外文翻譯---嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計

1、<p>　　The Design of Embedded MCU Network Measure and</p><p>　　Control System</p><p>　　GAO Guanwang, WANG Yanpeng, SHA Zhanyou</p><p>　　College of Information Science and Engine

2、ering,Hebei University of Science and Technology, ,Shijiazhuang Hebei, China</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　This paper introduces a type of embedded MCU network measure and contro

3、l system based on Ethernet, which adopts high speed MCU with kernel of 8052. Through controlling the special chip for Ethernet, the system realized the function of TCP/IP protocol. Since the system can be used as a indep

4、endent system, any computer on the net can control the system or transmit order and data to the system through standard TCP/IP protocol. Equipped the system by digital temperature sensor, it can be used to mea</p>

5、<p>　　Keywords: Embedded MCU Network Measure and Control System; Ethernet; System parameter; Digital Temperature Sensor.</p><p>　　1.Introduction</p><p>　　The development history of the mea

6、sure and control system experienced six phases in the following. (1)The traditional control system consists of MCU, PC or IPC. (2) The measurement and control system based on PC bus. (3) Distributed Control System (DCS).

7、 (4) DCS system based on LAN. (5) HART bus which is developed by the 2-wire 4mA ~ 20mA standard signal, and is a kind of fieldbus used between the intelligent field equipment and automatic control equipment. (6) Since 90

8、s of the 20th century, wit</p><p>　　The existing network control equipment use mostly MODEM chip, with the PPP protocol dialing to the internet or special network by telephone network. Although this method c

9、an realize the network control and data transmission, it depends on the telephone, make its use cost increase significantly. Additionally, transmission speed is no more than several hundreds kbps (usually only a few tens

10、 kbps or lower) because of the limit of telephone network, and it is not adequate for the needs of large quan</p><p>　　2.Design Scheme of Edesign Plandesign Plandesign Plandesign Plandesign Planmbedded Micro

11、controller Network System</p><p>　　It is a type of embedded MCU measure and control system based on Ethernet network system, using a microprocessor with 8052 as kernel. It realized common ARP, IP, ICMP, TCP

12、and UDP protocol part function of TCP/IP on Ethernet by controlling RTL8019AS which is a special Ethernet chip. It can be used as an independent system on Ethernet network. Any computer on Ethernet can visit the system v

13、ia the standard TCP/IP protocol, transport control commands or data among them. The system function has the </p><p>　　In order to realize the standard TCP/IP protocol with microcontroller, Winbond Company W7

14、8E58 MCU production is used as main control chip in the circuit design. The W78E58 MCU can meet the following three conditions: the first, it is compatible with MCS - 51 series microcontroller, the second, the internal p

15、rogram memory is 32KB, and it is enough to write into a large program, the third, fast clock frequency can reach the 40MHz level.</p><p>　　Figure 1. circuit block diagram of embedded C network system</p&g

16、t;<p>　　The W78E58 as the center, along with the direction of data transmission, it can constitute two main function modules: one is data acquisition channel, which is connected the W78E58 serial input/output port

17、 via MAX232 interface chip, the Two is finishing read and write operations or control to Ethernet interface chip and 32KB external RAM (62256) via W78E58 P0 port and P2 port. So sensors (or controller) data or control si

18、gnal come from the network was first Ethernet chip received, and then sent </p><p>　　Figure 2. system program flow diagram</p><p>　　The two light-emitting diodes are connected to the two serial

19、port data lines to indicate serial data status.</p><p>　　3.Embedded Microcontroller Network System Circuit Design</p><p>　　Network sensor adopts the American DALLAS company DS1821 1-wire program

20、mable digital temperature sensor. MCU adopts Atmel company AT89C51 microcontroller, which is fully compatible with MCS - 51 series microcontroller. It has 4KB Flash program memory to store user’s program avoid extending

21、external program memory. In order to adapt embedded microcontroller network system, it receives control commands, data, and transmits the values of temperature and states through serial port. Serial port level</p>

22、<p>　　The DS1821 has two operating modes: 1-Wire mode and thermostat mode. The 1-Wire mode is fit as</p><p>　　digital thermometer or temperature measuring system; in thermostat mode, user need to progr

23、am to</p><p>　　constitute the temperature control system. Two working mode can transform each other. The AT89C51</p><p>　　chip converts control commands and data received by serial port into 1-w

24、ire signal for DS1821 , then</p><p>　　send to DS1821, thus it accomplished control DS1821. The DS1821 return 1-wire signal of status value or temperature value. The AT89C51 recognise and convert these signal

25、 and send out from the serial port.</p><p>　　The W78E58 microcontroller uses 22.1184 MHz crystal oscillator, as figure 3 shows. The power-up reset circuit composed by C1 and R3. The preset switch S1-1 is use

26、d to set entering setting status or normal working status when the system power up. The P1.5 (net label RESET) connects to RESET pin of network card, and accomplishes the reset funtion to the network card.</p><

27、;p>　　Figure 3. W78E58 MCU circuit diagram</p><p>　　The RAM memory 62256 connects to MCU with typical circuit. The 74HC373 is used to latch the low 8 bits address bus. The 62256 address range is 0x0000~ 0x

28、7FFF. The SDA and SCL pins on external</p><p>　　memory AT24C02 connect to MCU P1.7 and P1.6 pins respectively. The W78E58 software simulate the</p><p>　　timing of I2C bus on P1.6, P1.7 pins, thu

29、s it accomplished read and write operations of AT24C02. The</p><p>　　write protect pin connect to low-level, does not perform the write protect. While connecting A0, A1, A2</p><p>　　pins to GND,

30、 read and write address is respectively 0xA1 and 0xA0. The serial interface chip MAX232</p><p>　　pins of CPUTXD and CPURXD connect to MCU pins of TXD and , RXD respectively.</p><p>　　This system

31、 can use any ISA interface network card which is compatible with NE2000. The new</p><p>　　network card can be set with their own set program on computers in order to meet the basic requirements</p>&l

32、t;p>　　of the embedded network system. The specific procedures are as follows:</p><p>　　(1) Enter into the ms-dos operating systems, run network card set program.</p><p>　　(2) According to the

33、 table 1 set the network card.</p><p>　　(3) Choose "YES" to exit the setting program and these settings take effect. Pull out this card from the</p><p>　　computer, insert it into the s

34、ystem board.</p><p>　　4.System Parameters Custom Settings</p><p>　　The network system provides custom function of initialization parameters. The user can flexibly and</p><p>　　conve

35、niently set all system initialization parameters by using "super system" tool of Windows operating</p><p><b>　　system.</b></p><p>　　Firstly, connect the system serial port

36、to a computer serial port, here is COM2. From the “start” menu,</p><p>　　select "program" -"attachment" -"communication", lauch hyper system, and there is a "connection<

37、/p><p>　　describe " dialog box, waiting to input a connection name, enter "setup" and click the "ok". </p><p>　　Then a “connect to” window appears, at "connection with

38、" place, choose COM2 which is connection port between system and computer and click "ok". Then set the communication parameters for COM2 in "COM2 attribute" setting window. Click "ok" t

39、o enter the hyper system main interface.</p><p>　　In order to get better result in the process of configuration parameters, it is necessary to set “hyper</p><p>　　system”more detailedly. Click &

40、quot;properties" button on the toolbar, open “properties” dialog box. Choose</p><p>　　"Settings", click "ASCII code set" button in ASCII Settings window. After finishing these settin

41、gs the</p><p>　　system return to main interface, "hyper system" in a waiting connection status.</p><p>　　Put preset switch S1-1 to "OFF" position, the green light display ser

42、ial port data transmission and the</p><p>　　red light display the network data transmission.</p><p>　　5 The Program Design Essential and Application Of Network Sense System</p><p>　

43、　MCU accomplish writing and reading data to DS1821 with timing. The timing transmits data bits and</p><p>　　command word decided which kind of operation is needed</p><p>　　5.1.Write timing</p

44、><p>　　The MCU pull I/O pin (1-wire bus) from high level to low level as a start of of writing cycle. Write</p><p>　　timing includes two types: write “1” timing and write “0” timing. The time keep

45、at least 60us, there is 1s restore time between two write cycles at least.</p><p>　　DS1821 take a sampling in 15s-60s time after the I/O line change into a low level. If I/O line is</p><p>　　hig

46、h level that one bit “1” is writed, if I/O line is low level that one bit “0” is writed. Write timing</p><p>　　waveform is shown in figure 4.</p><p>　　When the MCU begin writing “1” cycle, must

47、pull I/O line to low level and then release, pull into a</p><p>　　high level in the 15s time. When the MCU begin writing “0” cycle, should also pull I/O line into low</p><p>　　level, and maintai

48、n 60s time.</p><p>　　Figure 4. read and write cycle waveform a) write cycle b) read cycle</p><p>　　5.2.Read timing</p><p>　　When the MCU pull I/O line from high level to low level,

49、the read cycle will begin, and I/O line remain</p><p>　　low level time for 1s at least. The DS1821 output data take effect within 15s after read timing falling</p><p>　　edge appear. During this

50、time, the MCU should release the I/O line, so that it is in input status to read data.</p><p>　　The read timing end after 15s, owe to the external pull-up resistors , the I/O line become high level again<

51、/p><p>　　Read a bit data need at least 60 s time, there is at leas 1s restore time between two bit dada.Reading</p><p>　　timing waveform is shown in figure 4b.</p><p>　　Use the tempera

52、ture control system to measure certain industrial field temperature, then transmit dada</p><p>　　to the computer by the network, eventually obtaining temperature curve is shown in figure 5.</p><p&

53、gt;　　Figure 5. temperature curve</p><p>　　Conclusion</p><p>　　Network measure and control technology play an important role in industrial system. Ethernet is a LAN</p><p>　　standard

54、 used widely, which is defined by IEEE802.3, can support 10Mbps, 100Mbps and 1000Mbps</p><p>　　bandwidth, often use twisted-pair cable or fiber as the transmission medium. Its characteristic is the low</p

55、><p>　　price, mature technology and flexible application.</p><p>　　Embedded microcontroller network measure and control system based on Ethernet has the</p><p>　　characteristic of adva

56、nced performance, flexible application and low cost etc, so that the system can be</p><p>　　generalize and apply.</p><p>　　嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計</p><p><b>　　沙占友</b></p>

57、<p>　　河北科技大學信息學院，河北石家莊 050054</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　介紹一種基于以太網(wǎng)的嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控系統(tǒng)，它采用具有8052內(nèi)核的高速單片機，通過對專用以太網(wǎng)芯片的控制，在以太網(wǎng)上實現(xiàn)了TCP/IP協(xié)議的功能，可作為以太網(wǎng)的一個獨立系統(tǒng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的任何一臺計算機都可通過標準的TCP/IP協(xié)議對其進

58、行控制，傳輸控制命令或數(shù)據(jù)。將該網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控系統(tǒng)配上數(shù)字溫度傳感器后實際測量工業(yè)現(xiàn)場溫度，然后通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸給計算機，可獲得溫度曲線，其測溫范圍與控溫范圍均為-10℃～+125℃，測溫精度為℃，分辨率達0.1℃。該系統(tǒng)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、通用性強、通過Internet進行通信、使用靈活、成本低等優(yōu)點，適配多種智能傳感器并具有較強的擴展能力，適用于遠程數(shù)據(jù)采集、遠程測控等領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控

59、系統(tǒng)；以太網(wǎng)；系統(tǒng)參數(shù)；設(shè)置；數(shù)字溫度傳感器</p><p><b>　　1 引言</b></p><p>　　測控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史大致經(jīng)歷了以下6個階段：①以單片機、PC機或工控機為核心而構(gòu)成傳統(tǒng)的測控系統(tǒng)；②由PC機總線構(gòu)成的測控系統(tǒng)③由多臺微處理機組成的集散控制系統(tǒng)(TDCS)④基于LAN的TDCS系統(tǒng)⑤由兩線制4mA-20mA標準信號發(fā)展起來的、用在智能化現(xiàn)場設(shè)

60、備與自運控制設(shè)備之間的現(xiàn)場總線—HART總線⑥20世紀90年代以來，隨著因特網(wǎng)的高速發(fā)展，使得更快捷、更方便、更經(jīng)濟地獲取并交流信息成為可能，測控系統(tǒng)也因此而變成這種全球化網(wǎng)絡(luò)的客戶端。目前，基于Internet的遠程測控系統(tǒng)正推動著測控技術(shù)的發(fā)展，并在核電站監(jiān)控、室友輸送管道的遠程監(jiān)測、并網(wǎng)運行監(jiān)控和機器人的遠程控制等領(lǐng)域得到了應(yīng)用?；贗nternet的遠程測控系統(tǒng)具有信息傳遞快捷、交互性強、經(jīng)濟方便等特點，能實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)共享。<

61、/p><p>　　現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控設(shè)備大多采用MODEM芯片，是通過電話網(wǎng)用的PPP協(xié)議撥號到Internet或?qū)Ｓ镁W(wǎng)絡(luò)的。這種方法雖然可以實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制與數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，但它依賴于電話網(wǎng)，使其使用成本也顯著提高。另外手電話網(wǎng)的限制，其傳輸速率最高只可能達到幾百Kbps(通常只有幾十kbps甚至更低)，難以滿足大量數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)男枰?。因此，基于以太網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控技術(shù)也為人們所重視。以太網(wǎng)是一種應(yīng)用廣泛的局域網(wǎng)標準，它由IEEE-80

62、2.3所定義，可支持10Mbps\100Mbps或1000Mbps帶寬，常以雙絞線或光纖作為傳輸介質(zhì)。其特點是價格經(jīng)濟，技術(shù)成熟，應(yīng)用靈活。</p><p>　　2 嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方案</p><p>　　一種基于以太網(wǎng)的嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控系統(tǒng)，采用具有8052內(nèi)核的高速單片機，通過對專用以太網(wǎng)芯片RTL8019AS的控制，在以太網(wǎng)上實現(xiàn)了TCP/IP中常用的ARP、IP、I

63、CMP、UDP等協(xié)議的部分功能。它完全可作為以太網(wǎng)的一個獨立系統(tǒng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的任何一臺計算機都可通過標準的TCP/IP協(xié)議對其進行控制，在它們直徑傳輸命令或數(shù)據(jù)。該系統(tǒng)在功能上有以下特定：①結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，使用靈活；②成本低，便于大規(guī)模及多通路應(yīng)用；③適配性強，可配合多種系統(tǒng)設(shè)備使用；Internet進行通信。該系統(tǒng)采用串口作為與數(shù)據(jù)采集部分的接口，適配多種智能傳感器并具有較強的擴張能力，可防范用于遠程數(shù)據(jù)采集、遠程測控等領(lǐng)域。</p>

64、;<p>　　嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的電路寬途和系統(tǒng)的程序流程圖分別如圖1、圖2所示。為了在單片機上實現(xiàn)標準的TCP/IP協(xié)議，在電路設(shè)計上采用了華邦公司生產(chǎn)的W78E58單片機作為主控芯片。W78E58單片機能滿足以下三個條件：第一，與MCS-51系列單片機兼容；第二，內(nèi)部有較大的程序存儲空間(32KB),免去了因程序過大而無法寫入的后顧之憂；第三，運行速度快(最高時鐘頻率可達40MHz)。以W78E58為核心，沿著數(shù)據(jù)傳

65、遞的方向向向兩側(cè)延伸，可以構(gòu)成兩個主要的功能模塊：一是從W78E58的P0和P2口，對以太網(wǎng)接口芯片卡及32KB的外部KAM(62256)。進行讀、寫操作或控制。這樣從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上發(fā)送來的傳感器(或控制器)的數(shù)據(jù)或控制型號首先被以太網(wǎng)芯片接受，再送至W78E58單片機進行處理，然后從串行口輸出到89C51單片機，89C51單片機將其打包成標準的TCP/IP數(shù)據(jù)包，再發(fā)送到遠程主機。為使網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)能與不同的傳感器及網(wǎng)上主機相匹配，還外接一片2Kb

66、it的閃速存儲器AT24C02，用來存放IP地址、端口、串行口設(shè)置等系統(tǒng)參數(shù)。</p><p>　　圖 １ 嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的電路框圖</p><p>　　在串口的兩條數(shù)據(jù)線上接上了兩只發(fā)光二級管，用來指示串口是否有數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p>　　圖 ２ 系統(tǒng)的程序流程圖</p><p>　　3 嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的電路設(shè)計</p&g

67、t;<p>　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳感器采用美國DALLAS公司最新推出的DS1821型單線可編程數(shù)字溫度傳感器。單片機選用單片機完全兼容，內(nèi)含4KBFlash程序存儲器，可方便地將程序?qū)懭胄酒?，不用外擴程序存儲器。為了能和嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)相配合，現(xiàn)通過串行口輸入控制命令、數(shù)據(jù)，輸出溫度及狀態(tài)值。串口電平轉(zhuǎn)換芯片選擇MAXIM公司的MAX232.</p><p>　　DS1821有兩種工作模式：單線模式和自

68、動控溫模式。選擇單線模式適合構(gòu)成數(shù)字溫度計或測溫系統(tǒng)；若選用自控模式，用戶就必須預先對芯片進行編程后才能構(gòu)成溫控系統(tǒng)。兩種工作模式可互相轉(zhuǎn)換。利用AT89C51單片機把串行口發(fā)來的控制命令、數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成DS1821可以識別的單線信號，再發(fā)送到DS1821，對其進行編程控制，將DS1821以單線訪問的第狀態(tài)值或溫度值進行識別轉(zhuǎn)換，最后從串行口發(fā)送出去。</p><p>　　W78E58單片機采用22.1184MHz的

69、石英晶體振蕩器，電路如圖3所示。上電復位電路由C1和R3組成。預置開關(guān)S1-1用于設(shè)定系統(tǒng)上電時進入設(shè)置狀態(tài)還是正常工作狀態(tài)。P1.5接網(wǎng)卡的復位引腳，用于對網(wǎng)卡進行復位。</p><p>　　圖 ３W78E58單片機的電路圖</p><p>　　RAM存儲器62256使用典型的接法與單片機相連,74HC373用于對地址的低8位進行鎖存。62256的地址為0x0000 ～0x7FFF。外部

70、存儲器AT24C02的SDA、SCL分別與單片機的P1.7、P1.6口線相連,通過軟件在P1.6、P1.7口線上模擬出Ⅰ2C總線的時序,對AT24C02進行讀、寫操作,寫保護端Wb固定接低電平,不對其進行寫保護。將A0、A1、A2端都接地時,讀、寫地址分別為:0xA1、0xA0。串行接口芯片MAX232的CPUTXD、CPURXD引腳, 分別接單片機的TXD、RXD引腳。</p><p>　　該系統(tǒng)可使用任何一種

71、與NE2000兼容的ISA接口網(wǎng)卡。新網(wǎng)卡可在計算機上用其自帶的設(shè)置程序進行基本設(shè)置,以滿足嵌入式網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的要求。具體操作步驟如下:</p><p>　?、龠M入MS—DOS操作系統(tǒng), 運行網(wǎng)卡設(shè)置程序。</p><p>　　②選擇“YES”退出網(wǎng)卡設(shè)置程序, 使所有設(shè)置生效。把該網(wǎng)卡從計算機上拔下, 插入系統(tǒng)板即可使用。按照表1對網(wǎng)卡進行設(shè)置。</p><p>　　

72、4 系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的自定義設(shè)置</p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)提供了初始化參數(shù)的自定義功能,用戶只需使用Windows操作系統(tǒng)自帶的“超級系統(tǒng)”工具, 即可靈活、方便地對系統(tǒng)的各項初始化參數(shù)進行合理設(shè)置。</p><p>　　首先,將系統(tǒng)的串行口連接到計算機的一個串行口,這里選擇COM2。從“開始”菜單起,依次選擇“程療”→“附件”→“通信”,啟動超級系統(tǒng),就會出現(xiàn)一個“連接說明”的對話框, 等待

73、輸入一個連接名, 這里輸入“setup”并點擊“確定”。</p><p>　　在隨后出現(xiàn)的“連接到”窗口的“連接時使用”欄目上,選擇系統(tǒng)與計算機相連的串口COM2并點擊“確定”。然后對COM2的通信參數(shù)進行設(shè)置,在“COM2屬性”設(shè)置窗口中進行設(shè)置。點擊“確定”后即可進入超級系統(tǒng)的主界面。</p><p>　　5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳感系統(tǒng)的程序設(shè)計要點及應(yīng)用</p><p>　

74、　單片機通過時序(亦稱“時間片”)來寫入或讀出DS1821中的數(shù)據(jù)。時序用于傳輸數(shù)據(jù)位和指定進行何種操作的命令字。</p><p><b>　　5.1 寫時序</b></p><p>　　單片機把I/O線(即單線總線：亦稱數(shù)據(jù)線) 從高電平拉成低電平時, 作為一個寫周期的開始。寫時序包括兩種類型:寫1時序,寫0時序。寫1或?qū)?時序時至少要保持60μs, 在兩個寫周期之

75、間至少要有1μs的恢復期。</p><p>　　圖 ４ 讀 ／寫時序波形圖 "寫時序#讀時序</p><p>　　DS1821在I/O線變?yōu)榈碗娖胶蟮?5μs～60μs的時間內(nèi)進行采樣。若I / O線為高電平,即認為寫入了一位1;若I/O線為低電平,即認為寫入了一位0。寫時序的波形如圖4a所示。單片機在開始寫1周期時,必須將I/O線拉成低電平,然后再釋放,15μs內(nèi)將I/O線拉成

76、高電平。單片機在開始寫0周期時,也應(yīng)將I/O線拉成低電平,并保持60μs的時間。</p><p><b>　　5.2 讀時序</b></p><p>　　當單片機將I / O線從高電平拉成低電平時, 就作為一個讀周期的開始, 并且I / O線保持低電平的時間至少為1μs。DS1821的輸出數(shù)據(jù)在讀時序下降沿過后的15μs內(nèi)有效。在此期間, 單片機應(yīng)釋放I /O線, 使

77、之處于輸入狀態(tài)以便讀取數(shù)據(jù)。經(jīng)過15μs后讀時序結(jié)束, I / O線經(jīng)外部上拉電阻又變成高電平。讀取一位數(shù)據(jù)至少需要60μs時間, 并且在兩位數(shù)據(jù)之間至少要有1μs的恢復期。讀時序的波形如圖4b所示。使用上述溫控系統(tǒng)測量某工業(yè)現(xiàn)場溫度, 然后通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸給計算機, 最終獲得的溫度曲線如圖5所示。該系統(tǒng)的測溫范圍與控溫范圍均為- 10～+125℃, 測溫誤差為±1℃, 分辨力為0.1℃。</p><p>

78、<b>　　圖5 溫度曲線圖</b></p><p><b>　　6 結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)測控技術(shù)也為人們所重視。以太網(wǎng)是一種應(yīng)用廣泛的局域網(wǎng)標準,它由IEEE—802.3所定義,可支持10Mbps、100Mbps或1000Mbps寬帶,常以雙或光纖作為傳輸介質(zhì)。其特點是價格經(jīng)濟、技術(shù)成熟,應(yīng)用靈活?；谝蕴W(wǎng)的嵌入式單片機網(wǎng)