玉米絲黑穗病和瘤黑粉病抗性的生理生化機制研究.pdf

1、■目前，絲黑穗病和瘤黑粉病已經成為影響玉米產量和品質的主要病害。本研究通過分別接種玉米絲黑穗病菌和瘤黑粉病菌，研究病原菌接種濃度、土壤水分條件對玉米幼苗植株發(fā)病率、生物產量以及相關生理生化性狀的變化規(guī)律，旨在為玉米抗病育種提供科學依據(jù)，本研究獲得以下研究結果：1在玉米絲黑穗病抗性機制研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，在玉米3葉1心期控制土壤含水量分別在238％與474％的濕度條件下的相同之處是：土壤接菌量在2‰時，玉米植株的發(fā)病率達到最高；平均株高和植株鮮重

2、均降到最低；植株的根、莖、葉這三部分可溶性糖含量與丙二醛含量均達到最高。而土壤接菌量在4％0和8％0時，玉米植株的發(fā)病率隨之菌土濃度的增大而降低回落；玉米植株平均株高和平均植株鮮重均隨之菌土濃度的增大而有所回升；植株的根、莖、葉這三部分可溶性糖含量與丙二醛含量均隨著土壤接菌濃度的升高而降低。通過比較發(fā)現(xiàn)：土壤含水量238％比土壤含水量474％的處理中各個菌土濃度的植株發(fā)病率均顯著提高，說明玉米苗期土壤偏旱的情況下，極顯著的有利于玉米絲黑

3、穗病的發(fā)病。另外，土壤含水量分別在238％與474％的濕度條件下，植株體內可溶性糖含量與丙二醛含量均無顯著性差異。2在玉米瘤黑粉病抗性機制研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，玉米3葉l心期植株接菌量在。Oxl&個／mL至9xllP“i“／mL時，玉米植株的發(fā)病率連續(xù)上升；平均株高和平均植株鮮重均降低；玉米植株根、莖、葉中的可溶性糖含量與丙二醛含量均連續(xù)上升。而植株接菌量在’9x103i／mL至15x103i／mL時，植株的發(fā)病率隨菌液濃度的增大而降低回落；植株

4、平均株高和平均植株鮮重均隨茵液濃度的增大有明顯的回升；玉米植株的可溶性糖含量與丙二醛含量均隨之茵液濃度的增大而降低回落。說明，在玉米抗病育種中可采用接菌量為9ltP@／mL的菌液濃度來篩選抗瘤黑粉病的玉米品種。關鍵訶玉米；絲黑穗?。涣龊诜鄄。豢剐浴鋈?cyieldandqualityofmaizeritegreatlyaffectedbyheadsmutandcommonsmut[irethemainlydiseasesIntiffss

5、tudy，SphacelothecareilianaandUstilagomaydiswereinoculatedrespectivelyformaizeinordertofindthechangedrulesofincidenceofdisease，biomassandrelatedphysiologyandbiochemistrytraitstreatedbyinoculationconcentrations，soilwaterco

6、ntentofmaizeseedlingsThemainresultsareasfollows：1Onthreeleaveperiodofmaize，thesoilwatercontentsweredesignedas238％and474％TheincidenceofheadsmutformaizeseedlingsWasShighestwhiletheplantheights，舶shweightweretheminimumtreate

7、dwith2‰SphacelothecareilianaAndsolublesugarcontentandMDAcontentsfromroots，stems，andleavesreachedthehighestAndsoilbybacteriain4of8per‰andmaizeplantswiththeincidenceofsoilbacteriaandtheincreaseofconcentrationlowerbackMaize

8、plantsaverageheightandaverageplant丘eshweightwithalltheincreaseoftheconcentrationofsoilbacteriahaverebounded；Plantroots，stems，leavesthethreepartsofsolublesugarcontentandthecontentofMDA、析msoilbacteriaritebyconcentrationinc

9、reasesandreducedBycomparison：soilwatercontent238％soilmoisturecontent474％oftreatmentthaninalltheconcentrationofsoilbacteriawergsignificantlyimproveplantincidencethatCOlseedlingdrysoilpartial，verysignificanttothepathogenes

10、isofcomheadsmutInadditionsoilmoisturecontent238％and474％respectivelyinthehumidityconditions，theplantbodythanthecontentofsolublesugarandthecontentofMDAthanthere[irenosignificantdifference2Onthree—leaveperiodofmaize，theinci

11、denceofcommonsmutWasincreasedwhentheanaountsofUstilagomaydislowerthan9x10VmLweretransplantedintomaizeseedlingsAverageheightandaverageplantalllowers缸shweight；Cornplantroots，stems，leavesofsolublesugarcontentandthecontentof

12、MDAritecontinuousrisePickuptheamountofbacteriaandplant9xl(P／mLto15xl(P／mL，theincidenceofplantwithbacterialiquidconcentrationandtheincreaseoflowerbackPlantheightandseedling毹shweightwithalltheincreaseoftheconcentrationofth