中英文外文翻譯---變電站系統(tǒng)過(guò)電壓防護(hù)技術(shù)

1、<p><b>　　英文文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　Substation system over-voltage protection technology</p><p>　　Second substation equipment over-voltage protection on electronic information system for

2、 the protection of core equipment for the construction of a protected both pressure and other potential system, and through all levels of over-voltage surge protectors of the current step by step into the land of China,

3、Substation secondary safety equipment and reliable operation.</p><p>　　1 second over-voltage substation protection </p><p>　　In recent years, the substation communications, communications system

4、s, protection systems, background management module frequent over-voltage damage, the main reason for this is weak and its related systems products over-voltage protection level is weak, or no guard against over-voltage

5、Technical measures, the consequences for the safe operation of power grids bring about a greater negative impact. With integrated automation systems and automation systems such as communication systems in the su</p>

6、;<p>　　2 over-voltage protection design </p><p>　　IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) TC/81 mine technical committee will be divided into internal and external mine mine in two parts, the

7、external mine is lightning rod (or with lightning, lightning network), Yin Xiaxian and grounding system, Objects to be protected from direct lightning strikes, mine is to prevent internal lightning and other internal ove

8、r-voltage damage caused by invasive equipment. A comprehensive mine and over-voltage protection systems must be integrated use of </p><p>　　3 secondary system over-voltage substation protection </p>&

9、lt;p>　　3.1 points over-voltage electricity system protection </p><p>　　Substation installed in the communications dispatch automation systems are used AC power or a DC power supply equipment for the recti

10、fication of its links are generally larger capacity filter capacitance, the transient over-voltage shock absorption of a certain extent, the station Low-voltage transformer side go to feed between the screen using a shie

11、lded cable and equipment have a good grounding, the use of modern technology to analyze mine, we must increase the circuit's segregation measures, </p><p>　　Protective location: It is 1 EC1312 (LEMP prot

12、ection "in the region of lightning protection principles. Arrester installation should be in different locations at the junction of protected areas, this network, the first-class protection should be located in the

13、bus exchange. In Two on the bus with the installation of a B-class models of a three-phase power supply voltage surge protector. </p><p>　　Install Location: AC bus (cabinet). </p><p>　　3.1.2 sec

14、ond-class protection measures to deal with </p><p>　　For the more important feeder lines on the exchange of equipment, here for the DC charge screen, the installation of c-level three-phase power arrester. A

15、s DC charging screen is two-way exchange of electricity supply, so the screen in the DC charge with the installation of two models of c-level three-phase power supply over-voltage surge protector. Installation location s

16、hould choose the DC charge screen open exchange of air power </p><p>　　Commissioner Office. </p><p>　　3.2 integrated automation system over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Protective p

17、osition: Computer-based integrated automation system's ability to bear a very low voltage, several hundred volts of over-voltage is enough to damage the equipment, so must the high side arrester the residual pressure

18、 (thousands of volts) to further curb to meet equipment Insulation level of need, and because of the potential rise to power and the induction loop is also over-voltage line up on KV, to be used in the exchange of integr

19、ated automation system to the exchange on the c-leve</p><p>　　3.3 did not ask off power supplies (UPS) over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Protection here: because of the internal computer systems

20、, hubs, monitoring equipment, electric energy billing systems and so on through the UPS power supply protection, in order to protect the safety of these micro-electronics equipment, the UPS power supply device in front o

21、f the installation of a c-Surge Voltage protection. Optional models: The (UPS for single-phase power input) C-class single-phase power surge or over-voltage protection (UPS for the three-phase power input) of c-level thr

22、ee-</p><p>　　3.4 communication interface over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Communication Interface over-voltage protection compared with the grid supply system, this over-voltage circuit on the

23、degree of sensitivity is much higher, and these are over-voltage equipment in the circumstances it is very fragile. Equipment insulation tolerance level is very low. With the equipment connected to a signal line, data li

24、nes, measurement and control lines, and these are basically in line LPZOB region, but also through the LVZOA region, on the lines of sensors over-voltage relativ</p><p>　　3.4.1 remote computer interface devi

25、ces over-voltage protection </p><p>　　Protective position: As substation computer remote installations scattered distribution structure. From remote modules, intelligent telemetry module, intelligent remote

26、control module, intelligent remote-module. The modules are installed in different automated-ping, through the RS232 interface between the modules or field bus communication. These interfaces are in the indoor circuit, eq

27、uipment interface circuits shorter the distance, so there will be no more sensors to the over-voltage, but the </p><p>　　3.4.2 electric energy billing system signals over-voltage protection </p><p

28、>　　A protective position: a multi-functional electronic power substation table, energy acquisition, the electronic power meter to bear a very low voltage levels. As Meter and remote computer stations in the communicat

29、ions equipment used RS232 interfaces, the communication line is longer, and in LVZOB region, near the substation or by direct lightning strike at the substation, proximity to the high voltage sensors, In order to prevent

30、 damage to equipment. E-Meter in and around the RS232 port RS232 i</p><p>　　The location of protection: electronic power meter through the acquisition of information on the collector's MODEM (modem) from

31、 telephone lines to send data to a remote, since the introduction of telephone lines from the outside, the lines on the sensor to sensor lightning current relatively strong, easy to Modem interface equipment damage, it i

32、s necessary in the telephone line modem interface, the installation of an interface over-voltage surge protector. Location should choose to install telep</p><p>　　3.4.3 distance communication interface over-

33、voltage protection </p><p>　　Protective position: Since the basic use of unmanned substation. On the first circuit protection, measurement, control, regulation of signal through the optical and data communic

34、ations network or carrier to the distance (in tune, and stressed that the centralized control stations, etc.) to transmit data. If the carrier, the carrier and the computer automation of the signal devices connected rela

35、tively long lines, substations in the vicinity of a direct lightning strike or substations.Should be a</p><p>　　Secondary system over-voltage substation protection issues in recent years by a new task, the a

36、bove is only related to the scene of the unit into the actual situation on the Protection of the preliminary measures, it will be in continuing to draw on practical experience of running a summary analysis and continuous

37、 improvement, Hope that the new substation in the future or the old substation automation of integrated, strengthen the secondary over-voltage protection system of planning and design, </p><p>　　變電站系統(tǒng)過(guò)電壓防護(hù)技術(shù)

38、</p><p>　　變電站的過(guò)電壓保護(hù)是以電子信息系統(tǒng)為保護(hù)核心，為被保護(hù)設(shè)備構(gòu)建一個(gè)均壓等電位系統(tǒng)，并通過(guò)各級(jí)過(guò)電壓浪涌保護(hù)器逐級(jí)把電流泄放入大地，使變電站設(shè)備安全和可靠地運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　1 變電站過(guò)電壓防護(hù)</p><p>　　近年來(lái)，變電站的通信、通信系統(tǒng)、繼電保護(hù)系統(tǒng)、后臺(tái)管理模塊經(jīng)常發(fā)生過(guò)電壓損毀事件，究其原因主要是其相關(guān)系統(tǒng)和弱電產(chǎn)品過(guò)電壓

39、防護(hù)水平較弱，甚至根本沒(méi)有過(guò)電壓防范技術(shù)措施，其后果對(duì)電網(wǎng)的安全運(yùn)行帶來(lái)了較大負(fù)面影響。隨著綜合自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)和通信自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)等二次弱電系統(tǒng)在變電站的廣泛應(yīng)用，這類電子系統(tǒng)(設(shè)備)元器件的集成度愈來(lái)愈高，信息存儲(chǔ)量愈來(lái)愈大，速度和精度不斷提高，而工作電壓只有幾伏，信息電流僅為微安級(jí)，因而對(duì)外界干擾極其敏感，特別對(duì)雷電等電磁脈沖和過(guò)電壓的耐受能力很低。當(dāng)雷電等過(guò)電壓和伴隨的電磁場(chǎng)達(dá)到某一閥值時(shí)，輕則引起系統(tǒng)失靈，重則導(dǎo)致設(shè)備或其元器件永久性損

40、壞。盡管雷電直擊電子系統(tǒng)(設(shè)備)的可能性不大，但是雷擊附近大地、建筑物、交流供電線路和空中雷云放電時(shí)直接形成的，或者由于靜電感應(yīng)及電磁感應(yīng)形成的沖擊過(guò)電壓，都有可能通過(guò)與之相連的電力線路、信號(hào)線路或接地系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)各種接口，以傳導(dǎo)、耦合、輻射等形式，侵入電子系統(tǒng)(設(shè)備)并釀成嚴(yán)重的干擾或事故。因此，加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)電子系統(tǒng)(設(shè)備)的防護(hù)，盡量減小其遭受雷電等沖擊干擾損害造成的直接損失和間接損失，已成為當(dāng)今亟待解決的問(wèn)題。</p>

41、<p><b>　　2 過(guò)電壓保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>　　IEC(國(guó)際電工委員會(huì))TC／81技術(shù)委員會(huì)將防雷分為外部防雷和內(nèi)部防雷兩個(gè)部分，外部防雷是指避雷針(或避雷帶、避雷網(wǎng))、引下線和接地系統(tǒng)，是被保護(hù)物體免受直接雷擊；內(nèi)部防雷則是防止雷電和其他內(nèi)部過(guò)電壓侵入設(shè)備造成的毀壞。一個(gè)完善的防雷及過(guò)電壓保護(hù)系統(tǒng)必須綜合運(yùn)用泄流(分流)、均壓(等電位)、屏蔽(隔離)、接地、限

42、壓(箝位)保護(hù)等各項(xiàng)技術(shù)，按照外部防雷和內(nèi)部防雷的原則，根據(jù)防護(hù)對(duì)象的特點(diǎn)，靈活應(yīng)用，采取具體措施，構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的防護(hù)體系。變電站內(nèi)的過(guò)電壓形式主要有：雷電過(guò)電壓、工頻過(guò)電壓及諧振過(guò)電壓、操作過(guò)電壓等，這些過(guò)電壓以傳導(dǎo)或電磁感應(yīng)的方式在線路及設(shè)備上形成危險(xiǎn)的過(guò)電壓，特別是雷電過(guò)電壓，雷擊變電站時(shí)，會(huì)在低壓供電系統(tǒng)及弱電系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生很強(qiáng)的感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓，同時(shí)使變電站的地電位升高(例如：變電站的接地電阻為1 Q，雷電流為10 kA，則地電位為10

43、kV)，因地電位升高造成對(duì)線路及設(shè)備的反擊而損壞線路及設(shè)備的事件時(shí)有發(fā)生，因此，盡管變電站的外部防雷系統(tǒng)(避雷針．引下線及接地裝置)符合國(guó)家及部頒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求，且其綜合自動(dòng)化和通信自動(dòng)化等二次弱電系統(tǒng)也采取了諸如屏蔽、接地、隔離、濾波等措施，但卻</p><p>　　3 變電站系統(tǒng)過(guò)電壓防護(hù)</p><p>　　3．1 站用電系統(tǒng)過(guò)電壓防護(hù)</p><p>　　安裝在

44、變電站內(nèi)的通信調(diào)度自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)大多采用交流電源或直流電源為其設(shè)備供電，在其整流環(huán)節(jié)，一般有較大容量的濾波電容，對(duì)瞬態(tài)過(guò)電壓沖擊有一定的吸收作用，站用變壓器低壓側(cè)到站用饋電屏之間采用的是屏蔽電纜且設(shè)備都有良好的接地，運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代防雷技術(shù)來(lái)分析，必須增加回路的分流措施，因?yàn)槠涔ぷ鹘拥亍⒈Ｗo(hù)接地都與其它電氣設(shè)備采用同一接地裝置，而且設(shè)備都處于LPZOB區(qū)，電磁脈沖強(qiáng)度相對(duì)較強(qiáng)，在站用變低壓側(cè)雖然有防止線路侵人波的避雷器，但殘壓高，因此在變電站遭受雷

45、擊時(shí)，通過(guò)線路耦合和地電位升高而造成的反擊過(guò)電壓依然存在，而且高壓側(cè)的殘壓高達(dá)幾千伏，因此必須對(duì)這些調(diào)度自動(dòng)化設(shè)備的供電回路進(jìn)行過(guò)電壓保護(hù)。根據(jù)雷電防護(hù)區(qū)域的劃分原則，變電站內(nèi)二次設(shè)備供電系統(tǒng)感應(yīng)雷電過(guò)電壓的防護(hù)可以按兩級(jí)(B、C級(jí))來(lái)進(jìn)行分流保護(hù)。B級(jí)防雷一般采用具有較大通流容量的防雷裝置，可以將較大的雷電流泄散人地，從而達(dá)到限流的目的，同時(shí)將過(guò)電壓減小到一定的程度，c級(jí)防雷采用具有較低殘壓的防雷裝置，可以將回路中剩余的雷電流泄散人地

46、，達(dá)到限制過(guò)電壓的目的，使過(guò)電壓減小到設(shè)備能耐受的水平。電源系統(tǒng)的防護(hù)主要是抑制雷電及操作在電源回路上產(chǎn)生的浪涌和</p><p>　　3．1．1 第一級(jí)防護(hù)處理措施</p><p>　　防護(hù)位置：據(jù)1EC1312(雷電電磁脈沖的防護(hù)》中的雷電保護(hù)區(qū)域的劃分原則。避雷器的安裝位置應(yīng)在不同保護(hù)區(qū)的交界處，對(duì)于此網(wǎng)絡(luò)即第一級(jí)防護(hù)應(yīng)設(shè)在交流母線處。在兩根母線上各加裝一個(gè)同型號(hào)的B級(jí)三相電源浪涌過(guò)

47、電壓保護(hù)器。</p><p>　　安裝位置：交流母線(機(jī)柜內(nèi))。</p><p>　　3．1．2 第二級(jí)防護(hù)處理措施</p><p>　　對(duì)于較為重要的交流饋線上的設(shè)備，此處為直流充電屏，加裝c級(jí)三相電源避雷器。由于直流充電屏是兩路交流供電，所以在直流充電屏處加裝兩個(gè)同型號(hào)的c級(jí)三相電源浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)器。安裝位置宜選擇在直流充電屏交流電源空氣開(kāi)關(guān)處。</p&g

48、t;<p>　　3．2 綜合自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)過(guò)電壓防護(hù)</p><p>　　防護(hù)位置：微機(jī)型綜合自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)承受過(guò)電壓的能力極低，幾百伏的過(guò)電壓就足以將設(shè)備損壞，因此必須對(duì)高壓側(cè)避雷器的殘壓(幾千伏)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的抑制，以滿足設(shè)備絕緣水平的需要，同時(shí)由于地電位升高而感應(yīng)到電源回路零線的過(guò)電壓也高達(dá)上千伏，因此必須在采用交流綜合自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的交流回路上加裝c級(jí)單相浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)器。安裝位置宜選擇在綜合自動(dòng)化屏交流

49、電源空氣開(kāi)關(guān)處。</p><p>　　3．3 不間斷電源設(shè)備(UPS )過(guò)電壓防護(hù)</p><p>　　防護(hù)位置：由于內(nèi)部計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)、集線器、監(jiān)控設(shè)備、電能量計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng)等均經(jīng)由UPS 供電保護(hù)，為了保障以上微電子設(shè)備的安全，故在UPS 電源裝置前端加裝c級(jí)浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)器。選用型號(hào)：選用(UPS為單相電源輸入時(shí))C級(jí)單相電源浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)器或(UPS 為三相電源輸入時(shí))的c級(jí)三相電源浪涌過(guò)電

50、壓保護(hù)器。安裝位置宜選擇在UPS 電源進(jìn)線前端。</p><p>　　3．4 通信接口過(guò)電壓防護(hù)</p><p>　　通信接口過(guò)電壓防護(hù)同電網(wǎng)供電系統(tǒng)相比，此回路對(duì)過(guò)電壓的敏感程度要高得多，且這些設(shè)備在有過(guò)電壓的情況下顯得非常脆弱。設(shè)備的絕緣耐受水平也相當(dāng)?shù)?。與這些設(shè)備相連的有信號(hào)線、數(shù)據(jù)線、測(cè)量和控制線路，并且這些線路基本上是處于LPZOB區(qū)域，也有穿過(guò)LVZOA區(qū)域的，線路上的感應(yīng)過(guò)電

51、壓相對(duì)較強(qiáng)，根據(jù)IEC的測(cè)試，當(dāng)電磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度增大到0．07GS時(shí)，微型計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備將產(chǎn)生誤動(dòng)，丟失數(shù)據(jù)。而且這些回路運(yùn)行的安全與否直接關(guān)系到一次系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的安全，因此須對(duì)重要回路的接口進(jìn)行過(guò)電壓防護(hù)。</p><p>　　3．4．1 微機(jī)遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備接口過(guò)電壓防護(hù)</p><p>　　防護(hù)位置：由于變電站微機(jī)遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)裝置采用分布分散式結(jié)構(gòu)。由遙信模塊、智能遙測(cè)模塊、智能遙控模塊、智能遙調(diào)模塊組成。各單元

52、模塊都裝設(shè)在不同的自動(dòng)化屏內(nèi)，模塊之間通過(guò)RS232接口或現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線進(jìn)行通信。這些接口線路都處在室內(nèi)，設(shè)備接口線路的距離較短，因此不會(huì)感應(yīng)到較強(qiáng)的過(guò)電壓，但是各自動(dòng)化設(shè)備與其它二次設(shè)備(測(cè)量單元、計(jì)算機(jī)等)有電氣連接，當(dāng)其它二次設(shè)備感應(yīng)到很強(qiáng)的感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓時(shí)，將會(huì)反擊到這些自動(dòng)化設(shè)備的通信接口上，從而使設(shè)備接口電路損壞，因此有必要在這些設(shè)備的接口上加裝RS232的浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)器。安裝位置宜選擇在微機(jī)遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)裝置通信線路接口處。</p&g

53、t;<p>　　3．4．2 電能量計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng)信號(hào)過(guò)電壓保護(hù)</p><p>　　防護(hù)位置一：變電站采用多功能電子電能表進(jìn)行電能量采集，電子電能表承受過(guò)電壓的水平極低。由于電能表與站內(nèi)微機(jī)遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)設(shè)備的通信采用RS232的接口，其通信線路較長(zhǎng)，又處在LVZOB區(qū)域，在變電站附近或變電站遭受直接雷擊時(shí)，將感應(yīng)出較強(qiáng)的感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓，為了防止設(shè)備的損壞。在靠近電子電能表的RS232端口加裝RS232的浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)

54、器。安裝位置宜選擇在靠近電子電能表的RS232端口處。</p><p>　　防護(hù)位置二：電子電能表采集的信息通過(guò)集中采集器的MODEM(調(diào)制解調(diào)器)由電話線將數(shù)據(jù)傳送到遠(yuǎn)端，由于電話線路從室外引入，線路上感應(yīng)到的感應(yīng)雷電流相對(duì)較強(qiáng)，容易將調(diào)制解調(diào)器設(shè)備的接口損壞，因此必須在調(diào)制解調(diào)器的電話線路接口處加裝一個(gè)接口浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)器。安裝位置宜選擇在內(nèi)線電話出線端和外線電話的人線端。</p><p&

55、gt;　　3．4．3 遠(yuǎn)方通信接口過(guò)電壓保護(hù)</p><p>　　防護(hù)位置：由于變電站基本采用無(wú)人值守。對(duì)一次回路的各種保護(hù)、測(cè)量、控制、調(diào)節(jié)信號(hào)通過(guò)光纖、數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)或載波向遠(yuǎn)方(省調(diào)、地調(diào)、集控站等)傳送數(shù)據(jù)。如果采用載波，由于載波機(jī)與微機(jī)自動(dòng)化裝置的信號(hào)連接線路相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)，在變電站附近或變電站遭受直接雷擊時(shí)，處在LPZOB區(qū)的通信線路將感</p><p>　　應(yīng)出較強(qiáng)的感應(yīng)過(guò)電壓，因此

56、必須在靠近微機(jī)自動(dòng)化裝置的信號(hào)接I：I端加裝信號(hào)避雷器，同時(shí)處在LPZOB區(qū)并延伸到LPZOA區(qū)的通信線路(DDN、X．25)非常容易感應(yīng)上雷電過(guò)電壓，也必須加裝浪涌過(guò)電壓保護(hù)器。安裝位置宜選擇在遠(yuǎn)動(dòng)裝置通信線路接口處。</p><p>　　變電站系統(tǒng)過(guò)電壓防護(hù)問(wèn)題是近年來(lái)提出的一個(gè)新課題，以上僅是結(jié)合本單位相關(guān)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況對(duì)防護(hù)技術(shù)措施的初步探討，還需在不斷吸取實(shí)際運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)分析和不斷完善，希望在今后新建