專業(yè)英語(土木工程 路橋方向)李嘉 第三版 翻譯 中英對照

1、Lesson 7 Transportation Systems 交通 交通運輸系統(tǒng) 運輸系統(tǒng)Transportation system in a developed nation consists of a network of modes that have evolved over many years. The system consists of vehicles, guideways, terminal facilities

2、and control systems: these operate according to established procedures and schedules in the air, on land, and on water. The system also requires interaction with the user, the operator and the environment. The systems th

3、at are in place reflect the multitude of decisions made by shippers, carriers, government, individual travelers, and affected nonusers concerning the investment in or the use of transportation. The transportation system

4、that has evolved has produced a variety of modes that complement each other. 在發(fā)達(dá)國家，交通運輸系統(tǒng)由網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)組成的模式已經(jīng)發(fā)展了好多年。這個系統(tǒng)由交通工具、軌道、站場設(shè)施和控制系統(tǒng)組成。這些依照空中、陸上和水上已制定的程序和計劃運轉(zhuǎn)。這個系統(tǒng)也需要和用戶、司機(jī)和環(huán)境互動?，F(xiàn)在的運輸體系可以反映出與投資和使用有關(guān)的多方?jīng)Q定，包括運輸業(yè)主、承運商、政府、每個出行

5、者以及受影響的非使用者等。逐步發(fā)展的交通運輸系統(tǒng)形成了各種互補(bǔ)模式。The U. S. transportation system today is a highly developed, complex network of modes and facilities that furnishes shippers and travelers with a wide range of choices in terms of servic

6、es provided. Each mode offers a unique set of service characteristics in terms of travel time, frequency, comfort, reliability, convenience and safety. The term level of service is used to describe the relative values of

7、 these attributes. The traveler or shipper must compare the level of service offered with the cost in order to make tradeoffs and mode selection. Furthermore, a shipper or traveler can decide to use a public carrier or t

8、o use private (or personal) transportation. For example, a manufacturer can ship goods through a trucking firm or with company trucks, a homeowner who has been relocated can hire a household moving company or rent a truc

9、k, and a commuter can elect to ride the bus to work or drive a car. Each of these decisions involves a complex set of factors that require and flexibility that make it “right for the job” under a certain set of circumsta

10、nces. The automobile is considered to be a reliable, comfortable, flexible and ubiquitous form of personal transportation for many people. However when distances are great and time is at a premium, air transportation wil

11、l be selected, supplemented by the auto for local travel. If cost is important and time is not at a premium, or if an auto is not available, then intercity bus or rail may be used.在費用，旅行時間，方便性和靈活性等方面，每種方式都有自身的優(yōu)勢，從而使得它在特定

12、情形下成為最佳選擇。對很多人來說，汽車是一種可靠、舒適、靈活且普遍存在的私人運輸方式。然而，當(dāng)距離很遠(yuǎn)或者時間很寶貴時，人們將選擇航空運輸并在當(dāng)?shù)剡\輸中補(bǔ)以汽車運輸。如果費用很重要而時間并不緊，或者不能使用汽車時，可以使用城際巴士或火車。Selecting a mode to haul freight follows a similar approach. Trucks have the advantages of flexibilit

13、y and the ability to provide door-to-door service. They can carry a variety of parcel sizes and usually can pick up and deliver to meet the customer’s schedule. Waterways can ship heavy commodities at low cost, but only

14、at slow speeds and between points on a river or canal. Railroads can haul an immense variety of commodities between any two points, but usually require truck transportation to deliver the goods to freight terminal or to

15、their final destination. In each instance, a shipper must decide whether the cost and time advantages are such that the goods should he shipped by truck alone or by a combination of truck, waterway and rail. 選擇貨運方式也可以遵循

16、相似方法?？ㄜ嚨膬?yōu)勢在于靈活和提供門到門服務(wù)?？ㄜ嚳梢赃\送多種尺寸貨物并可以按照客戶時間表上門收取或交付貨物。水運可以低價運送很重的貨物，但是速度很低，并且只能在河流或運河的兩點間運送。鐵路可以在任意兩地間運送大量貨物，但往往需要卡車再將貨物轉(zhuǎn)運到終點或目的地。每種方式，托運商都要權(quán)衡花費和時間來決定只用卡車或者通過卡車、水運和火車聯(lián)運。Many industries have been trying to reduce their p