外文翻譯-- 水性聚氨酯

1、<p><b>　　外文資料翻譯</b></p><p>　　Water-borne polyurethane </p><p>　　The water-borne polyurethane resin already gradually replace the solvent-based, become the important direction of

2、 polyurethane industry. The water-borne polyurethane can be widely used in coating, adhesive, coated fabric and finishing agent, leather finishing agent, paper surface treated and fiber surface treated. </p><p

3、>　　This project funded by the national natural science funds research and ten years of research, has become a mature anion type polyurethane emulsion and cation emulsifying since emulsified polyurethane emulsion type

4、synthesis modification since the technology, can provide 1 tons/day water-borne polyurethane production capacity of production set of technology and equipment technology. This project can be based on user needs, for form

5、ula design of waterborne polyurethane with adjustment to meet requ</p><p>　　The water-borne polyurethane whole synthetic process can be divided into two phases. The first stage for, namely the advance gradua

6、lly polymerization oligomer glycol, chain extension agent, water-based monomer and diisocyanate through a solution gradually polymerization generating relative molecular mass for l000 middleweight of waterborne polyureth

7、ane; The second stage for neutralization of prepolymerization body in the water after the scattered. </p><p>　　Waterborne PU due to its environmental protection, although history is not long, but is developi

8、ng very fast. The water-borne polyurethane including PU solution, water dispersed and water emulsion three, colloidal system for binary, polyurethane (PU) particles scattered the prototype, also have called studied.it wa

9、terborne PU or water-based PU. </p><p>　　Due to the diversity of polyurethane materials and formula, the water-borne polyurethane development 40 years or so of time, people have developed many kinds of prepa

10、ration methods and preparation formula. The water-borne polyurethane varities, can press a variety of methods classification. </p><p>　　1. With appearance points </p><p>　　The water-borne polyu

11、rethane polyurethane emulsion, polyurethane can be divided into dispersed, pu solution. The actual application is the largest polyurethane emulsion and dispersed, </p><p>　　2. According to the use form of po

12、ints </p><p>　　The water-borne polyurethane adhesive according to using single-component forms can be divided into two categories. And two components Can use directly without crosslinking agent, or can be us

13、ed to obtain the required performance water-borne polyurethane called single-component aqueous pu adhesives. If used alone cannot obtain the desired performance, must add crosslinking agent; Or general single-component w

14、ater-borne polyurethane after adding cross-linking agent can improve adhesive ability, i</p><p>　　3. To the nature points hydrophilic groups </p><p>　　According to polyurethane molecular side ch

15、ain or main chain, namely whether it contains ion groups of polymer (from whether ionic norbornene-type homopolymers), can be divided into anionic water-borne polyurethane type, cationic of non-ionic,. Contain anion and

16、cation water-borne polyurethane (also called from water-borne polyurethane norbornene-type homopolymers type). </p><p>　　4. With polyurethane materials points </p><p>　　According to the main oli

17、gomer polyols types can be divided into polyether type, polyester and polyolefin type etc, are refers to using polyether polyols, polyester polyols, like polybutadiene glycol as oligomer polyols water-borne polyurethane

18、made. And polyether - polyester, polyether - like polybutadiene mixed with polyurethane isocyanate raw material points, can be divided into aromatic isocyanate type, aliphatic isocyanate type, fat alicyclic isocyanate ty

19、pe. According to the specific mater</p><p>　　5. According to the overall structure of the polyurethane resin division </p><p>　　(1) by raw material and structure can be divided into polyurethane

20、 emulsion, vinyl polyurethane emulsion, much isocyanate emulsion, closing polyurethane emulsion. Polyurethane emulsion refers to the oligomer polyols and extender chain agent and diisocyanate as raw materials, usually me

21、thods of polyurethane dispersed in water preparation by the formation of the emulsion. Vinyl polyurethane emulsion generally refers to in vinyl resin emulsion aqueous or add isocyanate emulsion, is formed two-compo</p

22、><p>　　(2) polyurethane emulsion also can be divided for polyurethane emulsion and polyurethane emulsion, the latter urea - means that the polyurethane dispersed in water and through water or 2 amine extender c

23、hain, formed the polyurethane emulsion, essentially generated by urea, but because -- prepolymerization body for more common scattered legal system, the custom of polyurethane emulsion is called the majority. </p>

24、<p>　　(3) according to the molecular structure can be divided into linear molecules polyurethane emulsion (thermoplastic) and crosslinking polyurethane emulsion (thermoset). Crosslinking type and can be divided int

25、o twelve diplomatic league type within. Various league polyurethane emulsion within the synthesis is formed when a certain degree of branched crosslinking molecular structure, or the sexual group, it is related to the st

26、ability of one-component system. Diplomatic united are added in the emul</p><p>　　The water-borne polyurethane coatings </p><p>　　The water-borne polyurethane coating is the water-borne polyuret

27、hane carbonblack and taking water as a kind of coating scattered medium. Through the crosslinking modification of waterborne polyurethane coating with good storage stability, coating mechanical properties, resistance to

28、water resistance, solvent resistance, ageing resistance properties, but also with the traditional solvent polyurethane coating performance similar waterborne pu coatings, is one of the important developing direction.<

29、/p><p>　　(1) thermosetting polyurethane coatings. Crosslinking polyurethane can increase its solvent and hydrolysis resistance and stability. Polyurethane moisture with small medium in application of crosslinki

30、ng agent with the system that mixes composition of thermosetting waterborne pu coatings, also called foreign league waterborne pu coatings. The main use of crosslinking agent how functional n c organism, amino resin (thr

31、ee polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or special polyesterimid resin of epoxy resin, etc.</p><p>　　(2) the different acid ester containing closed waterborne pu coatings. The coating film raw materials by many isocyana

32、te components and two parts containing hydroxyl components. Many isocyanate be phenol or other including single functional compounds have closed lively hydrogen atoms, so two parts can close pack without reaction, a sing

33、le component coating, and have good storage stability. Many isocyanate components and phenol, malonates, caprolactam reacts blocker such as ammonia ester keys, an</p><p>　　(3) ambient curable waterborne pu c

34、oatings. For some thermal mass and large workpieces, cannot use the heating of the crosslinking, must use room temperature cross-linking water-borne polyurethane coatings. American air products and chemical company repor

35、ts, through and water more isocyanate dispersibility, combining can improve the hydroxyl waterborne polyurethane prepolymer/acrylates mixture, especially hydroxyl acrylates mixture of performance. Such waterborne pu coat

36、ings, using special much </p><p>　　(4) uv-curable waterborne pu coatings. Uv-curable aqueous polyurethanes coating using electron beam radiation, high intensity of ultraviolet radiation caused low activity o

37、f radiation norbornene-type homopolymers system produce crosslinking curing, at present mainly by uv-curable form. Use first unsaturated polyester polyols preparation pre-polymer, then introduce particle in the conventio

38、nal way, the hydrophilic groups made after processing in the Lord with the chain of polyurethane moisture me</p><p>　　(5) the third generation of waterborne polyurethane coatings (PU years). Polyurethane (PU

39、) emulsion and poly (acrylic acid emulsion (P years), compared with its solvent products with low price, security, not burning, non-toxic, no pollution, etc. Pure P years emulsion resistance, water resistance and existin

40、g chemical resistance, the defects of a single character difference of PU emulsion also has some disadvantages, such as stability, BaiZeng thick sex and membrane protect light sex differences</p><p><b>

41、;　　水性聚氨酯</b></p><p>　　聚氨酯樹(shù)脂的水性化已逐步取代溶劑型，成為聚氨酯工業(yè)發(fā)展的重要方向。水性聚氨酯可廣泛應(yīng)用于涂料、膠粘劑、織物涂層與整理劑、皮革涂飾劑、紙張表面處理劑和纖維表面處理劑。 </p><p>　　本項(xiàng)目經(jīng)過(guò)國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助研究及十多年的研發(fā)，已具有成熟的陰離子型自乳化聚氨酯乳液和陽(yáng)離子型自乳化聚氨酯乳液合成改性的技術(shù)，可提供1噸/天生產(chǎn)

42、能力的水性聚氨酯生產(chǎn)的整套工藝和設(shè)備技術(shù)。本項(xiàng)目可根據(jù)用戶的需求，對(duì)水性聚氨酯進(jìn)行配方設(shè)計(jì)與調(diào)整以滿足實(shí)際使用的要求，并可結(jié)合納米雜化技術(shù)制備高性能的水性聚氨酯。 </p><p>　　水性聚氨酯整個(gè)合成過(guò)程可分為兩個(gè)階段。第一階段為預(yù)逐步聚合，即由低聚物二醇、擴(kuò)鏈劑、水性單體、二異氰酸酯通過(guò)溶液逐步聚合生成相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為l000量級(jí)的水性聚氨酯預(yù)聚體；第二階段為中和后預(yù)聚體在水中的分散。 </p>

43、<p>　　水性PU因其具有環(huán)保作用，雖然歷史不長(zhǎng)，但發(fā)展非常迅速。水性聚氨酯包括聚氨酯水溶液、水分散液和水乳液三種，為二元膠態(tài)體系，聚氨酯（PU）粒子分散于連續(xù)的水相中，也有人稱水性PU或水基PU</p><p>　　由于聚氨酯原料和配方的多樣性，水性聚氨酯開(kāi)發(fā)40年左右的時(shí)間，人們已研究出許多種制備方法和制備配方。水性聚氨酯品種繁多，可以按多種方法分類。 </p><p>

44、<b>　　1. 以外觀分 </b></p><p>　　水性聚氨酯可分為聚氨酯乳液、聚氨酯分散液、聚氨酯水溶液。實(shí)際應(yīng)用最多的是聚氨酯乳液及分散液， </p><p>　　2. 按使用形式分 </p><p>　　水性聚氨酯膠粘劑按使用形式可分為單組分及雙組分兩類?？芍苯邮褂?，或無(wú)需交聯(lián)劑即可得到所需使用性能的水性聚氨酯稱為單組分水性聚氨酯膠

45、粘劑。若單獨(dú)使用不能獲得所需的性能，必須添加交聯(lián)劑；或者一般單組分水性聚氨酯添加交聯(lián)劑后能提高粘接性能，在這些情況中，水性聚氨酯主劑和交聯(lián)劑二者就組成雙組分體系。 </p><p>　　3. 以親水性基團(tuán)的性質(zhì)分 </p><p>　　根據(jù)聚氨酯分子側(cè)鏈或主鏈上是否含有離子基團(tuán)，即是否屬離子鍵聚合物（離聚物)，水性聚氨酯可分為陰離子型、陽(yáng)離子型、非離子型。含陰、陽(yáng)離子的水性聚氨酯又稱為離聚

46、物型水性聚氨酯。 </p><p>　　4. 以聚氨酯原料分 </p><p>　　按主要低聚物多元醇類型可分為聚醚型、聚酯型及聚烯烴型等，分別指采用聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚丁二烯二醇等作為低聚物多元醇而制成的水性聚氨酯。還有聚醚-聚酯、聚醚—聚丁二烯等混合 以聚氨酯的異氰酸酯原料分，可分為芳香族異氰酸酯型、脂肪族異氰酸酯型、脂環(huán)族異氰酸酯型。按具體原料還可細(xì)分，如TDI型、HDI型，等

47、等。 </p><p>　　5. 按聚氨酯樹(shù)脂的整體結(jié)構(gòu)劃分 </p><p>　　(1) 按原料及結(jié)構(gòu)可分為聚氨酯乳液、乙烯基聚氨酯乳液、多異氰酸酯乳液、封閉型聚氨酯乳液。聚氨酯乳液是指以低聚物多元醇、擴(kuò)鏈劑、二異氰酸酯為原料，以通常方法制備的聚氨酯分散于水所形成的乳液。乙烯基聚氨酯乳液一般指在乙烯基樹(shù)脂水溶液或乳液中加入異氰酸酯而形成的乳液，是雙組分體系。多異氰酸酯乳液是指含親水基團(tuán)多

48、異氰酸酯乳化于水，或多異氰酸酯的有機(jī)溶液分散于含乳化劑的水而形成的乳液，也是雙組分即用即配體系，適用期較短。封閉型異氰酸酯乳液是指分子中含有被封閉的異氰酸酯基團(tuán)的聚氨酯乳液，是一種穩(wěn)定的單組分體系。在制備聚氨酯乳液時(shí)司引入封閉異氰酸酯基團(tuán)，也可制成封閉異氰酸酯基團(tuán)含量高的乳液，用于和其他乳液體系共混，起交聯(lián)作用，水分揮發(fā)后加熱交聯(lián) </p><p>　　(2) 聚氨酯乳液還可細(xì)分為聚氨酯乳液和聚氨酯-脲乳液，后者

49、是指由聚氨酯預(yù)聚體在水中分散同時(shí)通過(guò)水或二胺擴(kuò)鏈而形成的乳液，實(shí)質(zhì)上生成了聚氨酯—脲，但由于由預(yù)聚體分散法制備較為普遍，習(xí)慣上稱為聚氨酯乳液者居多。 </p><p>　　(3) 按分子結(jié)構(gòu)可分為線性分子聚氨酯乳液(熱塑性)和交聯(lián)型聚氨酯乳液(熱固性)。交聯(lián)型又可細(xì)分為內(nèi)交聯(lián)和外交聯(lián)型。內(nèi)交聯(lián)型聚氨酯乳液是在合成時(shí)形成一定程度的支化交聯(lián)分子結(jié)構(gòu)，或引入可熱反應(yīng)性基團(tuán)，它是穩(wěn)定的單組分體系。外交聯(lián)是在乳液中添加能與

50、聚氨酯分子鏈中基團(tuán)起反應(yīng)的交聯(lián)劑，是雙組分體系。 </p><p><b>　　水性聚氨酯涂料</b></p><p>　　水性聚氨酯涂料是以水性聚氨酯樹(shù)脂為基料并以水為分散介質(zhì)的一類涂料。通過(guò)交聯(lián)改性的水性聚氨酯涂料具有良好的貯存穩(wěn)定性、涂膜機(jī)械性能、耐水性、耐溶劑性及耐老化性能，而且與傳統(tǒng)的溶劑型聚氨酯涂料的性能相近，是水性聚氨酯涂料的一個(gè)重要發(fā)展方向。目前的品種

51、主要包括熱固型聚氨酯涂料和含封閉異氰酸酯的水性聚氨酯涂料等幾個(gè)品種。 </p><p>　　(1) 熱固型聚氨酯涂料。交聯(lián)的聚氨酯能增加其耐溶劑性及水解穩(wěn)定性。聚氨酯水分散體在應(yīng)用時(shí)與少量外加交聯(lián)劑混合組成的體系叫熱固型水性聚氨酯涂料，也叫做外交聯(lián)水性聚氨酯涂料。使用的交聯(lián)劑主要有多官能團(tuán)的氮丙啶、氨基樹(shù)脂(三聚氯胺樹(shù)脂)或?qū)Ｓ玫沫h(huán)氧樹(shù)脂等。采用氮丙啶，一般用量為聚氨酯質(zhì)量的3%-5%，就有很好的交聯(lián)薄膜生成；

52、</p><p>　　(2) 含封閉異氨酸酯的水性聚氨酯涂料。該涂料的成膜原料由多異氰酸酯組分和含羥基組分兩部分組成。多異氰酸酯被苯酚或其它含單官能團(tuán)的活潑氫原子的化合物所封閉，因此兩部分可以合裝而不反應(yīng)，成為單組分涂料，并具有良好的貯藏穩(wěn)定性。多異氰酸酯組分與苯酚、丙二酸酯、己內(nèi)酰胺等封閉劑反應(yīng)生成氨酯鍵，而氨酯鍵在加熱的情況下又裂解生成異氰酸酯，再與羥基組分反應(yīng)生成聚氨酯。因此封閉型聚氨酯水性涂料的成膜就是利

53、用不同結(jié)構(gòu)的氨酯鍵的熱穩(wěn)定性的差異，以較穩(wěn)定的氨酯鍵來(lái)取代較弱的氨酯鍵。封閉劑的種類很多，但是芳香族異氰酸酯水性聚氨酯涂料主要用苯酚或甲酚。脂肪族水性聚氨酯漆則不用酚類，以免變色，可采用乳酸乙酯、己內(nèi)酰胺、丙二酸二乙酯、乙酰丙酮、乙酰乙酸乙酯等； </p><p>　　(3) 室溫固化水性聚氨酯涂料。對(duì)于某些熱敏基材和大型制件，不能采用加熱的方式交聯(lián)，必須采用室溫交聯(lián)的水性聚氨酯涂料。美國(guó)空氣產(chǎn)品和化學(xué)公司報(bào)道，

54、通過(guò)與水分散性多異氰酸酯結(jié)合，可以改進(jìn)水性端羥基聚氨酯預(yù)聚物/丙烯酸酯混合物，尤其是羥基丙烯酸酯混合物的性能。此類水性聚氨酯涂料，采用特制的多異氰酸酯交聯(lián)劑，即含(-NCO)端基的異氰酸酯預(yù)聚物，經(jīng)親水處理后分散于各種含羥基聚合物中而形成的分散體，與多種含羥基聚合物水分散體組成能在室溫固化的聚氨酯水性涂料。</p><p>　　(4) 光固化水性聚氨酯涂料。光固化水性聚氨酯涂料采用電子束輻射、紫外光輻射的高強(qiáng)度輻

55、射引發(fā)低活性的聚物體系產(chǎn)生交聯(lián)固化，目前以紫外光固化形式為主。先用不飽和聚酯多元醇制備預(yù)聚物，然后用常規(guī)的方法引進(jìn)粒子基團(tuán)，經(jīng)親水處理后制得在主鏈上帶雙鍵的聚氨酯水分散體，再與易溶的高活性三丙烯酸烷氧基酯單體、光敏劑等助劑混合得到光固化水性聚氨酯涂料； </p><p>　　(5) 第三代水性聚氨酯涂料(PUA)。聚氨酯(PU)乳液和聚丙烯酸(PA)乳液同其溶劑型產(chǎn)品相比，具有價(jià)廉，安全，不燃燒，無(wú)毒，不污染環(huán)境