外文翻譯---現(xiàn)代機(jī)房管理系統(tǒng)發(fā)展分析

1、<p>　　The modern computer room management system development analysis </p><p>　　現(xiàn)代機(jī)房管理系統(tǒng)發(fā)展分析</p><p>　　教 學(xué) 部 經(jīng) 管 部 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 信息管理與信息系統(tǒng) </p>&

2、lt;p>　　班 級 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號 </p><p>　　姓 名 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師 </p><p>　　沈陽航空航天大學(xué)北方科技學(xué)院</p>

3、<p><b>　　2011年6月</b></p><p>　　The Modern Computer Room Management System Development Analysis</p><p>　　Along with the national education system reform, college enrollment expa

4、nsion and computer technology, computer is widely used students more than doubled, public computer room size is more and more big. In order to adapt to the needs of students on mode diversification, computer room allocat

5、ion and management system in the stable operation, efficient, reliable, safe, can be expanded and at the same time with the development of computer technology constantly updated. At present, appear all sorts </p>

6、<p>　?。?）Students, such as computer mode diversification schedule to attend class, internship, computer, computer skills practice, at one's own expenses at DuoZhong surfing the Internet, and grade examination, t

7、raining, etc. </p><p>　?。?）A computer room dozens of computer already can't satisfy the need of the actual situation, arise hundreds of Taiwan, hundreds of computer room, computer room of the new trend l

8、arge scale. </p><p>　?。?） Service targets are junior college students, the undergraduate and graduate student, continue to education and various types such as training, service object diversification. </p

9、><p>　?。?） Computer room function increase form a network experiment room, multimedia computer room, etc, can use D0S, Windows 9 x, WindowsNT o2000oXP, Linux and Unix operating system software and hardware, suc

10、h as room of the configuration of diversification.</p><p>　　According to the actual situation of domestic, the design applies to domestic colleges and universities computer room management system is necessar

11、y. A forget computer room management status, Foreign computer room management way and the domestic many differences. In abroad, especially in developed countries, because the computer technology application popularity is

12、 higher, common computer room management system and didn't get a wide range of applications, computer resources is quite abundant, co</p><p>　?。?）Network infrastructure improvement, the cost of Internet

13、service, common computer room can only be cheaper to assist in the role. </p><p>　　（2）Room open degree high, basically all provide free by machine, 24 hours free and open computer class, students does not re

14、quire the attendance, so the entrance guard system, educational administration management (curriculum arrangement, attendance, etc) system, the financial system are not integrated into the system. </p><p>　　

15、（3） The general scale is not large, equipped with computer room the diversity of all kinds of equipment, not only have the PC, and the apple Macintosh), various (workstation, printers, scanners, experimental conditions d

16、iversification. </p><p>　?。?） Equipment renewal cycle 1.5 ~ 3 years, update quickly and caused many kinds of safety management system is difficult. </p><p>　?。?） Does not exist a rapid expansion

17、 in the number of students, computer room size, there was little change management personnel, so in computer room management enough in the reform of domestic so urgent, no development is relatively stable. </p>&l

18、t;p>　　（6）Computer generally high quality personnel, computer room make strict experimental regulation, rely mainly on everyone's consciously abide by. </p><p>　　Second, the domestic computer room mana

19、gement situation </p><p>　　Higher education in China because of the rapid development of the computer room doesn't satisfy the scale of development of the students' growth, most college computer room

20、 facing lack of qualified teachers, management personnel serious shortcomings, and in the recruitment of students scale growing circumstances, it is to meet student learning and the rapidly growing demand, and to ensure

21、the computer teaching work smoothly. So, each university in computer room management reform and innovation. </p><p>　　（1）Artificial management .In some small, computer equipment, older computer task little r

22、oom, investment and technology to achieve a computer room, often safety management system is not worth the candle. So still USES the traditional artificial management means, also have some room the size </p><p

23、>　　Small, but limited to conditions, and also still stay in insufficient artificial management mode. </p><p>　?。?）Computer aided artificial management reform of some room just starting out, or lack of fun

24、ds and technology, still can't suddenly realize standardized management of computer room, part of the use of computer aided management. If a student in and out of the room when take student or card to the officer on

25、duty place brush card, use billing system for timing, and for students of each computer order, on content </p><p>　　And so on all or rely on artificial management. </p><p>　?。?）Computer room ful

26、l automation management use computer room management system and standardized management of computer room, the student except </p><p>　　The computer as planned, other time outside the open round-the-clock, an

27、d students can independent computer experiment, with machine, computer room much freedom realized in the unattended, safe and convenient, improve application up the quality of management. At present domestic has been som

28、e schools the computer automation management, there are more schools still stay in artificial management mode, part of the school computer room has in some </p><p>　　The degree of the computer aided artifici

29、al management mode. Management means and methods is uneven, in order to more effectively, the standard, highly effective implementation of the management, it is necessary to improve the management mode and management met

30、hods are discussed. </p><p>　　Three, computer room management system design through the system analysis, the general structure of the system is divided into the server (database service Device and control se

31、rver), the client of financial management and machine. The database server for all users of person information, accounting information, computer record and prepaid phone CARDS and other information. Control the server an

32、d the client through information interaction room management function to realize, financial management </p><p>　?。?）The customer terminal system: operation in every client to verify user identity, and their

33、own balance inquires deposits, and realize the switch machine, the client and the server communication. It than the amount of code the server are much smaller, but it many need to function of the realization of the it is

34、 any senior language does not have, like a lock keyboard, traverse process, system shutdown and so on. In order to realize the function of the call to the client API, these API system to</p><p>　?。?）Control

35、server running on control subsystem: the server, and achieve all the </p><p>　　Monitoring and management functions, divided into DuoGe function module, the data stored in the database services </p>&l

36、t;p>　　Implement. The server is according to the manager and the client all kinds of requests from to complete .The database, and various operations to administrator provide a human, beautiful, easy Use interface. Due

37、to the introduction of the ADO, the server database of all aikido Make all is to use the SQL language to finish, plus all the client database request </p><p>　　Also is the server to a proxy to complete, the

38、server is driven by ADO unified in the background .Scheduling these database request, make the whole system can be efficient operation. </p><p>　?。?）Financial management subsystem: run in separate computer,

39、realize the user filling .</p><p>　　Value and financial surveillance management function, divided into DuoGe function module. In fact the computer maintenance and occurrence breakdown problem is far more tha

40、n these, formed the good habit and master a set of maintenance computer fault method, out for personal and business unit has a very important significance. </p><p>　　現(xiàn)代機(jī)房管理系統(tǒng)發(fā)展分析</p><p>　　隨著國家教育

41、體制改革的不斷深入, 高校招生規(guī)模的急劇擴(kuò)大和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用, 學(xué)生上機(jī)量成倍增長, 公用計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房規(guī)模越來越大。為適應(yīng)學(xué)生上機(jī)方式多樣化的需求, 計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房配置和管理系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、高效、可靠、安全、可擴(kuò)展的同時隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展不斷更新。目前, 出現(xiàn)各種類型公用計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房, 如各種網(wǎng)吧、圖書館電子閱覽室、單位電子閱覽室、各種各樣的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)、大中專院校機(jī)房等。在公用機(jī)房中, 以大中專院校機(jī)房的管理最具有代表性和通用性。學(xué)校公用

42、計(jì)算機(jī)開放實(shí)驗(yàn)室有以下的特點(diǎn)。</p><p>　?。?）學(xué)生上機(jī)方式多樣化, 如課表上課、上機(jī)實(shí)習(xí)、自費(fèi)上機(jī)技能練習(xí)、自費(fèi)上網(wǎng)以及多種的等級考試、培訓(xùn)等。</p><p>　?。?）一個機(jī)房幾十臺計(jì)算機(jī)已經(jīng)滿足不了實(shí)際情況的需要,相繼出現(xiàn)上百臺、數(shù)百臺計(jì)算機(jī)的新型機(jī)房, 機(jī)房規(guī)模趨向大型化。</p><p>　　（3）服務(wù)對象有?？粕⒈究粕?、研究生、繼續(xù)教育及各

43、類型培訓(xùn)班等, 服務(wù)對象多樣化。</p><p>　?。?） 機(jī)房功能增加形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)房、多媒體機(jī)房等, 可使用D0S,Windows 9x、WindowsNT ö2000öXP ,Linux 及Unix 等操作系統(tǒng), 機(jī)房軟硬件配置多樣化。</p><p>　　根據(jù)國內(nèi)的實(shí)際情況, 研究設(shè)計(jì)適用于國內(nèi)大中專院校計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房管理系統(tǒng)是必要的。</p>&l

44、t;p>　　一、國外計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房管理現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　國外計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房管理方式與國內(nèi)有很多不同之處。在國外特別是發(fā)達(dá)國家, 由于計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用普及程度較高, 公用機(jī)房管理系統(tǒng)并沒有得到廣泛的應(yīng)用, 計(jì)算機(jī)資源較為充裕, 所以機(jī)房規(guī)模不大, 發(fā)展較為穩(wěn)定。</p><p>　　（1）網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施完善, 上網(wǎng)費(fèi)用便宜, 公用機(jī)房只能夠以輔助的角色出現(xiàn)。</p><

45、p>　?。?）機(jī)房開放程度高, 基本上都提供免費(fèi)用機(jī),24 小時免費(fèi)開放的, 學(xué)生上機(jī)課不要求考勤, 因此門禁系統(tǒng)、教務(wù)管理(排課、考勤等) 系統(tǒng)、財(cái)務(wù)系統(tǒng)等都沒有整合到系統(tǒng)中。</p><p>　?。?）機(jī)房一般規(guī)模不大, 配備多樣化的各種設(shè)備, 不僅有PC機(jī), 還有蘋果機(jī)(Macintosh )、各種工作站、打印機(jī)、掃描儀等, 實(shí)驗(yàn)條件多樣化。</p><p>　?。?）設(shè)備更新

46、周期1.5～ 3 年, 更新速度快而且種類多造成系統(tǒng)安全管理難度大。</p><p>　?。?）不存在學(xué)生人數(shù)急劇擴(kuò)大的情況, 機(jī)房規(guī)模變化不大, 管理人員充足, 因此在機(jī)房管理的改革方面沒有國內(nèi)那么迫切, 發(fā)展相對穩(wěn)定。</p><p>　?。?）上機(jī)人員素質(zhì)普遍較高, 機(jī)房制定了嚴(yán)格的實(shí)驗(yàn)規(guī)范, 主要依靠每個人的自覺遵守。</p><p>　　二、國內(nèi)計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房

47、管理現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　在國內(nèi)由于高等教育的迅猛發(fā)展, 計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房的發(fā)展規(guī)模滿足不了學(xué)生的增長, 大多數(shù)高校計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房面臨著師資缺乏、管理人員嚴(yán)重不足, 并且在招生規(guī)模不斷增長的情況下, 既要滿足學(xué)生急劇增長的學(xué)習(xí)和上機(jī)需求, 又要保證教學(xué)工作的順利進(jìn)行。于是, 各高校對計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房進(jìn)行了管理方式的改革和創(chuàng)新。目前國內(nèi)高校計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房管理大致可分為人工管理、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助人工管理、全自動化管理三種模式。</p

48、><p><b>　?。?）人工管理</b></p><p>　　在一些規(guī)模不大、計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備較陳舊、上機(jī)任務(wù)不多的機(jī)房, 投入資金和技術(shù)去實(shí)現(xiàn)一套機(jī)房安全管理系統(tǒng), 往往得不償失。因此仍然采用傳統(tǒng)的人工管理手段, 也有一些機(jī)房規(guī)模不小, 但是限于條件不足, 也還是停留在人工管理模式。</p><p>　?。?）計(jì)算機(jī)輔助人工管理有些機(jī)房的改革剛起步

49、, 或是資金和技術(shù)不足, 還不能一下子實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房規(guī)范化管理, 部分的使用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助管理。如學(xué)生出入機(jī)房的時候要拿學(xué)生證或借書證到值班人員處刷卡,使用計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行計(jì)時計(jì)費(fèi), 而對于學(xué)生的上機(jī)秩序、上機(jī)內(nèi)容等都還是依靠人工管理。</p><p>　　（3） 計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房的全自動化管理使用計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房管理系統(tǒng)對機(jī)房施行規(guī)范化管理, 學(xué)生除按計(jì)劃上機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)外, 其它時間全天候開放, 學(xué)生可自主上機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn), 用機(jī)自由度大, 機(jī)

50、房內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了無人值守, 應(yīng)用起來安全方便、提高了管理質(zhì)量。目前國內(nèi)已有部分學(xué)校實(shí)施了計(jì)算機(jī)的自動化管理, 還有相當(dāng)多學(xué)校還停留在人工管理模式, 部分學(xué)校機(jī)房已經(jīng)在某種</p><p>　　程度采用了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助人工管理模式。管理手段和方法參差不齊, 為了更有效、規(guī)范、高效實(shí)施管理, 有必要對管理模式和管理方法作一些探討。</p><p>　　三、計(jì)算機(jī)機(jī)房管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)通過系統(tǒng)分析, 系統(tǒng)的總體

51、結(jié)構(gòu)分為服務(wù)器端(數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器和控制服務(wù)器)、客戶端和財(cái)務(wù)管理機(jī)。數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器存放所有用戶的個人信息、帳務(wù)信息、上機(jī)記錄以及充值卡等信息?？刂品?wù)器和客戶端通過信息交互實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)房管理功能, 財(cái)務(wù)管理機(jī)通過生成充值卡完成用戶充值、充值統(tǒng)計(jì)等功能。每個子系統(tǒng)包含不同功能的模塊完成系統(tǒng)功能。</p><p>　　客戶端子系統(tǒng): 運(yùn)行于各個客戶機(jī)驗(yàn)證用戶身份、余額查詢、自行充值、開關(guān)機(jī)等, 實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶機(jī)與服務(wù)器的通信。它的代

52、碼量比服務(wù)器端要小得多, 但它許多需要實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能確是任何高級語言所不具備的, 像是鎖定鍵盤、遍歷進(jìn)程、系統(tǒng)關(guān)機(jī)等等。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這些功能客戶端大量的調(diào)用了系統(tǒng)API , 這些API 幫助我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了對Windows 內(nèi)核函數(shù)的調(diào)用, 從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了所要完成的功能。作為用戶上機(jī)的直接監(jiān)控者, 客戶端程序進(jìn)程應(yīng)該是不易被中止和不易被繞過的, 完全做到不能被中止和繞過是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。我們在客戶端主程序之外, 增加了兩個監(jiān)測小程序, 隨時監(jiān)測客戶端主程序的運(yùn)

53、行, 一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)問題立即關(guān)機(jī), 同時在服務(wù)器端加以相應(yīng)的跟蹤監(jiān)控機(jī)制。</p><p>　　(2) 控制服務(wù)器子系統(tǒng): 運(yùn)行于控制服務(wù)器上, 實(shí)現(xiàn)所有的監(jiān)控和管理功能, 分為多個功能模塊, 數(shù)據(jù)存儲于數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器。服務(wù)器端則是根據(jù)管理員和客戶端發(fā)來的各種請求來完成對數(shù)據(jù)庫的各種操作, 并給管理員提供一個人性化、美觀、易于使用的操作界面。由于ADO 的引入, 服務(wù)器端所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫操作都是使用SQL 語言來完成的, 加

54、上客戶端的所有數(shù)據(jù)庫請求也都是交由服務(wù)器端來代理完成, 服務(wù)器端由ADO 在后臺統(tǒng)一調(diào)度這些數(shù)據(jù)庫請求, 使得整個系統(tǒng)可以高效率的運(yùn)作。</p><p>　　(3) 財(cái)務(wù)管理子系統(tǒng): 運(yùn)行于單獨(dú)的計(jì)算機(jī)上, 實(shí)現(xiàn)用戶充值和財(cái)務(wù)監(jiān)視管理功能, 分為多個功能模塊。</p><p>　　其實(shí)計(jì)算機(jī)的維護(hù)和出現(xiàn)的故障問題遠(yuǎn)不止這些,養(yǎng)成良好的維護(hù)習(xí)慣和掌握一套排除計(jì)算機(jī)故障的方法, 對于個人和企事