外文翻譯---物流信息網絡系統(tǒng)

1、<p><b>　　附錄D 科技譯文</b></p><p>　　Logistics Information System （LIS）</p><p>　　Human-computer interaction system composed of personnel, computer hardware, software, network communi

2、cation equipment and other office equipment, its main function is to carry out logistics information collection, transmission, storage, processing, maintenance and output, logistics management and other group logistics i

3、nformation system management personnel to provide strategic, tactical and operational decision support, to achieve organizational strategic competitive advantages, improve the eff</p><p>　　Logistics system i

4、ncludes transportation system, storage system, loading and unloading, circulation processing system, the logistics information system, logistics information system, which is the high level of activity, is one of the most

5、 important aspects of the logistics system, relates to the operation of the system, standardization and automation, electronic and other issues. Due to the wide application of modern computer and the computer network, th

6、e development of logistics information sys</p><p>　　The development process of the logistics information system: system planning, system requirements, system software design, system implementation, system te

7、sting phase, system operation and maintenance phase.</p><p>　　Other definitions: logistics information system, is actually the product of logistics management software and information network, to a small con

8、crete logistics management software, the use of global coverage of the Internet will be all relevant partners, supply chain members connected to the system together provide logistics information service, called the logis

9、tics information system. As to an enterprise, is not independent of the existence of logistics information system, but also a part of e</p><p>　　With the continuous development of logistics and supply chain

10、management, complicated various logistics information, the enterprise needs the logistics information system, computer network technology and the prevalence of logistics information and provide technical support. Therefo

11、re, logistics information system in the enterprise of the root, and bring a higher efficiency for the enterprise. The enterprise is based on the following background to develop the logistics information system.</p>

12、<p>　　The pressure of competition: in today's world, basically is a buyer's market, by the consumer to choose to buy which products produced by enterprises, have complete freedom of decision-making they ba

13、sically. On the market and production of the same products enterprises innumerable, enterprises want to win in the competition, they must constantly bring forth the new through the old, to lower the cost of changing rapi

14、dly to meet consumer demand, which requires quick response logistics system. To q</p><p>　　Development: the competition among modern enterprises is the competition between the supply chain to a great extent,

15、 but in the whole supply chain, there are lots of links, information is relatively complex, it is much more difficult to communicate between enterprises. Links to free communication, to achieve information sharing, suppl

16、y chain logistics information system is imperative.</p><p>　　Technology trends: the rapid development of computer technology, a wide extension of the network, so that the whole society has entered the era of

17、 information.</p><p>　　In the age of the Internet, only in the information society, enterprise will have greater development. Moreover, the development of information technology has been developed for the in

18、formation system to lay a solid foundation. As a member of society, logistics as a social service industry, must establish the information system of logistics industry in their own.</p><p>　　Logistics inform

19、ation system is the nerve center of the logistics system, as the entire logistics system of command and control system, can be divided into a plurality of seed system or a variety of basic functions. Usually, its basic f

20、unctions can be summarized as the following aspects:</p><p>　　Data collection: logistics data collection is the first data through the collection subsystem from internal or external collection to the pretrea

21、tment system, and finishing as the format and the form of system requirements, and then through the input subsystem is input to the logistics information system. This process is the premise and foundation of the play rol

22、e of other functions, if one started to collect and input information is incomplete or incorrect, be in next in the process of the resu</p><p>　　Information storage: logistics data through the collection and

23、 input stage, before processing the, must be stored in the system down. Even after processing, if the information and use value, also want to save it for later use. Storage function of logistics information system is to

24、ensure that the logistics information has been lost, can not not aliasing, do not leak, sorting properly, readily available. No matter what kind of logistics information system, in relation to information storage probl&l

25、t;/p><p>　　Information transmission: logistics information in the logistics system, must be accurate, timely transmission to the various functions of the link, or information will lose its value in use. This re

26、quires the logistics information system has to overcome the barriers of space function. Logistics information system in the actual operation, must be fully considered to be the message type, quantity, frequency, reliabil

27、ity requirements and other factors. Only when these factors in line with the actu</p><p>　　Information processing: the most fundamental purpose of logistics information system is to process data into a logis

28、tics information logistics system requires the input of. Data and information are different, the data is the foundation to get information, but data often cannot be used directly, and the information is obtained from the

29、 data processing, it can directly use. Only the actual use value of logistics information, logistics information system's function is to play.</p><p>　　Information: information output is the final functi

30、on of the logistics information system, only in the realization of this function, the logistics information system task is finished. Information output must be used to facilitate understanding of the person or the comput

31、er form, in the output form to readable, visual.</p><p>　　The five function is the basic function of the logistics information system, are indispensable. Moreover, only the five processes are not wrong, logi

32、stics information and finally get it has practical use value, otherwise it will cause serious consequences.</p><p>　　Although the logistics system is a part of enterprise management system, logistics informa

33、tion system and other business management information system is not much difference in the fundamentals, such as the characteristics of integration and modularization, networked and intelligent, but the characteristics o

34、f the spatial and temporal logistics activity itself has the decision of the logistics information system has its own the unique feature of.</p><p>　　(a) cross coupling</p><p>　　In logistics act

35、ivities, due to the ordering party and accept the ordering party generally not in the same place, such as the processing of order information business department and take the goods to the warehouse in general are distrib

36、uted, the shipper and the consignee is not in the same area, information transfer between the phase separation in space on the enterprise or person need the help of data communication means to complete the. In the logist

37、ics system in the traditional holiday, infor</p><p>　　(two) is connected across the enterprise</p><p>　　Logistics information system not only relates to the enterprise internal production, sale,

38、 transportation, storage and other departments, and with suppliers, business entrusted with the close relationship between enterprises, the delivery object, sales, trading and business relationship in logistics activitie

39、s, warehousing enterprises, transport enterprises and freight forwarding enterprises independent enterprises, logistics information the system can be related to these enterprises and realize</p><p>　　(three)

40、 real-time transmission and processing of information</p><p>　　Logistics information system on the one hand, need to quickly bring lots of different forms to collect information query, classification, calcul

41、ation, storage, so orderly, systematic, standardized, become can reflect a characteristics of true, reliable, applicable and useful information; on the other hand, the logistics operation want to get information from the

42、 logistics information system, to guide the activities, that only the real-time transmission of information, and combine the information</p><p>　　The planning objectives in the construction of information sy

43、stem, due to the lack of scientific planning, effective system, many have been built or are building system still faces a series of problems, including: Construction and organization system development goal and strategy

44、does not match; system construction to management and no significant improvement; the system cannot meet the need of environmental change and reform organizations; personnel system quality is low; the system development&

45、lt;/p><p>　　In order to overcome the problem of logistics information system construction process, it is very important to establish the strategic planning of information systems management. Through the develop

46、ment of planning, reasonable allocation and utilization of information resources (information, information technology and information producers), save the investment of information system; find out the existing problems,

47、 the correct identification of the management information system must be completed</p><p>　　The planning system, one must first determine the goal of management information system, because the programming me

48、thod of system, is the management information system for the target. System planning is the goal of long-term development plan management information system, decide the direction, in the entire life cycle management info

49、rmation system development scale and the development process.</p><p><b>　　物流信息網絡系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　由人員、計算機硬件、軟件、網絡通信設備及其它辦公設備組成的人機交互系統(tǒng)，其主要功能是進行物流信息的收集、存儲、傳輸、加工整理、維護和輸出，為物流管理者及其它組物流信息系統(tǒng)織

50、管理人員提供戰(zhàn)略、戰(zhàn)術及運作決策的支持，以達到組織的戰(zhàn)略競優(yōu)，提高物流運作的效率與效益。</p><p>　　物流系統(tǒng)包括運輸系統(tǒng)、儲存保管系統(tǒng)、裝卸搬運、流通加工系統(tǒng)、物流信息系統(tǒng)等方面，其中物流信息系統(tǒng)是高層次的活動，是物流系統(tǒng)中最重要的方面之一，涉及到運作體制、標準化、電子化及自動化等方面的問題。由于現代計算機及計算機網絡的廣泛應用，物流信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展有了一個堅實的基礎，計算機技術、網絡技術及相關的關系型數

51、據庫、條碼技術、EDI等技術的應用使得物流活動中的人工、重復勞動及錯誤發(fā)生率減少，效率增加，信息流轉加速，使物流管理發(fā)生了巨大變化。</p><p>　　物流信息系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)過程：系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃階段、系統(tǒng)需求階段、系統(tǒng)軟件設計、系統(tǒng)實施階段、系統(tǒng)測試階段、系統(tǒng)運行和維護階段階段。</p><p>　　其他定義：所謂物流信息系統(tǒng)，實際上是物流管理軟件和信息網絡結合的產物，小到一個具體的物流管理軟件，

52、大到利用覆蓋全球的互聯(lián)網將所有相關的合作伙伴、供應鏈成員連接在一起提供物流信息服務的系統(tǒng)，都叫做物流信息系統(tǒng)。對一個企業(yè)而言，物流信息系統(tǒng)不是獨立存在的，而是企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)的一部分，或者說是其中的子系統(tǒng)，即使對一個專門從事物流服務的企業(yè)也是如此。例如，一個企業(yè)的ERP系統(tǒng)，物流管理信息系統(tǒng)就是其中一個子系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　隨著物流供應鏈管理的不斷發(fā)展，各種物流信息的復雜化，各企業(yè)迫切要求物流信息系統(tǒng)信息化，

53、而計算機網絡技術的盛行又給物流信息化提供了技術上的支持。因此，物流信息系統(tǒng)就在企業(yè)中扎下了根，并且為企業(yè)帶來了更高的效率。企業(yè)是基于以下背景才大力開發(fā)物流信息系統(tǒng)的。</p><p>　　競爭壓力：在當今世界中，基本上都是買方市場，由消費者來選擇購買哪個企業(yè)生產的產品，他們基本上有完全的決策自由。而市場上生產同一產品的企業(yè)多如牛毛，企業(yè)要想在競爭中勝出，就必須不斷地推陳出新，以較低的成本迅速滿足消費者時刻變化著的

54、消費需求，而這都需要快速反應的物流系統(tǒng)。要快速反應，信息反饋必須及時，這必然要求企業(yè)建立自己的物流信息系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　發(fā)展需要：現代企業(yè)間的競爭在很大程度上表現為供應鏈之間的競爭，而在整個供應鏈中，環(huán)節(jié)較多，信息相對來說就比較復雜，企業(yè)之間溝通起來就困難得多。各環(huán)節(jié)要想自由溝通，達到信息共享，建立供應鏈物流信息系統(tǒng)就勢在必行。</p><p>　　技術潮流：電子計算機技術的迅速

55、發(fā)展，網絡的廣泛延伸，使整個社會進入了信息時代。 </p><p>　　在這個網絡時代，只有融入信息社會，企業(yè)才可能有較大的發(fā)展。更何況，信息技術的發(fā)展已經為信息系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)打下了堅實的基礎。企業(yè)作為社會的一員，物流作為一種社會服務行業(yè)，必然要建立屬于物流業(yè)自己的信息系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　物流信息系統(tǒng)是物流系統(tǒng)的神經中樞，它作為整個物流系統(tǒng)的指揮和控制系統(tǒng)，可以分為多種子系統(tǒng)或者多種

56、基本功能。通常，可以將其基本功能歸納為以下幾個方面：</p><p>　　數據收集：物流數據的收集首先是將數據通過收集子系統(tǒng)從系統(tǒng)內部或者外部收集到預處理系統(tǒng)中，并整理成為系統(tǒng)要求的格式和形式，然后再通過輸入子系統(tǒng)輸入到物流信息系統(tǒng)中。這一過程是其他功能發(fā)揮作用的前提和基礎，如果一開始收集和輸入的信息不完全或不正確，在接下來的過程中得到的結果就可能是實際情況完全相左，這將會導致嚴重的后果。因此，在衡量一個信息系統(tǒng)

57、性能時，應注意它收集數據的完善性、準確性，以及校驗能力和預防和抵抗破壞能力等。</p><p>　　信息存儲：物流數據經過收集和輸入階段后，在其得到處理之前，必須在系統(tǒng)中存儲下來。即使在處理之后，若信息還有利用價值，也要將其保存下來，以供以后使用。物流信息系統(tǒng)的存儲功能就是要保證已得到的物流信息能夠不丟失、不走樣、不外泄、整理得當、隨時可用。無論哪一種物流信息系統(tǒng)，在涉及信息的存儲問題時，都要考慮到存儲量、信息格

58、式、存儲方式、使用方式、存儲時間、安全保密等問題。如果這些問題沒有得到妥善的解決，信息系統(tǒng)是不可能投入使用的。</p><p>　　信息傳輸：物流信息在物流系統(tǒng)中，一定要準確、及時地傳輸到各個職能環(huán)節(jié)，否則信息就會失去其使用價值了。這就需要物流信息系統(tǒng)具有克服空間障礙的功能。物流信息系統(tǒng)在實際運行前，必須要充分考慮所要傳遞的信息種類、數量、頻率、可靠性要求等因素。只有這些因素符合物流系統(tǒng)的實際需要時，物流信息系統(tǒng)

59、才是有實際使用價值的。</p><p>　　信息處理：物流信息系統(tǒng)的最根本目的就是要將輸入的數據加工處理成物流系統(tǒng)所需要的物流信息。數據和信息是有所不同的，數據是得到信息的基礎，但數據往往不能直接利用，而信息是從數據加工得到，它可以直接利用。只有得到了具有實際使用價值的物流信息，物流信息系統(tǒng)的功能才算發(fā)揮。</p><p>　　信息輸出：信息的輸出是物流信息系統(tǒng)的最后一項功能，也只有在實現

60、了這個功能后，物流信息系統(tǒng)的任務才算完成。信息的輸出必須采用便于人或計算機理解的形式，在輸出形式上力求易讀易懂，直觀醒目。</p><p>　　這五項功能是物流信息系統(tǒng)的基本功能，缺一不可。而且，只有五個過程都沒有出錯，最后得到的物流信息才具有實際使用價值，否則會造成嚴重的后果。</p><p>　　盡管物流系統(tǒng)是企業(yè)經營管理系統(tǒng)的一部分，物流信息系統(tǒng)與企業(yè)其他的管理信息系統(tǒng)在基本面上沒有

61、太大的區(qū)別，如集成化加模塊化、網絡化加智能化的特征，但物流活動本身具有的時空上的特點決定了物流信息系統(tǒng)具有自身獨特的特征。</p><p><b>　?。ㄒ唬┛绲赜蚵?lián)接</b></p><p>　　在物流活動中，由于訂貨方和接受訂貨方一般不再同一場所，如處理訂貨信息的營業(yè)部門和承擔貨物出庫的倉庫一般在地理上是分離的，發(fā)貨人和收貨人不在同一個區(qū)域等，這種在場所上相分離的

62、企業(yè)或人之間的信息傳送需要借助于數據通訊手段來完成。在假期傳統(tǒng)的物流系統(tǒng)中，信息需要使用信函、電話、傳真等傳統(tǒng)手段實現傳遞，隨著信息技術進步，利用現代電子數據交換技術可以實現異地間數據的實時、無縫的傳遞和處理。</p><p><b>　?。ǘ┛缙髽I(yè)聯(lián)接</b></p><p>　　物流信息系統(tǒng)不僅涉及企業(yè)內部的生產、銷售、運輸、倉儲等部門，而且與供應商、業(yè)務委托企

63、業(yè)、送貨對象、銷售客戶等交易對象以及在物流活動上發(fā)生業(yè)務關系的倉儲企業(yè)、運輸企業(yè)和貨代企業(yè)等眾多的獨立企業(yè)之間有著密切關系，物流信息系統(tǒng)可以將這些企業(yè)內外的相關信息實現資源共享。</p><p>　?。ㄈ┬畔⒌膶崟r傳送和處理</p><p>　　物流信息系統(tǒng)一方面需要快速地將搜集到的大量形式各異的信息進行查詢、分類、計算、儲存，使之有序化、系統(tǒng)化、規(guī)范化，成為能綜合反映某一特征的真實、可

64、靠、適用而有使用價值的信息；另一方面，物流現場作業(yè)需要從物流信息系統(tǒng)獲取信息，用以指導作業(yè)活動，即只有實時的信息傳遞，使信息系統(tǒng)和作業(yè)系統(tǒng)緊密結合，克服傳統(tǒng)借助打印的紙質載體信息作業(yè)的低效作業(yè)模式。</p><p>　　規(guī)劃目標在信息系統(tǒng)建設中，由于缺乏科學、有效地系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃，不少已經建成或正在建設的系統(tǒng)仍然面臨一系列問題，主要包括：系統(tǒng)建設與組織發(fā)展的目標和戰(zhàn)略不匹配；系統(tǒng)建設后對管理并無顯著改善；系統(tǒng)不能適應環(huán)

65、境變化和組織改革的需要；系統(tǒng)使用人員的素質較低；系統(tǒng)開發(fā)環(huán)境落后，技術方案不合理；系統(tǒng)開發(fā)以及運行維護的標準、規(guī)范混亂；系統(tǒng)開發(fā)資源短缺，投入少，面對系統(tǒng)的期望過高等。</p><p>　　為了克服物流信息系統(tǒng)建設過程中出現上述問題，制定管理信息系統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃就顯得十分重要。通過制定規(guī)劃，可合理分配和利用信息資源（信息、信息技術和信息生產者），節(jié)省信息系統(tǒng)的投資；找出存在的問題，正確地識別出管理信息系統(tǒng)為實現企業(yè)目