外文翻譯--城市綠化工程大樹移植技術(shù)

1、<p>　　學(xué)號(hào)：0829024026</p><p>　　本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　題目： City greening projects the tree tansplant technology </p><p>　　院 （系

2、） Agriculture and life sciences </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 班 級(jí) Landscape agricluture </p><p>　　學(xué) 生 姓 名 Shang Zhongwen </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師（職稱） Xu Y

3、ani（Senior Engineer） </p><p>　　提 交 時(shí) 間 May 2012 </p><p>　　City greening projects the tree tansplant technology </p><p>　　Zhao Hongmei</p><p>　?。═

4、he ningxia hui autonomous region persons plan forestry workstations,</p><p>　　Ningxia lund，756300）</p><p>　　Abstract The tree transplantation is urban landscape project of the key technology li

5、nk. From the tree before transplantation of preparation and transplantation of tree planting, dig and after transplantation for maintenance and management of links such as tree transfer technique is introduced, and thoug

6、ht that urban greening trees transplantation to provide the reference . </p><p>　　Key words City green The tree Transfer technique </p><p>　　With the development of social economy, the tre

7、e transplantation has become a city green, the United States indispensable means and measures. Urban and rural afforestation trees planted in the method of commonly used to adorn district scenic spots, and enhance the af

8、forestation effect. The tree transplant requires investment more human, mechanical equipment and capital, it is a high technology content of the project. Now the transplanted technology are presented here.</p><

9、;p>　　1.The tree is the preparation for transplantation</p><p>　　1.1 The tree transplanted before processing</p><p>　　Trees selected to transplant in the north trunk with paint to make obvious

10、 mark, in order to determine the trees Yin and Yang noodles. Determine the transplant seedlings before transplantation in according to the specific conditions have clip, such as cutting, eliminate technology processing,

11、bare root transplant generally take heavy clip, to cut the branches 1/3 to 1/2. Take the ball can be appropriate light transplant cut, cut to a third of branch can. Cut cut when mouths must be smooth, secti</p>&l

12、t;p>　　1.2 Plant hole to prepare and soil treatment</p><p>　　According to the specifications of the hole of planting the trees planted the size of a soil to decide, than the big tree roots picture should b

13、e big tuo soil or 60 ~ 80 cm, deep 20 ~ 30 cm, the pit wall shall be smooth vertical, pit is dug well bottom backfilling 20 ~ 30 cm. Plant soil to choose the water and fertilizer, gas and heat condition good soil. Genera

14、l use sand mix loess (2:1) as transplanting the soil after they colonize is good, one is the roots and affinity. In the big tree plantin</p><p>　　2. Transplantation of mining and planting trees</p>&l

15、t;p>　　2.1 Trees transplant time</p><p>　　The tree in the trees to transplant dormant, spring and autumn season 2 all can, to the spring tree before flow is the best. In the north of China for late march a

16、nd April occurrence peak, this time the trees also in dormancy, tree SAP has not flow, the best season for transplantation trees. </p><p>　　2.2 Transplant tree mining</p><p>　　Mining bare root s

17、eedlings, the first to ensure the seedling root less damaged. Bare root mining is applicable to survive easily, diameter at breast height 10 to 20 centimeters of deciduous trees, a range of root on the root distribution

18、and decide, for the average DBH of 8 ~ 10 times, and along the root of dig under the vertical to see root shall prevail, general deep 80 ~ 120 cm. Mining process, root in thick with sawn cut, in order to avoid splitting

19、the roots. When the lateral root all after</p><p>　　2.3 Tree transportation</p><p>　　In the transport of the tree to prevent the tree branches fold the injury, the tree had to put on the grass

20、curtain or use grass on the trunk tie up more than a few laps, in case in the course of carriage blow grind bark. When necessary to support the transporter.</p><p>　　2.4 Plant requirements</p><p&g

21、t;　　When planting choose good main viewing direction, and take into account face of Yin and Yang, such as trees bend should try to beat. According to the nursery stock depth requirements, the seedlings into the pit. Plan

22、ting depth slightly deep in the original 4 ~ 6 cm. Take soil tuo seedling cut grass to (if hemp rope must take out), to weeding curtain or hemp sack piece, the side buried soil solidify the edge. Bare root trees planting

23、, the root system to stretch, shall not be nest root, when filli</p><p>　　3. After the transplant of maintenance management </p><p>　　3.1 Transplant water</p><p>　　New tree root dam

24、aged due to transplant, the ability to absorb water drop, so ensure enough moisture is to ensure that the key to the survival tree. The tree planted trees should be immediately after the offer and leave a good tree pool,

25、 on the same day to infuse water, irrigation sufficient irrigation thoroughly, and can also cooperate with ABT ShengGenFen irrigation root and other measures. To ensure that the tree the moisture inside body balance and

26、transplanting to spray water mist in the pr</p><p>　　3.1.1 Winding grass tied film </p><p>　　Use first careless or use directly grass will trunk wrapped, then with fine grass to should be fixed

27、on the trunk, reoccupy pipes or spray will spray wet straw. But also to careless or straw will soaked, and package, followed in plastic bag in the careless or straw, strapping on the trunk. ShuKeng poured water with afte

28、r mulching film, film surrounding waters pressure is good, so available soil temperature adjust action, that the trunk space there is enough package temperature and humidity, save</p><p>　　3.1.2 Complement n

29、utrient </p><p>　　In recent years the finding, for some not easy living tree roots or destroying the tree, it is necessary to adopt the method of artificial infusion complement tree body moisture nutrition,

30、the effect is good. The specific methods: first of all, in the hospital collect some of the infusion and plastic bottles to waste (old coke bottle), used for holding matched good solution; Second, using a drill holes dri

31、lled in the trunk, hole depth 2 ~ 3 cm, the tree trunk in different parts of the drill thre</p><p>　　3.2 Transplant tree fixed </p><p>　　After planting should immediately to support fixed, gene

32、rally with the three pillars support fixed method, and often check solid support or not, especially spring meet windy weather, and always pay attention to strengthening support, prevent the trunk for rocking affect survi

33、val rate of trees. </p><p>　　3.3 After the transplant of fertilization</p><p>　　As the tree damage is big, the first years can't fertilizing, according to the growth of trees in 2 on water i

34、rrigation root, spraying on the fat farm manure by; or, etc. In order to improve the survival rate of trees transplantation, outside the root of fertilizer, give priority to with nitrogen (with urea and potassium dihydro

35、gen phosphate), 100 ~ 150 g was every time/strains. Still can use plant biology ABT ShengGenFen filling water solution or regulator root, can quickly restored the trees r</p><p>　　3.4 Pest control</p>

36、<p>　　The tree planted in 1 because more than the wound, the budding leaves tender, tree body resistance is weak, vulnerable to diseases and insect pests attacks, so want to be according to local diseases and insec

37、t pests occurrence any observation, timely take preventive measures. Available carbendazim or "cloth tianjin, such as pesticide DiShaSi mixed spraying, can prevent dry, food leaf pests decay and diseases. General po

38、ints 5, 7, August 3 stages, each successive, every 15 d spray 1 time, normall</p><p>　　4.References </p><p>　　[1]Huang Ziwen Zhou Junhui Zhong Zhiwei. Afforestation construction season the tre

39、e transplanting the central African discuss technology [J]. Journal of jiangxi agricultural, 2008，20（3）：30-32. </p><p>　　[2] Han Hongmei Zhang Sheng. The tree transplanting keep alive technology [J]. The mo

40、dern gardening,2008（5）：42-43. </p><p>　　[3] Shen Chen Feng Wujian. The tree transplanting keep alive technology [J]. Modern agriculture science and technology, 2009（23）：224，227.</p><p>　　[4] Zh

41、en Xiaoyan. The whole city greening tree transplanted by thinking [J]. North China agriculture report, 2004, 38 (F12) : 128-130.</p><p>　　城市綠化工程大樹移植技術(shù)</p><p><b>　　趙紅梅</b></p>

42、<p>　?。▽幭幕刈遄灾螀^(qū)隆德縣城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)林業(yè)工作站，寧夏隆德756300）</p><p>　　摘 要 大樹移植是城市園林綠化工程中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)。從大樹移植前的準(zhǔn)備、移植樹的挖及栽植、移植后的養(yǎng)護(hù)管理等環(huán)節(jié)介紹了大樹移植技術(shù)，以為做好城市綠化大樹移植提供參考。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞 城市綠化；大樹；移植技術(shù)</p><p>　　隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，

43、大樹移植已經(jīng)成為城市綠化、美不可缺少的手段和措施。城鄉(xiāng)綠化建設(shè)中經(jīng)常用大樹移栽的方法來(lái)點(diǎn)綴小區(qū)景點(diǎn)，增強(qiáng)綠化美化效果。大樹移植需要投資較多人力、機(jī)械設(shè)備和資金，是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)含量較高的工程?，F(xiàn)將其移植技術(shù)介紹如下。</p><p>　　1大樹移植的前期準(zhǔn)備</p><p>　　1.1大樹移植的前處理</p><p>　　移植樹木選定后要在樹干北側(cè)用油漆做出明顯標(biāo)記，以便

44、確定樹木的陰陽(yáng)面。確定移植的苗木在移植前根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行修剪、斷根、噴藥等技術(shù)處理，裸根移植一般采取重修剪，剪去枝條的1/3~1/2。帶土球移植則可適當(dāng)輕剪，剪去枝條的1/3即可。修剪時(shí)剪口必須平滑，截面盡量縮小，修剪2 cm粗以上的枝條。常綠樹移植前一般不需修剪，常綠樹修剪時(shí)應(yīng)留1~2 cm木橛，不得貼根剪去。剪口應(yīng)涂抹防腐劑或油漆，或用塑料薄膜包扎，以防病蟲侵害和腐爛[1]。</p><p>　　1.2栽植穴

45、準(zhǔn)備及土壤處理</p><p>　　栽植穴的規(guī)格要根據(jù)移栽大樹土球大小來(lái)定，應(yīng)比大樹根幅或土坨大60~80 cm，深20~30 cm，坑壁應(yīng)平滑垂直，坑挖好后底部回填20~30 cm。栽植土壤要選擇水、肥、氣、熱狀況良好的土壤。一般用沙子拌黃土（2∶1）作為移栽后的定植土較好，一是與樹根有親和力。在栽培大樹時(shí)，泥沙拌黃土易與樹根貼實(shí)；二是通氣性好，能增加地溫，促進(jìn)根系的萌芽；三是排水性能好。雨季能迅速排掉多余的積

46、水，旱季澆水能迅速吸收、擴(kuò)散。</p><p>　　2移植樹的挖掘及栽植</p><p><b>　　2.1大樹移植時(shí)間</b></p><p>　　大樹移植要在樹木休眠期進(jìn)行，春、秋2季均可，以春季樹液流動(dòng)前最佳。在北方地區(qū)為3月下旬至4月上中旬，此時(shí)樹木還在休眠，樹液尚未流動(dòng)，為移植樹木的最佳季節(jié)[2]。</p><p&

47、gt;<b>　　2.2移植樹的挖掘</b></p><p>　　挖掘裸根苗木時(shí)，首先要保證苗木根系少受損傷。裸根挖掘適用于成活容易、胸徑10~20 cm的落葉喬木，所留根冠范圍視根系分布而定，一般為胸徑的8~10倍，沿根幅外垂直下挖至不見主根為準(zhǔn)，一般深80~120 cm。挖掘過(guò)程中，遇粗根時(shí)用手鋸鋸斷，以免根部劈裂。當(dāng)側(cè)根全部挖斷后，將樹身推倒并切斷主根，盡量不傷根皮和須根[3]。對(duì)于常

48、綠樹種和不易成活的落葉樹種，移栽時(shí)必須帶土球，土球直徑為樹干胸徑的7~10倍左右，土球要完好、平整。整個(gè)土坨要修成上大下小圓錐形，土球用草簾子或草繩密密捆綁緊，以防止土球破碎分裂。用吊車吊苗時(shí)，鋼絲繩與土球接觸面放置3 cm厚的木塊，以防止土球因局部受力過(guò)大而松散。如果有些大樹根部土質(zhì)是砂壤土，不能用草繩纏捆，需要大木箱子（大竹筐子）裝置，使土球不易散開，以便于運(yùn)輸。</p><p><b>　　2.3

49、大樹的運(yùn)輸</b></p><p>　　在大樹運(yùn)輸中為防止大樹下部枝干折傷，在樹干上要纏上草簾子或用草繩在樹干上多纏幾圈，以防在運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中刮磨樹皮。必要時(shí)在運(yùn)輸車做好支架。</p><p><b>　　2.4栽植要求</b></p><p>　　栽植時(shí)選好主要觀賞方向，并兼顧陰陽(yáng)面，如有樹彎應(yīng)盡量迎風(fēng)。根據(jù)苗木深淺要求，將苗木放入坑

50、內(nèi)。栽植深度略深于原來(lái)的4~6 cm。帶土坨苗木剪斷草繩（若為麻繩必須取出），去除草簾子或麻袋片，邊埋土邊夯實(shí)。裸根樹木栽植時(shí)，根系要舒展，不得窩根，當(dāng)填土至坑的1/2時(shí)，將苗木輕輕提幾下，再填土、夯實(shí)。</p><p><b>　　3移植后的養(yǎng)護(hù)管理</b></p><p><b>　　3.1移植保水</b></p><p&

51、gt;　　新移植大樹由于根系受損，吸收水分的能力下降，所以保證水分充足是確保樹木成活的關(guān)鍵。大樹栽植后應(yīng)立即整修樹盤并留好樹池，當(dāng)天灌水，灌足灌透，同時(shí)還可配合ABT生根粉灌根等措施。為保證大樹體內(nèi)水分平衡，移栽過(guò)程中采取樹干噴水霧或樹干包裹等方法進(jìn)行保濕處理，以減少水分蒸發(fā)，提高樹木移栽的成活率[4]。</p><p><b>　　3.1.1纏草綁</b></p><p

52、>　　先用草簾或直接用草將樹干包好，然后用細(xì)草繩將其固定在樹干上，再用水管或噴霧器將稻草噴濕。也可先將草簾或稻草浸濕后再包裹，繼之用塑料薄膜包于草簾或稻草外，捆扎于樹干上。樹坑澆透水后用地膜覆蓋，地膜周邊用土壓好，這樣可利用土壤溫度的調(diào)節(jié)作用，保證被包裹樹干空間內(nèi)有足夠的溫度和濕度，省去補(bǔ)充澆水。</p><p>　　3.1.2補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)液</p><p>　　近幾年試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于有些

53、不易活的樹種或根系破壞嚴(yán)重的大樹，有必要采取人工輸液的方法進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充樹體水分營(yíng)養(yǎng)，效果較好。具體方法：首先，在醫(yī)院收集一些廢舊的輸液器和塑料瓶子（舊可樂(lè)瓶子），用來(lái)盛裝配好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液；其次，用電鉆在樹干上鉆小孔，小孔深度2~3cm，大樹在主干的不同部位鉆3~5個(gè)小孔，以便輸液針頭插入，將營(yíng)養(yǎng)液滴入樹體內(nèi)；最后，將配好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)液掛在樹干上，接好輸液器，把針頭插入鉆好的小孔內(nèi)，并把針頭與小孔用膠密封，以防營(yíng)養(yǎng)液外流。</p><

54、;p>　　3.2移植大樹的固定</p><p>　　栽植后應(yīng)隨即進(jìn)行支撐固定，一般用三柱支架固定法，并經(jīng)常檢查支撐物牢固與否，特別是春季遇到大風(fēng)天氣，要隨時(shí)注意加固支撐物，防止樹干因搖動(dòng)而影響樹木成活率。</p><p><b>　　3.3移栽后的施肥</b></p><p>　　由于樹木損傷大，第1年不能施肥，第2年根據(jù)樹的生長(zhǎng)情況進(jìn)行

55、肥水灌根，施農(nóng)家肥或葉面噴肥等。為提高大樹移植成活率，采用根外施肥，以氮肥為主（用尿素和磷酸二氫鉀），每次施100~150 g／株。還可用植物生物調(diào)節(jié)劑或ABT生根粉水溶液灌根，可以迅速恢復(fù)樹木的根系生長(zhǎng)，成活率提高20%~30%。</p><p><b>　　3.4病蟲害防治</b></p><p>　　大樹第1年移栽由于傷口多，萌芽的樹葉嫩，樹體的抵抗力弱，容易遭

56、受病蟲害的侵襲，所以要根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)夭∠x害發(fā)生情況隨時(shí)觀察，適時(shí)采取預(yù)防措施?？捎枚嗑`或托布津、敵殺死等農(nóng)藥混合噴施，可以預(yù)防蛀干、食葉害蟲和病害。一般分5、7、8月3個(gè)階段，每個(gè)階段連續(xù)噴藥，每15 d噴1次，正常情況下可達(dá)到防治的目的。另外，冬季在大樹主干上涂刷防啃劑、石灰、涂料等進(jìn)行保護(hù)和驅(qū)避害蟲。</p><p><b>　　4參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　

57、　[1]黃自文，周俊輝，鐘熾威.綠化施工中非季節(jié)大樹移栽技術(shù)的探討[J].江西農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)，2008，20（3）：30-32.</p><p>　　[2]韓梅紅，張勝.大樹移栽?；罴夹g(shù)[J].現(xiàn)代園藝，2008（5）：42-43.</p><p>　　[3]申晨，鳳舞劍.大樹移栽保活技術(shù)[J].現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技，2009（23）：224，227.</p><p>　　[4]