account and make

18、careful study on the comparability of the two (cities, companies, schools, etc). 2，4，9，12，13，16，18，20，25，26，28，29，31，35，38，39，41，42，43，44，55，56，67，72，89， 91，92，94，97，99，102，108，109，110，116，119，124，125，131，132，133，149，152

19、，155，160， 162，169，177，180，182，186，187，192，198，204，205，209，210，211，212，218，226，230，232， 235，236，237，238，23912, Incomplete comparison /selective comparison /ex parte information:錯誤對比 錯誤對比 AB，A 不一定比 不一定比B 好 The author hasti

20、ly implies that A is superior to B in ... but the comparison between A and B is incomplete. The author only compares ... however, there are myriad of factors which, if differ in these cases, would bring about totally di

21、fferent result for the comparison. (many other factors would influence the result while ignored by the author in the argument ) Without any further consideration about these factors, the author could not convince us th

22、at (A is better than B in certain aspect) merely based on an incomplete comparison.13, Confusing comparison and variation:只對比了一部分的變化 只對比了一部分的變化 or vice versa.In the argument the author provides the variation in ...to il

23、lustrate that ...Although the variation in ...could partly prove that ... however, we all know that to demonstrate ...the comparison between A and B is actually more convincing and necessary.: (the comparison between t

24、hose entities could be more convincing in illustrating the conclusion ) Lacking comparison between ... we could not assess if ... 23，48，63，85，106，132，135，168，173，179，180，186，188，206，216，224，240 Incomplete comparison/ex

25、parte information: 2，4，17，24，34，49，51，57，60，63，64，77，81，82，85，93，96，98，101，103，105，109，114， 126，129，131，132，139，151，159，162，166，167，172，173，179，186，187，188，193，200，203， 211，212，214，216，220，222，231，233，234，238，24114, Unr

26、elated concepts:偷換概念 偷換概念I(lǐng)n illustrating the assumption that ...the author commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.: The author cites A to prove B, however, A is not a good indication of B. (there are basic difference

27、s between A and B, thus A could not be properly used to illustrate B ) The author ought to make careful and clear differentiation between A and B before we could evaluate if the inference that ...is justified. 1，3，4，10

28、，11，16，20，23，29，31，34，35，36，38，40，44，48，49，53，55，58，63，67，68，72， 77，80，81，85，87，88，89，91，93，96，101，105，106，107，114，120，121，124，130，132，133， 134，139，140，143，146，153，155，156，160，161，166，167，172，173，175，181，183，187，188， 190