28914.毛烏素沙地東南緣人工植被結(jié)構(gòu)與生態(tài)功能研究

1、摘要摘要縱觀國內(nèi)外關(guān)于人工植被的相關(guān)研究，多集中于小尺度、單目標(biāo)和簡單的對(duì)比分析研究，而對(duì)于如何建立高效、穩(wěn)定、優(yōu)化的人工植被配置模式，怎樣從根本上保證人工植被建設(shè)高效發(fā)展，維持結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性和功能持續(xù)性等方面缺乏系統(tǒng)性研究?？茖W(xué)、系統(tǒng)地對(duì)人工植被結(jié)構(gòu)與功能進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)和有效調(diào)控，是當(dāng)前生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的需求熱點(diǎn)和巫待解決的重大問題。為此，本研究以景觀生態(tài)學(xué)、系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論為基礎(chǔ)，通過區(qū)域標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地調(diào)查與定位試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合、單項(xiàng)技術(shù)與綜合配

2、套技術(shù)措施相結(jié)合、定位對(duì)比觀測(cè)與實(shí)驗(yàn)分析相結(jié)合，應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)分析方法和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)地研究了毛烏素沙地東南緣榆林沙區(qū)人工植被的結(jié)構(gòu)配置、生態(tài)功能和調(diào)控技術(shù)，建立了綜合生態(tài)效益評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，綜合評(píng)價(jià)了防風(fēng)固沙林的生態(tài)功能，提出了適應(yīng)不同立地類型的人工植被合理結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)化配置模式及調(diào)控技術(shù)，為科學(xué)指導(dǎo)防沙治沙工程的順利實(shí)施提供了理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐，對(duì)區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)有著重要的和現(xiàn)實(shí)的指導(dǎo)意義。研究成果在區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)處理的科學(xué)性、廣泛性、關(guān)聯(lián)性和系統(tǒng)

3、性等方面具有一定創(chuàng)新。研究的主要結(jié)論為:(1)采用層次分析法、因子分析法和綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型，從大尺度對(duì)榆林沙區(qū)人工植被立地因子進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)，按照綜合評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)進(jìn)行了立地分區(qū)劃分和樹種選擇研究，并采用灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析法對(duì)主要樹種適宜性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)和排序:灌木為花棒H.scoparium(1.0)踏05Hedysarunlaeve(0.86)沙柳Salixpsammophila(0.84)檸條Caraganakorshinskii(0.83)紫穗槐A

4、morphafruticasaL(0.77)》沙地柏Sabinavulgaris(0.65)喬木依次為合作楊Populusopera(1.0)樟子松PinussylvestrisL.Par.MongoLicaLitvin(0.70)側(cè)柏Platycladusorientalis(L)Franco(0.66)油松PinustabulueformisCarr(0.60)“4“葉楊PopulussimoniiCarr.(0.58).(2)從植

5、被群落及景觀格局特征與動(dòng)態(tài)新角度研究了人工植被演替規(guī)律及其機(jī)理。研究表明，榆林沙地植被具有明顯的水平層片結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)立地條件的差異，分別形成以踏郎和紫穗槐為優(yōu)勢(shì)建群種的兩類群落引起植被群落演替和景觀格局變化的主要驅(qū)動(dòng)因素是水分變化和人類活動(dòng)在人工林的介入下，沙地植被經(jīng)歷天然稀疏草本階段—人工灌木固沙林階段—人工灌木天然草本階段—天然草本優(yōu)勢(shì)種階段的演替過程，使植被層次結(jié)構(gòu)更加復(fù)雜，功能趨于穩(wěn)定。(3)采用動(dòng)態(tài)仿真理論系統(tǒng)地研究了人工植被的

6、結(jié)構(gòu)配置，提出了基于土地資IABSTRACTStudyonStructureandEcologicalFunctionofArtificialVegetationinSoutheasternMarginofMaowusuSandLandDoctoralCandiadate:GaoGuoxiong(SpecialtyofEcologyandEnvironmentEngineer)Directed衍ProfessorZhouXincheng

7、ABSTRACTTakingawholeviewofthedomesticresearchesontheartificialvegetationmostofthemareconcentratedonsmallscalesingleobjectandsimplecontrastthestu勿ontheestablishmentofanefficientstableandoptimizationartificialvegetationmod

8、elonthemethodsofhowtoensuretheartificialvegetationdevelopeficientlyandmaintainthestructurestableandthefunctionsustainabledevelopmentarelackofsystemicresearch.Todaycomprehensivelyevaluatingandefectivelyregulatingthestabil

9、itystructureandecologicalfunctionofartificialvegetationisahotresearchspotandnedtobedissolvedinthefieldofecologyandenvironmentconstruction.Thereforebasedontheoriesoflandscapeecologysystemsengineeringandsustainabledevelopm

10、entaccordingtocombingstandardplotinvestigationandpermanentplotobservationsingletechnologyandcorrespondingtechnologylocatedobservationandexperimentalanalysismathematicalmethodsandcomputertechnologytoanalyzethestructurecon

11、figurationecologicalfunctionandcontroltechnologyofartificialvegetationofYulindesertinthesoutheasternmarginofMaowususandlandestablishthecomprehensiveindexessystemofecologicalbenefitsevaluationevaluatetheecologicalfunction

12、ofsandbindingandwindcontrollingputforwardthereasonablestructureoptimizeallocationmodeandcontroltechnologyfordiferentartificialvegetationsprovideatheoreticalfoundationandtechnologicalsupportforimplementationofantidesertif

13、icationprojectalltheseworkareveryimportantandhaveagreatsignificanceinguid噸thepracticefortheconstrictionofecologicalenvironment.Theresearchresultsareinnovativeinsomeaspectssuchasscienceuniversalityrelevancyandsystemicaspe

14、ct.Themainconclusionsshowasfollowing:(1)TakingtheapproachoflevelanalysisfactoranalysisandcomprehensiveevaluationmodeltocomprehensivelyevaluatethevegetationsitefactorsofYulindesertinlargescaleaccordingtothecomprehensivein

15、dextoimplementthesiteareadivisionandthesuitabletrespecieschosen妙usingthegrayinterrelatedanalyticalmethodtoevaluatethemainspeciessuitabilitytheorderoftheshrubisH.scoparium(1.0)Hedysarunlaeve(0.86)Salixpsanunophila(0.84)Ca

16、raganakorshinskii(0.83)AmorphafruticasaL(0.77)Sabinavulgaris(0.65)andthesuitabilityorderofthearboris:Populusopera(1.0)PinussylvestrisL.Yar.MongoLicaLitvin(0.70)Platycladusorientalis(L.)Franco(0.66)PinustabulueformisCam(0