中國(guó)北方旱區(qū)保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)效果及其問題和對(duì)策.pdf

1、分類號(hào)：密級(jí)：弋蛾寰t夭雜’農(nóng)業(yè)推廣碩士學(xué)位論文V774158單位代碼：10019學(xué)號(hào)：277149中國(guó)北方旱區(qū)保護(hù)性耕作技術(shù)效果及其問題和對(duì)策TheEffects，ProblemsandStrategiesofConservationTillageInNorthernAridRegionofChina研究生：掛妲指導(dǎo)教師：趙』n教攫合作指導(dǎo)教師：申請(qǐng)學(xué)位類別：盔些推亡亟專業(yè)領(lǐng)域名稱：獨(dú)植業(yè)研究方向：往物栽培堂生越佳堂所在學(xué)院：盔堂皇生

2、物撞苤堂瞳2005年2月AbstractInnorthernaridareaofChinatherearemanyproblemswhichhaverestrictedthedevelopmentofeconomyandsocietysuchasenvironmentaldeterioration，frequentlyoccurredduststorm，croplandsoilwinderosionandloweragricultura

3、lproductivityInordertostudytheeffectsofconservationtillageonresolvingtheseproblems，theeconomic，socialandecologicalbenefitofconservationtillageinthe24testregionsintheNorthofChinahavebeeninvestigatedTheresultswereasfollows

4、：1Multieffectswerefoundinconservationtillage：(1)ConservationtillagecanpreventsoilwinderosionThesuspensiontransportgranules(diaO05mm)percentageintibbagrassland，fieldswithtraditionalandconservationtillagewereO62％，1899％，308

5、7％，2876％，respectivelyTheconservationtillagecanreducesoilwinderosionto1488％indifferentconditionsItconfirmedthattheuncoveredcroplandanddegenerategrasslandarethesourceoftheduststorm，(2)Studiesonsoilcharactersshowedthatsoilw

6、atercontentandnutritionstatusincreasedandsurfacelayertemperaturedecreasedItindicatedthatconservationtillagehadpositiveandnegativeeffectsonsoileconomybutthetotaleffectswereinfavorofcroplandeconomyconservationandcropgrowth

7、(3)YieldofmaincropsinnorthChinawereimprovedinconservationtillageconditionThereintotheamplitudeofmelonisthebiggest(2419％)whiletheamplitudeofwheatisthesmallest(5％)；Differenttypesofmaizeunderconservationtillageusuallygothig

8、heryieldthanthoseunderconventionaltillageandtheamplitudeis82％inaverageUnderconservationtillagethedeepploughgaineda2841％yieldimprovementandnotill1497％(4)Variousdegreesofcostssavingandbenefitsincreasingwereshowedinconserva

9、tiontillageinseveralcrops，especiallyineconomiecropsForexamplemaltingbarleyunderconservationtillagecansavecostswith70～l10yuan／6667m2andincreasebenefitSwith8454yuan／6667m2Tosumup，conservationtillageCanevidentlyimprovetheyi

10、eldofcrops，savecosNandincreasebenefit2、TherearealotofproblemswhichlimiteddevelopmentofconservationaltillageinnorthernaridareaofChinaThetechnicalproblemsshowedthat：FirsttechnicalsystemWasunperfected，andthecountermeasureis

11、totakeadvantageofagriculturetechnicalbebreakthetraditioncultivateform；Second，thesoiltemperatureWaSlOWandthecountermeasureistoselectappropriatecultivarsandemploydeepploughtocompensateit；Third，weedscontrollingweredifficult

12、，andthecountermeasureistouseintegrativemethodsofbiological，chemicalandagronomicalwaystopreventandcuretheweedspreadPropagandizingandgovernmentsustainingarethemusttocopewiththecognitionproblemsonconservationtillageThepolic

13、yproblemswerethatrudimentarychangeswerenotoccurredinpolicyandconditions，governmentmusttakechargeoftheproject，establisharlintegrativeservicesystemofresearcheducation，spreading，andpromotetheapplicationandspreadingofconserv