外文翻譯---網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)設計的關鍵技術及系統(tǒng)的構建

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設計外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　題 目 基于WEB的網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn) </p><p>　　學 院 信息科學與工程學院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 網(wǎng)絡工程 </p><p>　　班 級

2、 </p><p>　　學 生 </p><p>　　學 號 </p><p>　　指導教師 </p><p>　　二〇一 二年 二 月 二十五日</p><p>　　Key Techniques for Web Co

3、urse—Choosing System</p><p>　　Design and Construction</p><p>　　Abstract：The Web Course—Choosing is the core that the credit system management reforms ，at present，the Web Course—Choosing system

4、that every enterprises and colleges and universities already develop out，13o sttong or because of the diversity managing a pattern or because of system general availability，can be used being put in use directly having p

5、retty big difficulty．Developed out the Web Course—Choosing adapting to our college credit system requires．In this paper，three key techniques of W eb C</p><p>　　statistics was also given．Gave technical and me

6、thodology supports for understanding the Web Course—Choosing system structural design，making full use of current practical projects，and solving the practical problems as well as paved the way of implementation of the Web

7、 Course—Choosing system based credit support system．</p><p>　　Key words：Web course—choosing ；system design；key techniques；construction</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Online course

8、selection is an important part of teaching management of credit system, its characteristics can be summarized as a training model of diversity, autonomy of selective learning content, learning processes, learning flexibi

9、lity of time and space. Flexible teaching management mode of a significant increase in impact of traditional, manual approach does not suit the new management mode, all colleges and universities in research to adapt to t

10、he new mode of teaching administration of netw</p><p>　　1. Analysis of course-choosing system requirements</p><p>　　1.1 Students on course selection system functional requirements analysis</

11、p><p>　　Students in the courses of the requirements within the time period, log on to the system as an optional course, by-election, in the course selection process to be able to query the professional teachin

12、g program, instructors, such as scientific research, after the end of the course to be able to browse individual curricula, while allowing students access to personal files and all subjects.</p><p>　　Teacher

13、s ' course-selecting system functional requirements analysis</p><p>　　Teachers can use the system, maintain their own research and archival information, other teachers have access to part of the research

14、, to be able to query your course schedule, can query the courses students, to entry the students, to on course score for statistical analysis, inspection under the teaching plan and teaching schedule, and so on.</p&g

15、t;<p>　　Manager course-selecting system functional requirements analysis</p><p>　　Managers use the system to develop the teaching plan, have access to teaching schedule tasks, have access to all cours

16、es, students and teachers have access to basic information, to carry out all kinds of statistics, and so on.</p><p>　　2. Key technologies for design of network course selection system and method</p>&

17、lt;p>　　2.1 System design process</p><p>　　2.1.1 Database design</p><p>　　Database design is reasonable, is the key to the smooth running of the Office software system. Online course selecti

18、on through to serious research, teaching and foreign colleges and universities in the province runs the entire process means of tracking the implementation of requirements analysis, design of the e-r model, associate sys

19、tem functions and data structures, and are reflected in the database design process. The system database reference 《education management information standard under》</p><p>　　Server configuration</p>&

20、lt;p>　　Server configuration requirements (with PC Server as an example): </p><p>　　Operating system: Windows 2003, Linux, and Unix</p><p>　　Java runtime environment-Jdk1. 3. 1</p><

21、p>　　Application server: Tomcat 4. 0 percent </p><p>　　Database server: SQL Server 2000, Oracle 8i& Oracle 9i、Mysql3． 23 </p><p>　　PCServer hardware requirements: </p><p>　　CP

22、U: Intel PIII 800 or more (recommended P4 1. 6G)</p><p>　　Memory: 512M (recommend 1G) </p><p>　　Hard disk: 40G (reference 80G) </p><p>　　Problem to focus on addressing the Security

23、Server with the server configuration: </p><p>　　(1) using the security features of the operating system, the operating system, such as users, user groups and access rights for strict rules, turn off services

24、 that may lead to security vulnerabilities, such as Telnet, FTP, SendMail, etc; </p><p>　　(2) in respect of hardware disk array technology, guarantee the security of server-side data.</p><p>　　2

25、.1.3 Client development</p><p>　　Development tools use the most popular Web programming language of JSP and JavaBean and Servlet technologies used in conjunction. Its advantage program page once compiled, d

26、ramatically improves program speed, followed by its good cross-platform.</p><p>　　Commissioning and publishing</p><p>　　Online course selection in three stages, namely normal course, lessons con

27、firmed election results, and a by-election. Trial operation of the System 2003-level undergraduate students, students in the school to fill out course selection form within the required time, selected courses, which la

28、sted a week. Normal course after the end of Dean's Office in the normal course results to remove are not eligible for classes teaching 8 classes in, while another 4 course class class. Students can be viewe</p>

29、<p>　　Design of key technologies and methods</p><p>　　Object-oriented programming technology</p><p>　　Method of object-oriented programming is a kind of support software reuse and modular

30、 design method of practical programming, its basic idea is to encapsulate and scalability. Packaging to bring software modularity, security, and so on, because there is no data coupling, objects with no action taken as a

31、 result of boundary effects, therefore, easier to maintain and modify [. Scalability to leave system interfaces for easy integration with other systems, this system to work with the library, pers</p><p>　　Sy

32、stem security technology</p><p>　　Information security system construction of the first issue, of course-choosing system key information (such as student achievement, student information, and so on) safety i

33、s essential, must be developed at the design stage of the system construction of reliable security policy. This system from network traffic, server security, database management systems, systems, procedures, computer vir

34、us prevention and cure of the five regard provide security:</p><p>　　(1) network communications: virtual local area network (VI, AN) services and firewall technologies. Your WEB server and database server sy

35、stem on College campus virtual subnet, only allow internal users to access, shielded external user access. For network protocol for qualifying, cute as h, p Protocol allows you to access, such as FrP, TeNet Protocol impl

36、ementation. </p><p>　　(2) Server security. </p><p>　　(3) the database account permissions and database, database view, account operations record operating information, concurrency control, trigg

37、er actions, such as time tracking, in addition, enables automatic data backup data, and so on. </p><p>　　(4) system. a． Designed to dynamically set the user information in your application, access informatio

38、n, illegal may be effective in preventing the program from the system the client logs on to the system, and b. Application security control for database operations, will not cause half of the data submitted, or submitted

39、 error; c. Data encryption technology, the system user (such as students, teachers, and so on) registered passwords are encrypted to eliminate user Session such as technology get</p><p>　　(5) computer virus

40、prevention: install legitimate antivirus on the server side With anti-virus and firewall software, ensure that the functioning of the system.</p><p>　　2.2.3 Database optimization techniques.</p><p

41、>　　(1) SQL statement optimization: SQL statement into the same purpose to be poor performance the performance of SQL statements. Using artificial intelligence, automatically overriding SQL statements, so as to find th

42、e best performance of an equivalent SQL statement. </p><p>　　(2) indexed: improving query speed of the system.</p><p>　　(3) create views and stored procedures</p><p>　　3. Online cou

43、rse system construction</p><p>　　3.1 Construction of management system</p><p>　　Systems using Microsoft SQLServer2000 database in the background, foreground mining technology of JSP+JavaBean+Ser

44、vlet and B/S mode Tomcat5. 0 as a WEB server, Internet course-selecting system features such as data entry, modification, querying, and statistics. Figure 1 is a system function module</p><p>　　System functi

45、on</p><p>　　(1) data maintenance functions: you can add, delete or modify data in a database operation, such as, and to deal with emergencies in the course selection process. </p><p>　　(2) searc

46、h function: can be based on user needs, such as students, teachers, and retrieve compliance data in a library. </p><p>　　(3) data and statistics: statistical data in the database, and displayed as an icon, w

47、hich found laws, provide reference for managers. </p><p>　　(4) help: to provide users with timely, easy online help service. Figure 2 gives the student the normal course Interface, Figure 3 shows the student

48、's schedule.</p><p>　　4. Concluding remarks</p><p>　　(1) after the course-choosing system, inputs to leap up in the students first, after four students ' course selection action, constan

49、tly modifying system functions, the current system has been improved, and user more human. </p><p>　　(2) policy, system security. Throughout the development phase of the system, had a number of discussions a

50、round the policy of credit system in College, due to prior implementation and to develop policies, resulting in wide range adjustment system modules, the progress made in the development of the system. (3) course-choosin

51、g system data processing algorithms that require further study and discussion. Current system is used in the optimization level and first-come, first-served approach, courses</p><p>　　References:</p>

52、<p>　　[1] Hu Shijun, Wei-Chun yan, Rui Zhiyuan. Study on the current situation of credit system and its [j]. Gansu technology, 2004,20 (2): 151-153. </p><p>　　[2]-SA divisions warmth, Wang Shan. An intr

53、oduction to database systems [m]. Beijing: higher education press, 2002. </p><p>　　[3] Tang Yang, Wei Xiong, Chen Hongcheng. , And so on. Mechanism design and implementation of database triggers [j]. Applica

54、tion of electronic technology. 2005 (2): 16-18. </p><p>　　[4] Liu De Chung Hom Kok. Principle and application of database system [m]. Wuhan: Hubei people s press. 2003.</p><p>　　[5] Guo Haifeng.

55、 Yang Guogui. Oracle database performance tuning techniques and implementation [j]. Computer engineering. 2006. 32 (19): 82-94.</p><p>　　網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)設計的關鍵技術及系統(tǒng)的構建</p><p>　　摘要：學生選課是學分制管理制度改革的核心。目前，各企業(yè)及

56、高校已經(jīng)研制出的網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)，或因管理模式不同或因系統(tǒng)通用性不強，使得直接投入使用有相當大的困難，為適應南陽理工學院學分制管理制度的改革需要，自主研發(fā)了網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)。給出了網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)設計的三個關鍵技術：面向對象、系統(tǒng)安全、數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)化，并利用JSP技術構建了網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)錄入、查詢檢索、報表統(tǒng)計等功能。為整體認識和解決基于學分制網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)的結構方案設計，解決設計中的各種實際問題提供了技術、方法和手段的支持，也為全面系統(tǒng)地實現(xiàn)學

57、分制教學管理模式的構建奠定了基礎。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：網(wǎng)上選課；系統(tǒng)設計；關鍵技術；構建</p><p><b>　　引 言</b></p><p>　　網(wǎng)上選課是學分制教學管理的重要組成部分，其特點可以概括為培養(yǎng)模式的多樣性、學習內(nèi)容的選擇性、學習進程的自主性、學習時間與空間的靈活性等。靈活性的大量增加嚴重沖擊傳統(tǒng)的教學管理模式，手

58、工處理方式已不能適應新的管理模式，各高校都在探索研究適應新的教學管理模式的網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)。目前各高校自主研發(fā)的系統(tǒng)因緊密結合所在院校的教學管理模式，所以軟件通用性不高，往往僅適用于所在高校。企業(yè)開發(fā)的軟件通用性雖強，但后期維護及二次開發(fā)比較困難?；谏鲜鲈颍详柪砉W院自主研發(fā)了基于學分制教務管理的網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　1 網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)需求分析</p><p>　　1．1 學

59、生用戶對選課系統(tǒng)功能需求分析</p><p>　　學生要求在規(guī)定的選課時間段內(nèi)，登錄系統(tǒng)進行選課、補選，在選課過程中能夠查詢本專業(yè)教學計劃、任課教師的科研情況等，選課結束后能夠瀏覽個人課程表等，同時允許學生查閱個人檔案及各科成績。</p><p>　　1．2 教師對選課系統(tǒng)功能需求分析</p><p>　　教師能夠通過使用該系統(tǒng)，維護自已的科研及檔案信息，能夠查閱其

60、他教師部分科研情況，能夠查詢自己的課程安排情況，能夠查詢所帶課程的學生情況，能夠對學生成績進行錄入，能夠對課程成績情況進行統(tǒng)計分析，能夠查閱專業(yè)教學計劃及下期教學安排等等。</p><p>　　1．3 管理者對選課系統(tǒng)功能需求分析</p><p>　　管理者使用該系統(tǒng)，能夠制定各專業(yè)教學計劃，能夠查閱教學任務安排情況，能夠查閱全院課表，能夠查閱學生及教師的基本情況，能夠進行各類統(tǒng)計等等。&

61、lt;/p><p>　　2 網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)設計的關鍵技術與方法</p><p>　　2．1 系統(tǒng)設計的過程</p><p>　　2．1．1 數(shù)據(jù)庫設計</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)庫設計是否合理，是軟件系統(tǒng)能否順利運行的關鍵之處。網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)通過到省內(nèi)、外高校認真調(diào)研、教學運行全過程追蹤等手段實施需求分析，進行E—R模型設計，將系統(tǒng)功能與數(shù)據(jù)的結構關聯(lián)

62、起來，并反映在數(shù)據(jù)庫設計過程中。該系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫參照《教育管理信息化標準》，結合我校實際的教務教學管理模式進行設計，同時滿足關系數(shù)據(jù)庫的實體完整性、參照完整性、用戶定義完整性要求，利用主鍵和外鍵實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的完整性，利用自定義的約束條件來減少錄入的復雜度和出錯率，利用觸發(fā)器機制增強引用完整性和控制數(shù)據(jù)庫的變動，利用存儲過程減少數(shù)據(jù)庫開發(fā)人員工作量，提高數(shù)據(jù)庫執(zhí)行速度。系統(tǒng)的前臺與后臺共同訪問一個數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器，考慮到系統(tǒng)本身大量數(shù)據(jù)信息(如：學生

63、基本信息、教師基本信息、課程基本信息等40多個)及數(shù)據(jù)之間的關系，依照關系數(shù)據(jù)庫的3NF范式，盡量做到數(shù)據(jù)相互依賴但不造成冗余。</p><p>　　2．1．2 服務器配置</p><p>　　服務器配置需求(以PC Server為例)：</p><p>　　操作系統(tǒng)：Windows 2003、Linux、Unix</p><p>　　Jav

64、a運行環(huán)境-Jdk1．3．1</p><p>　　應用服務器：Tomcat 4．0以上</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器：SQL Server 2000、Oracle 8i&</p><p>　　Oracle 9i、Mysql3．23</p><p>　　PCServer硬件需求：</p><p>　　CPU：

65、Intel PIII 800以上(推薦P4 1．6G)</p><p>　　內(nèi)存：512M 以上(推薦1G)</p><p>　　硬盤：40G以上(推薦80G)</p><p>　　服務器配置后要著重解決服務器的安全問題：</p><p>　　(1)利用操作系統(tǒng)安全功能，對操作系統(tǒng)用戶、用戶組及訪問權限等作嚴格規(guī)定，關掉可能導致安全漏洞的服務

66、，如Telnet、FTP、SendMail等；</p><p>　　(2)在硬件方面采用磁盤陣列技術，保證服務器端數(shù)據(jù)的安全性。</p><p>　　2．1．3 客戶端開發(fā)</p><p>　　開發(fā)工具選用目前最為流行的網(wǎng)絡編程語言JSP，并結合使用JavaBean 和Servlet技術。其優(yōu)點在于程序頁面一次性編譯，大大提高了程序的訪問速度，其次是其具備良好的跨平

67、臺性。</p><p>　　2．1．4 試運行及發(fā)布</p><p>　　網(wǎng)上選課分三個階段，即正常選課、確認選課結果、退補選課。該系統(tǒng)在2003級本科生中試運行，學生在學院規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)進行填寫選課單、選定課程，歷時一周。正常選課結束后，教務處根據(jù)正常選課結果，撤銷不符合開班條件的課程教學班8個，同時對另外4個課程教學班進行合班。學生可以在網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)站上查看被撤課程、補撤教學班的學生名

68、單等信息，確認選課結果。撤、合班后允許學生改選同一類別的其它課程教學班。正常選課結果處理完畢后，有143人進行了補選。教務處管理人員針對補選結果進行處理，對仍有不符合開班條件的教學班進行撤銷(即下學期不再開設該門課程)。學生對選課結果進行確認，可以登錄選課系統(tǒng)打印自己課程表。通過系統(tǒng)試運行，達到學院預定的目標，自2004年起在全院展開。</p><p>　　2．2 設計的關鍵技術與方法</p>&l

69、t;p>　　2．2．1 面向對象程序設計技術</p><p>　　面向對象程序設計方法是一種支持模塊化設計和軟件重用的實際可行的編程方法，它的基本思想是封裝和可擴展性。全封裝給軟件帶來了模塊性、安全性等優(yōu)點，因為基本沒有數(shù)據(jù)耦合，對象間沒有因操作而產(chǎn)生的邊界效應，所以易于維護和修改[ ?？蓴U展性給系統(tǒng)留下接口，便于與其他系統(tǒng)的融合，此系統(tǒng)能夠與圖書館管理系統(tǒng)、人事管理系統(tǒng)、科研管理系統(tǒng)、財務管理系統(tǒng)、學院辦

70、公OA系統(tǒng)等接軌，順利實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的導人導出。</p><p>　　2．2．2 系統(tǒng)安全技術</p><p>　　信息安全問題是系統(tǒng)建設的首要問題，網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)中的一些關鍵信息(如學生成績、學籍信息等)的安全是至關重要的，必須在系統(tǒng)建設的設計階段制定可靠的安全策略。本系統(tǒng)從網(wǎng)絡通訊、服務器安全、數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)、系統(tǒng)程序、計算機病毒的防治等五個方面提供安全保障：</p><p

71、>　　(1)網(wǎng)絡通訊：采用虛擬局域網(wǎng)(Ⅵ ，AN)服務和防火墻技術。將系統(tǒng)的WEB服務器與數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器建立在學院的校園虛擬子網(wǎng)內(nèi)，只允許校內(nèi)用戶訪問，屏蔽校外用戶訪問。對于網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議也作限定，如H兀、P協(xié)議等允許訪問，F(xiàn)rP、TeNet等協(xié)議限制執(zhí)行。</p><p><b>　　(2)服務器安全。</b></p><p>　　(3)對數(shù)據(jù)庫帳號、數(shù)據(jù)庫視圖、帳號

72、操作權限及數(shù)據(jù)庫的并發(fā)控制、觸發(fā)器記錄操作信息、操作時間等進行跟蹤，此外，還啟用數(shù)據(jù)自動備份數(shù)據(jù)等等。</p><p><b>　　(4)系統(tǒng)程序．</b></p><p>　　a．在應用程序中設計可動態(tài)設置用戶信息，使用權限信息等，可有效地防止從系統(tǒng)程序的客戶端非法登錄系統(tǒng)；b．應用程序對數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作均有安全機制控制，不會造成數(shù)據(jù)提交一半或錯誤提交；c．采用數(shù)據(jù)加密

73、技術，把系統(tǒng)用戶(如學生、教師等)注冊的密碼進行加密，杜絕用戶通過Session等技術獲取密碼。</p><p>　　(5)計算機病毒防治：在服務器端安裝正版殺毒工</p><p>　　具及防火墻軟件進行病毒防范，確保系統(tǒng)正常運作。</p><p>　　2．2．3 數(shù)據(jù)庫優(yōu)化技術。</p><p>　　(1)SQL語句優(yōu)化：即將性能低下的SQ

74、L語句轉換成目的相同的性能優(yōu)異的SQL語句。使用人工智能技術，自動對SQL語句進行重寫，從而找到性能最好的等效SQL語句。</p><p>　　(2)建立索引：提高系統(tǒng)查詢速度。</p><p>　　(3)創(chuàng)建視圖和存儲過程</p><p>　　3 網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)的構建</p><p>　　3．1 管理系統(tǒng)的構建</p><

75、p>　　系統(tǒng)后臺采用微軟SQLServer2000做數(shù)據(jù)庫，前臺B／S模式采JSP+JavaBean+Servlet技術和Tomcat5．0做為WEB服務器，實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)錄入、修改、查詢、統(tǒng)計等功能。圖1為系統(tǒng)的功能模塊</p><p><b>　　3．2 系統(tǒng)的功能</b></p><p>　　(1)數(shù)據(jù)維護功能：可以對數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)進行增加、刪除、

76、修改等操作，并能及時處理選課過程中的突發(fā)事件。</p><p>　　(2)查詢檢索功能：可以根據(jù)學生、教師等用戶需求，在庫中檢索符合要求的數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p>　　(3)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計：可以對數(shù)據(jù)庫中的數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計，并以圖標的形式顯示出來，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律，為管理者提供參考。</p><p>　　(4)幫助：可以為用戶提供及時、方便的在線幫助服務。圖2給出了學生正常選課&l

77、t;/p><p>　　界面，圖3給出了學生的個人課表。</p><p><b>　　4 結束語</b></p><p>　　(1)網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)構建后，首先在本科生中投入使踴，經(jīng)過四屆學生的選課操作，不斷修改系統(tǒng)功能，目前系統(tǒng)功能已經(jīng)完善，用戶操作更加人性化。</p><p>　　(2)政策先行，制度做保障。在系統(tǒng)整個開發(fā)階段

78、，圍繞學院學分制的政策進行了多次討論，由于政策有事先落實和制定，導致系統(tǒng)模塊進行大范圍調(diào)整，響廠系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)進度。</p><p>　　(3)網(wǎng)上選課系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)處理算法有待進一步研究和探討。目前系統(tǒng)采用的是優(yōu)選級和先來先服務的辦法，不能保證選課的公平、公正。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻：</b></p><p>　　[1] 胡世軍，衛(wèi)春

79、燕，芮執(zhí)元．學分制的實施現(xiàn)狀及其研究[J]．甘肅科技，2004，20(2)：151—153．</p><p>　　[2] 薩師煊，王珊．數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)概論[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2002．</p><p>　　[3] 唐揚，熊偉，陳宏盛．等．數(shù)據(jù)庫觸發(fā)器機制的設計與實現(xiàn)[J]．電子技術應用．2005(2)：16—18．</p><p>　　[4] 劉德舂．數(shù)據(jù)庫系