雙塔俯仰式纜機英文文獻翻譯

1、<p><b>　　英文文獻翻譯</b></p><p>　　The Two LuCable Cranes</p><p>　　General Description</p><p>　　The 2 luffing cable cranes are destined for the construction of the Three

2、Gorges Dam in the valley of the Yangtze River.</p><p>　　The jobsite is situated near Sandouping, Yichang in the province Hubei in the People's Republic of China.</p><p>　　The cable cranes, r

3、epresenting the main transport facility of a dam construction jobsite, have been designed for the purpose of transporting concrete, formwork items, concrete pre-fabitems, reinforcing material, building machinery and mach

4、ine components such as penstocks, generators, lock gates,, etc. . The cable cranes that will be used on the jobsite are of the luffing type, i. e. it has been given that name because for moving the track rope, the towers

5、 or masts one have to luff to the upstrea</p><p>　　Both the slewing masts of each single crane between which the track ropes are installed, are situated -at an elevation of + 185 m on block 8 already concret

6、ed on the left bank and on the longitudinal coffer dam at the elevation of + 160 m.</p><p>　　Each mast has a height of 125 + 25 = 150m, and is firmly anchored by rear stay ropes in longitudinal direction. On

7、 their sides, the masts are held respectively moved by 6-strand luffing ropes actuated by winches.</p><p>　　The spans are:</p><p>　　Rear stay ropes on the left bank approx. 270m</p><p

8、>　　Rear stay ropes on the right bank approx. 604.5m.</p><p>　　Track ropes: approx. 1416m</p><p>　　The machine houses for the winches of the cranes are arranged on the foot of the masts.</p

9、><p>　　In the machine houses on the foot of the head towers are arranged the winches for hoisting crab traversing and mast luffing.</p><p>　　In the machine houses on the foot of the tail towers are

10、 only situated the winches for mast luffing . This machine houses are therefore called luffing winch house .</p><p>　　The control electronics are each located in separate rooms, for thus avoiding any problem

11、s as might occur by dust or also temperature variations.</p><p>　　There are three possibilities to control the winches.</p><p>　　Normally the crane is controlled by the driver's cabin that i

12、s movable between the machine side and the counter side on a long cable.</p><p>　　The second way is to control the cable crane by a -wireless portable control unit. For each crane there is one mobile unit.&l

13、t;/p><p>　　The third possibility to control the winches is the local control device nearby the machines for the hoist, crab traversing and luffing systems . The local control device is for purpose of easy adjus

14、tment and repairing.</p><p>　　Because of the local situation, there are certain areas of the working field with obstacles. These areas are locked by the programmable computer control system.</p><p

15、>　　For the control systems see also the Electrical documents of ABB Company.</p><p>　　The crab traversing winch is driven by a DC-motor that allows for an infinitely variable speed regulation. For physics

16、 reasons he acceleration shouldn't be much beyond 0. 75 m/s2 .</p><p>　　Thereof result acceleration and braking times of approx. 10 seconds (braking torque about 6000 Nm) ; respective path is approx. 37:

17、5m. With commissioning operations the mechanical</p><p>　　brake shall be set in a way that the loaded crab will come to be stopped after at the latest 12 seconds (braking torque approx. 6000 Nm). Because of

18、the varying loads will result otherwise with merely mechanical braking (emergency) shorter braking times. Normally the torque having been generated by the motor is transmitted over a 2-groove drive pulley to the crab tra

19、versing rope. Here one has to check periodically for ensuring-'an uniform running in the two grooves (see chapter "Maintenance"). B</p><p>　　For safety reasons have been installed, however, at

20、the first and at the last rope carrier additional limit switches for monitoring the crab speed. Since these limit switches cannot shift out of their set position, the signal is absolute. Finally the crab traversing is th

21、en stopped by a lever limit switch attached at each end of the track rope.</p><p>　　The tachometer for monitoring a possibly occurring over speed disconnects the crab traversing gear at 115% rated speed by &

22、quot;emergency off".</p><p>　　For providing the operation and maintenance team with information concerning the plant output, the crab traversing gear is equipped with an operation hour' s counter an

23、d a cycle counter. Here the operation hours counter is detecting the time in which the crab traversing motor is working, and the cycle counter the number of traversing runs. Therefore the cycle counter is set in a way th

24、at after each motor operation time of about 10 seconds in one direction another half cycle is counted up. In cas</p><p>　　The cycle counter shall be a help for the maintenance team to get a better idea about

25、 the working life of various wearing items such as trolley traversing rope, hoisting rope, rope carriers, drive pulley lining, etc. . It is necessary that with the exchange of these items are always read at the cycle cou

26、nter the resp. working cycles and that the results will be registered.</p><p>　　As an additional maintenance help a lubricants tank is mounted to the traversing winch for lubrication of the crab traversing r

27、ope (please refer also to chapter "General Maintenance Instructions" ) .</p><p>　　Traversing Limit Switches and Position Indicators</p><p>　　As mentioned in the previous chapter the po

28、sition indicator and the traversing limit switch (a screw-t)pe limit switch) are arranged on the shaft of the return pulley, from which they can both be separated by a magnetic tooth coupling. With erection the traversin

29、g limit switch is set in a way, that the crab stops travel 130m before reaching the machine side, or resp. 110m before the counter side. The position indicator should then show the corresponding value.</p><p&g

30、t;　　During operation the crab is automatically braked down electrically to v = 0 m/s, when one of the two end positions is reached. On the remaining track rope length travel is then only possible, when the by-pass button

31、 is depressed. By depressing the by-pass button the travel speed is also limited to v < 20% of v rated. Running in opposite direction within Ns nange, there is no speed limitation.</p><p>　　In order to en

32、sure principally a reduction of the crab speed, the plant has been equipped with two additional stationary monitoring limit switches. These are arranged on always the first and the last rope carrier. As these are in para

33、llel connection with the screw-type limit switch, they also cause a reduction of the crab traversing speed to v = 0 m/s by electrical breaking. To continue the travel to the end of the track rope is only possible by depr

34、essing the by-pass button.</p><p>　　The crab traversing is finally stopped electrically by each one limit switch at the end of the track rope.</p><p>　　For being capable on principle to take int

35、o consideration further obstacles in the travel area, the screw-type limit switch has been equipped with further contacts.</p><p>　　By the unavoidable slip between return pulley and crab traversing rope, and

36、 by the retensioning of the crab traversing rope, a correction of the screw-type limit switch and the position indicator will become necessary. This correction should be made at least once a day with start of the new shi

37、ft. For this purpose the crab must be run to a position that is known to the crane driver and from which is known the exact distance up to the respective end of the track rope (as reference position would </p><

38、;p>　　For this purpose the crab must be run into a position, where the position indicator is showing the set distance ( e. g. at the first rope carrier 50 m) . As soon as this figure is appearing on the display, crab t

39、raversing must be interrupted and the synchronous button will separate the return pulley from the screw-type limit switch and the position indicator and will limit the crab traversing speed to v < 20 % of v rated. The

40、 synchronous button must be depressed during the whole synchronization </p><p>　　Mainteoanoe</p><p>　　Beside the general maintenance and inspection work, and as is further described under the ch

41、apter "General Maintenance Instructions" and "Lubrication", the owner should take care for a uniform running of the ropes in the Becorit lining. As soon as irregularities will occur, these can be elim

42、inated by a correction of the alignment of the drive pulley and of the return pulley. For this purpose setting screws are fitted to the pillow blocks of the drive pulley and of the return pulley. By the clamp</p>

43、<p>　　The drive pulley of the crab-traversing winch is designed as 2-groove drive pulley lined with Becorit : Depending on the varying rope tension of the crab traversing rope in the two rope grooves and the differe

44、nt rope slip there from results a different wearing of Becorit lining in the two grooves. A different groove depth means also a different circumferential speed and this results forcibly in an increased rope slip and ther

45、efore in a heavier. wearing of the lining.</p><p>　　Therefore the drive pulley grooves must be checked frequently for their depth (by means of gauge). With a depth difference of 2 mm one groove is to be turn

46、ed until the two grooves have again the same depth. Turning speed for cutting 2 to 4 m/ sec.</p><p>　　The Becorit lining should be replaced as soon as the remaining thickness has come down to approx. 20 nun.

47、 This corresponds to a total groove depth of 40mm at a lining thickness of 60 mm. </p><p><b>　　雙塔俯仰式纜機</b></p><p><b>　　概述</b></p><p>　　雙塔俯仰式纜機是為長江三峽大壩建設設計的，&

48、lt;/p><p>　　工地位于中華人民共和國湖北省宜昌三斗坪附近。</p><p>　　雙塔俯仰式纜機作為大壩建設工地的主要運輸設備，設計的用途是運輸混凝土，模板，混凝土預制件，鋼筋，施工機械和機械部件，如壓力水管，發(fā)電機，閘門等。將要在工地使用的纜索起重機屬仰俯式，也就是說，它之所以被稱為仰俯式是因為移動跑索時，起重塔或起重桅桿必須向上游或下游仰俯。</p><p>

49、;　　纜機的兩個轉動起重塔桿，中間安裝跑索，布置在左岸已澆筑的標高為185m的8號壩塊上和標高為160m的縱向圍堰上。</p><p>　　各轉動起重塔桿高為150m,用后置固定鋼索縱向固定，在桿兩側分別由絞盤驅動的六股起落索固定和移動。</p><p><b>　　跨度：</b></p><p>　　左岸后置固定纜索約為270m.</p

50、><p>　　右岸后置固定纜索約為640.5m.</p><p>　　跑索約為1416m.</p><p>　　絞盤的機房設置在起重塔桿腳下。</p><p>　　首塔腳下的機房內裝有控制纜車橫向移動和起重塔桿仰俯用的絞盤。</p><p>　　尾塔腳下的機房內僅裝有控制起重塔桿仰俯用的絞盤。這些機房因此稱為仰俯絞盤機房。

51、</p><p>　　電子控制設備分別安裝在單獨的機房里，因為這樣能避免由于灰塵或溫度變化可能引起的問題。</p><p>　　有三種可能的方法來控制絞盤。</p><p>　　纜機通常由駕駛室控制，駕駛室可在一根長纜索上來回機側和計數(shù)器側之間。</p><p>　　第二種方法是用無線移動遙控機來控制纜機。每臺纜機都配有一部移動遙控機。<

52、;/p><p>　　第三種方法是在機構附近來控制起重，纜車橫移和仰俯，就是控制裝置便于調節(jié)和修理。</p><p>　　由于當?shù)氐那闆r，在施工現(xiàn)場的某些區(qū)域有障礙物。這些區(qū)域被可編程的計算機控制系統(tǒng)鎖定。</p><p>　　纜車橫移絞盤由直流馬達驅動，可無級調速。由于物理原因，加速不應大幅度超過0.75m/s.因此產生的加速度和制動時間約為l Os,各自的路徑約為37

53、.5m.試運行時對機械制動的設定應保證載重的吊車最遲在12s后停止，另外用機械制動時，由于制動負荷的不同還會導致更短的制動時間。通常，馬達的轉矩通過雙槽驅動滑輪傳遞給纜車橫移索，故必須定期檢查以確保兩槽內的鋼索同步運行。在兩槽之間，纜車橫移纜索被引導到返程滑輪上，在返程滑輪的軸上裝有螺桿型限位開關和位置指示器，另外還裝有測量速度和控制可能發(fā)生的超速用的轉速器。盡管螺桿型限位開關和位置指示器由從動返程滑輪帶動，但不可避免會在運行一段時間后

54、會出現(xiàn)指示誤差，因此必須進行校正</p><p>　　然而，為安全起見，在第一個和最后一個橫移纜索支架處還另外裝了監(jiān)控吊車速度的限位開關。由于這些開關不可能從設定的位置上移走，故信號是絕對的。最后，裝在跑索兩端的杠桿限位開關還可阻止吊車橫移。</p><p>　　監(jiān)控可能發(fā)生的超速用的轉速計可通過“事故停車”以115%的額定速度斷開纜車橫移機構。</p><p>　

55、　為了給運行和維護人員提供關于設備工作量的信息，纜車橫移齒輪配有運行小時計數(shù)器和工作循環(huán)計數(shù)器。運行小時計數(shù)器監(jiān)測纜車橫移馬達目前工作的時間，工作循環(huán)計數(shù)器監(jiān)測橫移運行的次數(shù)。因此，循環(huán)計數(shù)器設置位馬達在同一方向運行約l Os后為一次，并將余下的另一半程計算在內。如果發(fā)生橫移中斷，然后又繼續(xù)朝同一方向橫移情況時，仍僅計為一次。然而，如果橫移的方向相反時，則再過los后就計為新的一次。</p><p>　　工作循環(huán)

56、計數(shù)器是維護人員的好幫手，使得他們更好的了解橫移纜索，起重纜索，纜索托輪，驅動卷筒內套等各種磨損件的工作壽命。在更換這些部件時必須在循環(huán)計數(shù)器上讀取各自的工作循環(huán)數(shù)并記錄結果。</p><p>　　潤滑油箱是維護人員的另一個好幫手，安裝在橫移絞盤上，潤滑纜車，橫移纜索。</p><p>　　橫移限位開關和位置指示器</p><p>　　位置指示和橫移限位開關安裝在返

57、程滑輪的軸上，都能通過電磁牙嵌式離合器和滑輪分離。安裝好后,對限位開關進行設置，以保證纜車能在到達塔機前130m時停止或在到達計數(shù)器前110m時停止。位置指示器也應顯示出相應的值。在運行中，當纜車到達一個終端位置時，自動的通過電動的方式制動停車。此時只有按動旁路按鈕才可繼續(xù)行駛完在跑鎖上剩余的路程，同時也將行駛速度限制在v<20%的額定速度。在此范圍內朝相反的方向行駛時，沒有速度限制。</p><p>　　

58、為了從根本上確保纜車的減速，塔機配備了兩個額外的靜止監(jiān)測限位開關。這兩個限位開關安裝在第一和最后一個纜索托架上。由于它們是與螺桿型限位開關并聯(lián)的，所以可通過電動制動將纜車橫移的速度降到v=1 Om/s .只有通過按動旁路按鈕才可能繼續(xù)行進到拋索的終端。</p><p>　　跑索終端的各個限位開關通過電動方式最終停止纜車橫移。</p><p>　　從原則上說，因為考慮到行駛區(qū)域內可能會有更多

59、的障礙，故螺桿型限位開關配有更多的觸點。</p><p>　　由于返程滑輪和纜車橫移之間會出現(xiàn)不可避免的滑動原因，由于纜車橫移纜索要再三收緊的原因，對螺桿型限位開關和位置指示器進行校正時必要的。這種校正應該在交接班時進行，每天至少一次。為此目的，必須將纜車行進到纜機駕駛員數(shù)悉的位置，并且知道從這個位置到跑索兩端的準確的距離。如果發(fā)生纜車到了那個位置而顯示的纜車位置的值與實際距離不相符情況時，則必須對螺桿型限位開關

60、和位置指示器進行校正。</p><p>　　為此目的，必須將纜車運行到位，直至位置指示器顯示出設定的距離為止。一旦此數(shù)字出現(xiàn)在顯示器上時就必須中止纜車橫移，同步按鈕會將返程滑輪與螺桿型限位開關和位置指示器分離開，將吊車橫移的速度限制在v<20%的額定速度。在整個同步過程中必須按住按鈕不放。然后將纜車運行到顯示器已經設定的參照點為止。</p><p><b>　　維護<

61、/b></p><p>　　除一般維護和檢查之外，使用者應該注意，確保纜索在比克瑞特內套內一致的運行。一旦出現(xiàn)不一致，可校正驅動滑輪和返程滑輪。為此在驅動滑輪和返程滑輪的軸臺上安裝定位螺桿。通過裝在返程滑輪上的夾具，也可使返程滑輪軸向調整。</p><p>　　纜車橫移絞盤的驅動滑輪設計為雙槽驅動滑輪并采用比克瑞特內套。由于兩個纜索槽中纜車橫移纜索的張力不同和纜索滑動的不同，結果會導

62、致兩槽內的比克瑞特內套出現(xiàn)不同程度的磨損。不同的槽深也就意味著不同的圓周速度，這必定會導致更大的纜索滑動，因此對內套的磨損更大。</p><p>　　因此，必須經常檢查驅動滑輪槽的深度。當兩個槽的深度相差2mm時，則要車銷其中一個槽，直至兩個槽的深度相同。車削的速度是2-4m/sec.</p><p>　　當比克瑞特內套的磨損到只有約20mm厚時，應該馬上更換。之所以要更換，是因為槽的總深