外文翻譯--變速恒頻交流勵磁雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)及其控制技術研究

1、<p><b>　　中文1765字</b></p><p><b>　　畢 業(yè) 設 計</b></p><p>　　外 文 文 獻 譯 文 及 原 文</p><p>　　學 生： </p><p>　　學 號：

2、 </p><p>　　院 （系）： 電氣與信息工程學院 </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 電氣工程及其自動化 </p><p>　　指導教師： </p><p>　　2009 年 6 月10 日</p><p>　　變速恒頻

3、交流勵磁雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)及其控制技術研究</p><p>　　R. Pen , J . C.Clare , G. M.Asher</p><p>　　摘要：隨著電力電子器件制造及其應用技術的飛速發(fā)展，使得大型變速恒頻風電機組成為風電機組主要的技術發(fā)展方向之一，而能柔性連接風電機組及電力系統(tǒng)的變速恒頻雙饋風電機組已成為目前風電開發(fā)的主流機型。因此，有關該風電機組的技術、運行特性、并網后系統(tǒng)的

4、安全與穩(wěn)定等問題的研究也相應成為風電領域的重要研究方向。在分析了現有風力發(fā)電機并網技術的基礎上，討論了交流勵磁變速恒頻異步雙饋風力發(fā)電機的并網控制，建立了基于磁場定向矢量控制、不受轉速變化影響的空載，負載和孤島并網三種并網控制方案。</p><p>　　關鍵詞：變速恒頻，風力發(fā)電，雙饋，并網運行 </p><p>　　近年電力電子器件制造及其應用技術的飛速發(fā)展，使得大型變速恒頻風電機組成為

5、風電機組主要的技術發(fā)展方向之一，而能柔性連接風電機組及電力系統(tǒng)的變速恒頻雙饋風電機組已成為目前風電開發(fā)的主流機型。因此，有關該風電機組的技術、運行特性、并網后系統(tǒng)的安全與穩(wěn)定等問題的研究也相應成為風電領域的重要研究方向。為開發(fā)我國風電領域的新技術，國家高技術研究發(fā)展計劃(863)中資助了《兆瓦級變速恒頻風電機組》項目。本文結合該項目子課題《兆瓦級變速恒頻風電機組并網技術研究》的部分內容，在廣泛分析國內外有關資料的基礎上，研究了大型變速恒

6、頻雙饋風力發(fā)電機組的動態(tài)建模、運行特性、以及風電機群并網后電壓一無功控制策略，其主要研究內容和創(chuàng)新性的成果如下：</p><p>　　第一、推導了形式簡單、能正確反映運行特性、且易于數值仿真實現的雙饋感應發(fā)電機簡化三階動態(tài)數學模型。相應于控制變量發(fā)生階躍和漸變，對雙饋感應發(fā)電機精確模型和該簡化模型的響應特性進行了詳細比較，比較結果充分表明了該簡化模型具有良好的精確度，能很好的代替精確模型應用在轉子轉速變化范圍較大

7、，發(fā)電機功率因數較高的雙饋感應發(fā)電機的建模和研究中。因此，該模型能較好地應用于變速恒頻雙饋風電系統(tǒng)的研究。</p><p>　　第二、以雙饋感應發(fā)電機三階簡化動態(tài)數學模型為基礎，推導了適用于小干擾穩(wěn)定分析的線性化模型和相應系統(tǒng)的閉環(huán)傳遞函數和開環(huán)傳遞函數，并首次應用開環(huán)傳遞函數和根軌跡方法，分析了雙饋感應發(fā)電機初始運行點與系統(tǒng)動態(tài)品質的關系。</p><p>　　第三、首次提出了由整流和逆

8、變部分的調制比和相位差四個控制參數表征的用于雙饋機組的變頻器數學模型，并依據變速恒頻雙饋風力發(fā)電機組組成構件的物理特性，建立了能表征變速恒頻風電機組特性的整體動態(tài)數學模型。同時，基于MATLAB平臺創(chuàng)新性地開發(fā)了變速恒頻雙饋風電機組并網特性研究的仿真程序。</p><p>　　第四、分析了變速恒頻雙饋風電機組的運行特性。在穩(wěn)態(tài)特性方面，分析了變速恒頻雙饋風力發(fā)電機組的有功功率特性、無功功率特性和P-Q容量極限。在

9、動態(tài)特性方面，對變速恒頻雙饋風電機組和常規(guī)變槳距恒速風電機組的動態(tài)特性作了對比仿真，仿真結果說明了前者優(yōu)越的運行特性。此外，以直接接入大電網的變速恒頻雙饋風電機組為例，對不同風況下風電機組的運行特性進行了仿真。仿真的結果說明了變速恒頻雙饋風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)動態(tài)模型的正確性和控制目標設計的合理性，表明了變速恒頻雙饋風電機組所具備的無功一一電壓調節(jié)潛力。</p><p>　　第五、分析了變速恒頻雙饋風電機組的運行區(qū)域，確定

10、了理想工況下總控制目標，首次提出了定子磁場旋轉坐標系下的變頻器功率一一電壓控制策略，并設計了變速恒頻雙饋風電機組的整體控制器。</p><p>　　第六、創(chuàng)新性地提出了變速恒頻雙饋風電機群并網的分段分層實時優(yōu)化運行控制策略。該策略按風速分段、并按控制單元中控制參考值的整定和對控制參考值的追蹤分層。以達到在保證風電機組安全穩(wěn)定運行的同時，最大效率的利用風能和參與全網無功優(yōu)化運行，提高系統(tǒng)電壓穩(wěn)定性的目標。并以我國北

11、方某風電場為例，仿真分析了該控制策略下，風速發(fā)生擾動變化和系統(tǒng)側發(fā)生故障時，單臺變速恒頻風電機組運行特性及風電機群與接入系統(tǒng)中關鍵節(jié)點的電壓特性。仿真結果表明，本文提出的分層分段控制策略不僅能保證風電機組最大效率的利用風能，還能充分發(fā)揮機組的無功調節(jié)能力，從而平衡擾動，提高風電機群和接入系統(tǒng)的電壓穩(wěn)定性，保證整個系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化運行。</p><p>　　綜上所述，本文從國內外對雙饋感應發(fā)電機的研究現狀出發(fā)，對變速恒頻

12、雙饋風電機組的動態(tài)建模及運行特性進行了全面分析，完成了變速恒頻雙饋風電機群并網運行控制策略的設計和相應軟件的開發(fā)，從而構成了“大型變速恒頻風電機組并網技術研究”中控制策略方面的一個完整的思路與分析軟件平臺。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　[1] F. Giraud and Z. M. Salameh, “ Wind-driven v

13、ariable-speed, variable frequency, double-output, induction generators,” Electric Mach. Power Syst. , vol. 26, pp. 287-297, 1998.</p><p>　　[2] M. N. Eskander and M. T. El-Hagry, “Optimal performance of doubl

14、e output induction generator used in WECS,”Electric Mach. Power Syst.,vol. 25, pp. 1035-1046, 1997.</p><p>　　[3] E. Akpinar and P. Pillay, “Modeling and performance of slip energy recovery induction motor dr

15、ives,”IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 5, pp. 203-210, Mar. 1990. </p><p>　　[4]E. Akpinar and P. Pillay, “A computer program to predict he performance of slip energy recovery induction motor drives,”IEEE

16、 Trans. Energy Conversion , vol. 5, pp. 357-365, June 1990.</p><p>　　[5]J. B. Ekanayake, L. Holdsworth, X. Wu, N. Jenkins,“Dynamic Modelling of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbines”,IEEE Trans. On po

17、wer systems ,VOL.18, No .2,May 2003,pp.803-809.</p><p>　　[6] L. Refoufi, B. A. T. Alzahawi, A. G. Jack, “(R)Analysis and modeling of the steady state behavior of the static Kramer induction generator,”IEEE T

18、rans. On Energy Conversion , Vol. 14, No. 3, September 1999, pp. 333-339. </p><p>　　Research on VSCF AC Excitation Doubly fed Wind Energy Generation System and Its Control Technology</p><p>　　R.

19、 Pen , J . C.Clare , G. M.Asher</p><p>　　Abstract:with the great development in manufacture of power electronic converter and its application technology，the variable speed wind turbine(VSWT)with large capaci

20、ty has become one primary technology directions of wind turbines．The VSWT with doubly—fed induction generator(DFIG)which can flexibly join wind turbineto power system has turned into mainstream machine in the field of ex

21、ploring wind energy in the world now．It is therefore important to study the technology，operation characteristics，s</p><p>　　KEYWORDS:VSCF,wind power generation,doubly fed,grid-connected</p><p>　

22、　In recent years，with the great development in manufacture of power electronic converter and its application technology，the variable speed wind turbine(VSWT)with large capacity has become one primary technology direction

23、s of wind turbines．The VSWT with doubly—fed induction generator(DFIG)which can flexibly join wind turbineto power system has turned into mainstream machine in the field of exploring wind energy in the world now．It is the

24、refore important to study the technology，operation characteri</p><p>　　Firstly，a simply 3rd order dynamic model for DFIG is developed．The proposed model is adequate to describe dynamic behaviors and is easy

25、to simulate by computer．Since control variables have taken place step changes and gradual changes，a detailed comparison of dynamic behaviors is made between the proposed model and exact model in the dissertation．The resu

26、lts are shown that the proposed model has a favorable definition and can substitute the exact model in research on DFIG with high power factor a</p><p>　　Secondly，based on 3rd order dynamic model of DFIG，a l

27、inear model in state space formulation and transfer functions fitting for analysis on small disturbance stability of DFIG are presented．Moreover using open transfer function and eigenvalue locus for the first time，the re

28、lationship between original operation point and dynamic characteristics are discussed in the dissertation.</p><p>　　Thirdly，a model of frequency converter that is expressed by four control parameters，that is

29、，modulation ratio and phase difference of converter and inverter is originally presented in this dissertation Meanwhile，a aggregated dynamic model of VSWT is established based on the physical characteristics of composing

30、 components Then a simulation tool of VSWT is originally developed by using MATLAB．</p><p>　　Fourthly，the operation characteristics of VSWT are discussed in this dissertation．At the aspects of steady charact

31、eristics，the active power，reactive power and P-Q capacity limit are analyzed．At the aspects of dynamic characteristics，the dynamic behaviours are simulated contrastively between VWST and constant speed wind turbine (CSWT

32、)．The results show that VSWT has more superior behaviors．Furthermore，taking the example of VS WT with DFIG connected straight with large grid．the operation characteri</p><p>　　Fifthly．the operation areas of

33、the VSWT with DFIG are analyzed and the general control objects in the ideal situation are made certain in this dissertation．Moreover，a power—voltage control strategy of frequency converter at the coordinate system of ro

34、tating stator magnetic field is originally developed and the general controller is designed in the dissertation．</p><p>　　Sixthly．a real optimized operation control strategy of VSWT operation with grid is pr

35、esented ori ginally in this dissertation.The control strategy is divided into two subsections according to wind speed，and two layers according the amending control references and tracing control references．Its aims are t

36、o ensure safe operation．</p><p>　　Simultaneous，it can improve operation efficiency of VSWT,take part in the reactive power optimization of the grid and enhance the voltage stability of power systems．Then tak

37、ing the example of a wind park lied in north of china，the operation characteristics of single VSWT and voltage characteristics of grid are simulated and analyzed when some disturbances about wind speed emerge and some fa

38、ults in the systems take place under the control strategy．The results show that the proposed control strate</p><p>　　In summary，based on the research status of DFIG at home and aboard，the dynamic modeling an

39、d operation characteristics of VSWT are fully analyzed in this dissertation．Then the control strategy of VSWTs in the power systems is accomplished and a simulation tool is developed by using MATLAB correspondingly．There

40、by，the work makes up of a integrated research at aspect of control strategy about "Operation technology of VSWT with large capacity in the grid"．</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] F. G

41、iraud and Z. M. Salameh, “ Wind-driven variable-speed, variable frequency, double-output, induction generators,” Electric Mach. Power Syst. , vol. 26, pp. 287-297, 1998.</p><p>　　[2] M. N. Eskander and M. T

42、. El-Hagry, “Optimal performance of double output induction generator used in WECS,”Electric Mach. Power Syst.,vol. 25, pp. 1035-1046, 1997.</p><p>　　[3] E. Akpinar and P. Pillay, “Modeling and performance

43、of slip energy recovery induction motor drives,”IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 5, pp. 203-210, Mar. 1990. </p><p>　　[4]E. Akpinar and P. Pillay, “A computer program to predict he performance of slip en

44、ergy recovery induction motor drives,”IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion , vol. 5, pp. 357-365, June 1990.</p><p>　　[5] J. B. Ekanayake, L. Holdsworth, X. Wu, N. Jenkins,“Dynamic Modelling of Doubly Fed Induction

45、 Generator Wind Turbines”,IEEE Trans. On power systems ,VOL.18, No .2,May 2003,pp.803-809.</p><p>　　[6] L. Refoufi, B. A. T. Alzahawi, A. G. Jack, “(R)Analysis and modeling of the steady state behavior of t