外文翻譯---plc安裝須知

1、<p>　　The PLC gearing beard knows</p><p>　　One preface</p><p>　　The programmable controller(PLC) is a kind of new in general use automation control to equip, it traditional of melt after th

2、e electric appliances control technique,the calculator technique and the communication technique</p><p>　　Have the control function for the integral whole strong, can*sex is high, using vivid convenience, be

3、ing easy to expand etc. advantage but apply more and more extensively.But while use because the industry livingProduce the work environment of the spot bad, the interference source is numerous, using an electricity an e

4、quipments to start or stopping the motion of cause the charged barbed wire net electric voltage formation low frequency interference such as the big power, electric welding</p><p>　　The machine,the electrici

5、ty spark processes the electricity of the tool machine,electrical engineering brush etc. passes the electromagnetism  match the output work interference etc., would influence a PLC normal work.</p><p>　

6、　Though the PLC is the control that uses exclusively and on the spot to equip, having already adopted much measure while design manufacturing, making it compare an orientation to the industrial environment, but for the s

7、ake of indeed</p><p>　　Protect the whole system stability can*, still should make the PLC have a good work environment condition as far as possible, and adopt the anti- interference measure of the necessity.

8、</p><p>　　2 PLC while installing with the maintenance should notice of problem</p><p>　　2.1 PLC gearing</p><p>　　The PLC is applicable to mostly industrial spot, but it still has a

9、certain request to the usage situation,the environment temperature...etc..Control a PLC work environment, can raise availablyIts work efficiency and the life span.Avert from while install PLC following place:</p>

10、<p>　　The environment temperature more than 0~50 scope of the ℃s;</p><p>　　Relative humidity more than 85% exists dew to coagulate perhaps;(from what the temperature mutation or other factors cause)<

11、;/p><p>　　The sun light projects light upon directly;</p><p>　　Decay and combustible air, for example hydrogen chloride,hydrogen sulfide...etc.;</p><p>　　Conjectured the iron scraps an

12、d dust;</p><p>　　Multifarious or continuous vibration, the vibration frequency is a 10~55 Hzs,range is a 0.5 mms();</p><p>　　Over the impact with 10 gs(the gravity acceleration).</p><

13、p>　　All have already installed bore on 4 Capes of the small scaled and programmable controller outer shell.There are two kinds of gearing methods, one is fix with the bolt, the different unit has a different gearing C

14、hinese foot Inch;Another a kind of is the DIN(German republican standard) orbit to fix.The gearing clipboard of the DIN orbit kit usage, or so one rightness for each.On the orbit pack first very or so Clipboard, pack up

15、the PLC, then  tight bolt.For the sake of making the control system</p><p>　　The electricity interference of the other peripherals in order not to, the programmable controller should keep off the high v

16、oltage line and the high pressure equipments, programmable controller and the high pressure equipmentses possibly with Of the power cable distance that should stay at least a 200 mms.When the programmable controller perp

17、endicularity install, take strict precautions against to lead line head,the iron scraps...etc. to drop to go into programmable controller inner part from t</p><p>　　2.2 The power supply connects line </p&

18、gt;<p>　　The PLC power supply power supply is a 50 Hzs,the 220 V ± is 10% alternate currents.</p><p>　　The FX series the programmable controller have the direct current 24 V exportation to connec

19、t line to carry.Should connect line to carry can spread feeling(if the light electricity switch or near to a switch) to provide the direct current 24 V power supply for the importation.</p><p>　　If the power

20、 supply occurrence break down, break off time little in 10 mses, PLC work uninfluenced.If the power supply break off to descend to exceed to allow a value over the 10 mses or the power supply, the PLC then stops Work, al

21、l exportations order all to break to open in the meantime.When the power supply recover, if the RUN importation connect, then operating an au to carry on.</p><p>　　Interference come to the power cable, the P

22、LC has to boycott an ability enough.If the power supply interference is specially serious, can install 1 change to compare to 1:1 of the insulation change to press Machine with reduce the interference of of the equipment

23、s and ground.2.3 Connect ground Connecting ground goodly is to promise PLC can*the important condition of the work, can avoid the electric voltage of the accidental occurrence pounding at bane.Connect a ground of line a

24、nd machine connec</p><p>　　2.4 The direct current 24 Vs connects line to carry</p><p>　　When usage had no importation spare part that the source touches to order, the PLC internal 24 V power sup

25、ply passes the electric current that the importation spare part carries to provide to order a 7 mAs each time toward the importation.</p><p>　　The PLC 24 Vs connects line to carry son, can also outwardly the

26、 department spread the feeling machine(if near to the switch or the light electricity switch) to provide electric current.When 24 Vs carried son to make to spread the feeling machine power supply, the COM carry Son is th

27、e direct current 24 V ground carry.If the adoption expands seaman, then should basic unit with expand the 24 Vs of the unit to carry to link.Moreover, any exterior power supply can't connect Arrive this carries son.&

28、lt;/p><p>　　If took place to carry phenomenon, the electric voltage will drop into automatically, that importation has no effect to the programmable controller.</p><p>　　Each the importation amount

29、 of point of PLC of model number is to have provision of.Order to each importation that haven't yet use, it doesn't consume an electricity, so in this kind of case, the 24 V power supply carry </p><p&

30、gt;　　Son outwardly the power supply flow of the ability can increase.The empty of the FX series PLC carries son, can't use under all circumstances.</p><p>　　2.5 The importation connects line</p>

31、<p>　　The PLC accepts a route of travel switch generally,the limit switch etc. the switch of the importation quantity signal.Importation's connecting line to carry son is the port that the PLC and exterior sprea

32、d the feeling machine load conversion signal.Lose Go in to connect line, general the exterior spread the feeling machine and input a port to connect line.</p><p>　　Input the spare part can be any NPN tube th

33、at have no source to touch to order or gather electrode to open a new road.Input When the spare part connect, input to carry to connect, input circuit to shut to match, input in the meantime</p><p>　　The giv

34、e out light of designation diode is bright.</p><p>　　An electric circuit that the importation carry with of two electric circuits, the adoption light electricity  matches insulation.Two electric circuit

35、s take the RC filter, in order to prevent touch to order to tremble to move because of the importation or from the importationThe circuit string the electricity  voice for go into cause PLC mistake action.</p>

36、;<p>　　If Be inputting to touch some electric circuit to establish diode, should be small at establishing the electric voltage of the diode in the 4 Vs.If use to take the tongue  switch of give out light the

37、diode, establish diode Number can't more than twos. Moreover, importation's connecting line should also notice specially the following what time:</p><p>　　The importation connects line and want gener

38、ally over the 30 ms.But if the environment interference is smaller, when the electric voltage doesn't greatly decline, the importation connects line appropriate grow some.</p><p>　　Importation,output lin

39、e and can't use the same root of electric cable, input,output line to want separate.</p><p>　　The width of the pulse signal that the programmable controller can accept, should be big in scan time of the

40、period.</p><p>　　2.6 The exportation connects line</p><p>　　The programmable controller outputted after the electric appliances,the  tube output,the transistor output 3 kinds of forms.</

41、p><p>　　The exportation carries to connect line to is divided into independence to output with the public exportation.When the PLC exportation acts after the electric appliances or the  tube, same two expo

42、rtations of number carry to connect.At Can adopt the exportation electric voltage of different type and the electric voltage grade in the different set.But can use same type at same exportation in the set,same power supp

43、ly of electric voltage grade.</p><p>　　Because the PLC exportation component is seal to pack in printing to make circuit board, and links to carry the son plank, if output conjunction the load short circuit

44、of the component, will destroy by fire to print to make Circuit board, therefore apply the fuse protection to output a component.</p><p>　　Adoption after When the electric appliances output, bear of the elec

45、tricity sensitive faculty load the size influence to after the work life span of the electric appliances, therefore after electric appliances work the life span request long.</p><p>　　The PLC exportation loa

46、d may produce the  voice interference, so want to adopt measure to take in to control. In addition, for can use the door result in injury of dangerous load, in addition to taking in to consider in the control the pr

47、ocedure, should also design exterior to park the car electric circuit urgently, make can While weaving the distance controller occurrence breakdown, the ability will cause injury of the load power supply cut off.Communi

48、cate the exportation line and direct curre</p><p>　　3 Conclusion</p><p>　　The PLC shows the advantage of the  but useds for the industry control extensively with it, it applies the problem

49、for involve physically a lot of, this text just it the spot install and support the problem put forwardSome regulations, provide to be engaged in the PLC design and application a personnel a reference.</p><p&

50、gt;<b>　　PLC安裝須知 </b></p><p><b>　　1引言</b></p><p>　　可編程控制器（PLC）是一種新型的通用自動化控制裝置，它將傳統(tǒng)的繼電器控制技術(shù)、計算機(jī)技術(shù)和通訊技術(shù)融為一體，具有控制功能強(qiáng)，可靠性高，使用靈活方便，易于擴(kuò)展等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。但在使用時由于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場的工作環(huán)境惡劣，干擾源

51、眾多，如大功率用電設(shè)備的起動或停止引起電網(wǎng)電壓的波動形成低頻干擾，電焊機(jī)、電火花加工機(jī)床、電機(jī)的電刷等通過電磁耦合產(chǎn)生的工頻干擾等，都會影響PLC的正常工作。</p><p>　　盡管PLC是專門在現(xiàn)場使用的控制裝置，在設(shè)計制造時已采取了很多措施，使它對工業(yè)環(huán)境比較適應(yīng)，但是為了確保整個系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定可*，還是應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量使PLC有良好的工作環(huán)境條件， 并采取必要的抗干擾措施。</p><p>　　

52、2 PLC在安裝和維護(hù)時應(yīng)注意的問題</p><p>　　2.1 PLC的安裝</p><p>　　PLC適用于大多數(shù)工業(yè)現(xiàn)場，但它對使用場合、環(huán)境溫度等還是有一定要求。控制PLC的工作環(huán)境，可以有效地提高它的工作效率和壽命。在安裝PLC時，要避開下列場所：</p><p>　　環(huán)境溫度超過0 ~ 50℃的范圍；</p><p>　　相對濕度

53、超過85%或者存在露水凝聚（由溫度突變或其他因素所引起的</p><p><b>　　太陽光直接照射；</b></p><p>　　有腐蝕和易燃的氣體，例如氯化氫、硫化氫等；</p><p><b>　　打量鐵屑及灰塵；</b></p><p>　　頻繁或連續(xù)的振動，振動頻率為10 ~ 55Hz、幅

54、度為0.5mm（峰-峰）；</p><p>　　超過10g（重力加速度）的沖擊。</p><p>　　小型可編程控制器外殼的4個角上，均有安裝孔。有兩種安裝方法，一是用螺釘固定，不同的單元有不同的安裝尺寸；另一種是DIN（德國共和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）軌道固定。DIN軌道配套使用的安裝夾板，左右各一對。在軌道上，先裝好左右夾板，裝上PLC，然后擰緊螺釘。為了使控制系統(tǒng)工作可*，通常把可編程控制器安裝在有保

55、護(hù)外殼的控制柜中，以防止灰塵、油污、水濺。為了保證可編程控制器在工作狀態(tài)下其溫度保持在規(guī)定環(huán)境溫度范圍內(nèi)，安裝機(jī)器應(yīng)有足夠的通風(fēng)空間，基本單元和擴(kuò)展單元之間要有30mm以上間隔。如果周圍環(huán)境超過55C，要安裝電風(fēng)扇，強(qiáng)迫通風(fēng)。為了避免其他外圍設(shè)備的電干擾，可編程控制器應(yīng)盡可能遠(yuǎn)離高壓電源線和高壓設(shè)備，可編程控制器與高壓設(shè)備和電源線之間應(yīng)留出至少200mm的距離。</p><p>　　當(dāng)可編程控制器垂直安裝時，要嚴(yán)

56、防導(dǎo)線頭、鐵屑等從通風(fēng)窗掉入可編程控制器內(nèi)部，造成印刷電路板短路，使其不能正常工作甚至永久損壞。</p><p><b>　　2.2 電源接線</b></p><p>　　PLC供電電源為50Hz、220V±10%的交流電。</p><p>　　FX系列可編程控制器有直流24V輸出接線端。該接線端可為輸入傳感（如光電開關(guān)或接近開關(guān)）提

57、供直流24V電源。</p><p>　　如果電源發(fā)生故障，中斷時間少于10ms，PLC工作不受影響。若電源中斷超過10ms或電源下降超過允許值，則PLC停止工作，所有的輸出點(diǎn)均同時斷開。當(dāng)電源恢復(fù)時，若RUN輸入接通，則操作自動進(jìn)行。</p><p>　　對于電源線來的干擾，PLC本身具有足夠的抵制能力。如果電源干擾特別嚴(yán)重，可以安裝一個變比為1:1的隔離變壓器，以減少設(shè)備與地之間的干擾。

58、</p><p><b>　　2.3 接地</b></p><p>　　良好的接地是保證PLC可靠工作的重要條件，可以避免偶然發(fā)生的電壓沖擊危害。接地線與機(jī)器的接地端相接，基本單元接地。如果要用擴(kuò)展單元，其接地點(diǎn)應(yīng)與基本單元的接地點(diǎn)接在一起。為了抑制加在電源及輸入端、輸出端的干擾，應(yīng)給可編程控制器接上專用地線，接地點(diǎn)應(yīng)與動力設(shè)備（如電機(jī)）的接地點(diǎn)分開。若達(dá)不到這種要求

59、，也必須做到與其他設(shè)備公共接地，禁止與其他設(shè)備串聯(lián)接地。接地點(diǎn)應(yīng)盡可能*近PLC。</p><p>　　2.4 直流24V接線端</p><p>　　使用無源觸點(diǎn)的輸入器件時，PLC內(nèi)部24V電源通過輸入器件向輸入端提供每點(diǎn)7mA的電流。</p><p>　　PLC上的24V接線端子，還可以向外部傳感器（如接近開關(guān)或光電開關(guān)）提供電流。24V端子作傳感器電源時，CO

60、M端子是直流24V地端。如果采用擴(kuò)展船員，則應(yīng)將基本單元和擴(kuò)展單元的24V端連接起來。另外，任何外部電源不能接到這個端子。</p><p>　　如果發(fā)生過載現(xiàn)象，電壓將自動跌落，該點(diǎn)輸入對可編程控制器不起作用，每種型號的PLC的輸入點(diǎn)數(shù)量是有規(guī)定的。對每一個尚未使用的輸入點(diǎn)，它不耗電，因此在這種情況下，24V電源端子向外供電流的能力可以增加。</p><p>　　FX系列PLC的空位端子，

61、在任何情況下都不能使用。</p><p><b>　　2.5 輸入接線</b></p><p>　　PLC一般接受行程開關(guān)、限位開關(guān)等輸入的開關(guān)量信號。輸入接線端子是PLC與外部傳感器負(fù)載轉(zhuǎn)換信號的端口。輸入接線，一般指外部傳感器與輸入端口的接線。</p><p>　　輸入器件可以是任何無源的觸點(diǎn)或集電極開路的NPN管。輸入器件接通時，輸入端接

62、通，輸入線路閉合，同時輸入指示的發(fā)光二極管亮。</p><p>　　輸入端的一次電路與二次電路之間，采用光電耦合隔離。二次電路帶RC濾波器，以防止由于輸入觸點(diǎn)抖動或從輸入線路串入的電噪聲引起PLC誤動作。</p><p>　　若在輸入觸點(diǎn)電路串聯(lián)二極管，在串聯(lián)二極管上的電壓應(yīng)小于4V。若使用帶發(fā)光二極管的舌簧開關(guān)，串聯(lián)二極管的數(shù)目不能超過兩只。</p><p>　　

63、另外，輸入接線還應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　輸入接線一般不要超過30m。但如果環(huán)境干擾較小，電壓降不大時，輸入接線可適當(dāng)長些。</p><p>　　輸入、輸出線不能用同一根電纜，輸入、輸出線要分開。</p><p>　　可編程控制器所能接受的脈沖信號的寬度，應(yīng)大于掃描周期的時間</p><p><b>　　2.6 輸出

64、接線</b></p><p>　　可編程控制器有繼電器輸出、晶閘管輸出、晶體管輸出3種形式。</p><p>　　輸出端接線分為獨(dú)立輸出和公共輸出。當(dāng)PLC的輸出繼電器或晶閘管動作時，同一號碼的兩個輸出端接通。在不同組中，可采用不同類型和電壓等級的輸出電壓。但在同一組中的輸出只能用同一類型、同一電壓等級的電源。</p><p>　　由于PLC的輸出元件被

65、封裝在印制電路板上，并且連接至端子板，若將連接輸出元件的負(fù)載短路，將燒毀印制電路板，因此，應(yīng)用熔絲保護(hù)輸出元件。</p><p>　　采用繼電器輸出時，承受的電感性負(fù)載大小影響到繼電器的工作壽命，因此繼電器工作壽命要求長。</p><p>　　PLC的輸出負(fù)載可能產(chǎn)生噪聲干擾，因此要采取措施加以控制。</p><p>　　此外，對于能使用戶造成傷害的危險負(fù)載，除了在

66、控制程序中加以考慮之外，還應(yīng)設(shè)計外部緊急停車電路，使得可編程控制器發(fā)生故障時，能將引起傷害的負(fù)載電源切斷。</p><p>　　交流輸出線和直流輸出線不要用同一本電纜，輸出線應(yīng)盡量遠(yuǎn)離高壓線和動力線，避免并行。</p><p><b>　　3 結(jié)語</b></p><p>　　PLC以其顯著的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而廣泛用于工業(yè)控制，其實(shí)際應(yīng)用涉及的問題很多，本