人工濕地對城市生活污水處理廠尾水再凈化研究.pdf

1、摘 要 人工濕地系統(tǒng)是 20 世紀 80 年代發(fā)展起來的污水處理技術，其過程涉及物理、化學、生物等多方面綜合作用體。本研究是選取了沂河流域常見的水生植物，利用室內實驗培養(yǎng)的實驗方式，對漂浮植物、浮葉植物、挺水植物以及沉水植物凈化水體營養(yǎng)鹽的效果進行研究，并監(jiān)測植物對重污染水體的適應能力和自身對水體的凈化狀況，分析各類植物凈化富營養(yǎng)化水體的能力，篩選出用于人工濕地凈化的污控植被。在人工濕地（位于臨沂市東汶河入云蒙湖處）種植篩選出具有

2、一定經濟價值的污控植被，人工濕地技術處理污水處理廠排放尾水，并對濕地處理系統(tǒng)進行了生態(tài)效益評價。 研究結果如下： （1）植物靜態(tài)培養(yǎng)實驗及水生植物篩選 本研究采用的水生植物對水體中營養(yǎng)物質的去除率結果表明，水生植物對氨氮的去除率大于 95%，去除率峰值為 99.48%；各種水生植物對水體總氮的去除率存在較大的差異，水生植物對水體總氮的去除率為 23%—90%；水生植物對水體磷酸鹽磷和總磷的去除率存也存在差異，相比較而言水體總磷的去除率波

3、動較大，為 14%—90%。根據(jù)實驗結果對水體中營養(yǎng)的去除率的高低，本研究通過污控植物篩選結果篩選出香蒲、黃花鳶尾、水蔥、菖蒲、金魚藻、梭魚草、再力花、千屈菜和美人蕉幾種水生植物。 （2）人工濕地對水體營養(yǎng)鹽的去除效果 由于水生植物的生長，人工濕地對水體中磷的去除效率在夏季 6-10 月份相對較高，為 31 %—48%，由于冬季植物枯萎，因此人工濕地在冬季對磷的去除率相對較低，為 22%—27%。 由于水生植物的生長，人工濕地系統(tǒng)對氮的

4、去除效率在在夏季 6-10 月份相對較高，為 29%—44%。由于冬季植物枯萎，因此人工濕地在冬季對氮的去除率相對較低，為 19%——27%。人工濕地系統(tǒng)對 TN 的去除效率和 TP 的類似，均是在夏季相對較高，在冬季相對較低，這和植物的快速生長和死亡有著直接的關系。 人工濕地系統(tǒng)對 NO3--N 和 NH4+-N 去除效果表明，在 6 和 8 月份中人工濕地系統(tǒng)對 NO3--N 的去除效率相對較高，分別為 32%和 31%，在其它月份

5、相對較低。在6 月份人工濕地系統(tǒng)對 NH4+-N 的去除效率相對較高，為 51%。 濕地內部蘆葦和香蒲氮磷富集總量在 2016 年 8 月份以后逐漸升高，在 12 月份對氮磷的富集達到最大。人工濕地中蘆葦和香蒲富對氮的富集總量最大值分別為 2.99 t 和 3.67 t，對磷的富集總量最大值分別為 2.99 t 和 3.67 t。 Abstract Constructed wetland system is a wastewater t

6、reatment technology developed in 1980s which involves many aspects, such as physics, chemistry, biology and so on. In this study, we selected the common aquatic plants in Yi River Basin, and studied the effects of floa

7、ting plants, floating plants, emergent plants and submerged plants on the nutrient purification of water bodies with the method of laboratory culture, and we monitored the adaptability and water purification status of

8、plants in heavy pollution water body, analyzed the purification ability of different plants on eutrophic water, screened out pollution control vegetation used in artificial wetland purification. In the artificial wetla

9、nd (located in Linyi City, East Timor River into the Yunmeng Lake) planted and screened out plants with certain economic value of pollution control , use the constructed wetland technology to treat tail water discharg

10、ed from sewage treatment plant, conducted ecological benefit evaluation of wetland treatment system. The results are as follows: (1) static cultivation experiment and pollution control plant screening Aquatic plants hav

11、e a certain effect on the purification of nitrogen and phosphorus in water. Study on the use of aquatic plants on the removal rate of nutrients in the water. The results showed that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen

12、was more than 95%, the maximum value of 99.48% , the removal rates of total nitrogen in water body are quite different among various aquatic plants, and the removal rate of total nitrogen by aquatic plants is 23% -90%

13、; In comparison, the removal rate of total phosphorus in water body fluctuates greatly : the minimum value is 14%, the maximum value is 90%. According to the experimental results of water nutrient removal efficiency an

14、d the screening results of pollution controlling plants, calamus, iris pseudoacorus， ceratophyllum demersum， scirpus tabernaemontani， typha orientalis presl， canna indica Lin, thalia dealbata, pontederia cordata and

15、lythrum Salicaria 9 kinds of aquatic plants were selected out to provide reference for the establishment of wetland system. (2) the effect of constructed wetland on the removal of nutrients in water Due to the growth of

16、 aquatic plants, the phosphorus removal efficiency of constructed wetlands in water body is relatively high from 31% to 48% in summer and from 31% to 48% in summer. Due to the withered winter plants, the removal efficie

17、ncy of constructed phosphorus in winter is relatively low , 22% -27%. Due to the growth of aquatic plants, the nitrogen removal efficiency of constructed wetland systems is relatively high from June to October in summer

18、, which is 29% -44%. Due to the withering of winter plants, the removal rate of constructed wetlands in winter is relatively low, ranging from 19% to 27%. The removal efficiencies of TN and TP are similar for construc