外文翻譯--液壓支架的發(fā)展與前瞻

1、<p>　　The hydraulic pressure support development with first gazes</p><p>　　[ Key words ] hydraulic pressure support; Control; Intellectualization</p><p>　　1 hydraulic pressure supports de

2、velopment</p><p>　　The hydraulic pressure support is take the high-pressured liquid as a power, by certain hydraulic pressure part (cylinder, pipe accessory) one kind of strut and the control roof mining coa

3、l working surface equipment which becomes with some steel work combinations. Has the intensity high, the travelling speed quick, support the performance good, safe is reliable and so on the characteristic. Since the 20th

4、 century 50's, the hydraulic pressure support has gradually become the mining coal working s</p><p>　　2 domestic and foreign hydraulic pressure supports difference</p><p>　　The domestically

5、produced support in the manufacture technology, the material quality performance, the processing craft, the control system and in the sealing property compares with the overseas advanced countries has the very big dispar

6、ity.</p><p>　　2.1 processings manufactures aspect</p><p>　　According to the related synthesis picks the engineers and technicians to reflect that, the domestically produced hydraulic pressure su

7、pport craft technology, the service life, the operational performance, use the material quality so far not yet to achieve in 1979 introduced 100 sets of supports the technical levels. If structural material: Germany uses

8、 the ST52 material it yield strength is 500 MPa, but our country uses 16 Mn material yield strength is only 350 MPa; Valve class: Overseas always</p><p>　　2.2 control systems aspect</p><p>　　The

9、 domestically produced hydraulic pressure support control system research and development is at backwardness condition, seriously restricted the support to move supposes the speed the enhancement and the synthesis picks

10、the economic efficiency the display. In the world several mainly produce the coal great nation throughout to enhance the support control system achievement the synthesis to pick the economic efficiency the important meth

11、od, the 20th century 60's use manually straight control t</p><p>　　2.3 hydraulic pressure parts aspect</p><p>　　The hydraulic pressure part research and development speed lags by far to the

12、hydraulic pressure support need to develop. The hydraulic pressure support reliability mainly relies on the hydraulic pressure part reliability, the hydraulic pressure support in the coal mine production applies whether

13、succeeds, the key lies in the hydraulic pressure part the technical performance whether does meet the requirements. Overseas at present uses the great current capacity safety valve, the fluid much contr</p><p&

14、gt;　　3 hydraulic pressure supports prospects for development forecast</p><p>　　In view of the fact that the science and technology high speed development, new technical, the new craft, the new method, the ne

15、w material unceasing application and the computer technology unprecedented expansion, the hydraulic pressure support future development will have the extremely attractive prospect.</p><p>　　3.1 designs ideas

16、 renewal, the hydraulic pressure support develops a revolution</p><p>　　Must consider the environment in the hydraulic pressure support design the attribute. Because the hydraulic pressure support working co

17、ndition is bad, the person, machine the environment reciprocity question appears importantly. The green design is the choice of material, the product structure, the technique, the outward appearance modelling and the col

18、or matches according to the certain rule, adopts artistic the method to perform ingeniously to fuse, fully manifests the man-machine environment </p><p>　　3.2 will adopt the pure water hydraulic pressure tec

19、hnology, the hydraulic pressure support becomes the green machinery</p><p>　　The pure water hydraulic pressure technology is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti- burns

20、the nature, the radiation, moreover the price also cheaply, does not have the pollution, since the long-time hydraulic pressure support in Surface under has worked, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and h

21、as many chemical additives (emulsifier, guards against rust medicinal preparation, antiseptic, partner mixture and so on), the micro environmental pol</p><p>　　3.3 high tech applications, the hydraulic press

22、ure support tends to the intellectualization</p><p>　　The advanced science and technology application is mutually seeps each kind of technology, mutually unifies in the foundation mutually assists, mutually

23、promotes and the enhancement, fully uses each kind of related technical the superiority, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, after causes the combination the overall function to be bigger than the composition wh

24、ole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies.. The many kinds of technologies unceasingly seep to "</p><p>　　4 concluding remark</p><p>　　In summary, the hydraul

25、ic pressure support at present develops the main tendency is: Two columns shields type, enhances the hydraulic pressure support intensity, the design factor, moves a speed, the improvement individual part structure (over

26、all top-beam, width center distance and so on), hydraulic pressure pipe accessory seriation, standardization, universalization, high working resistance, redundant reliability, with micro electron technology realization m

27、achine electrohydraulic integration d</p><p>　　Hydraulic pressure support battery solution control engineering research and application</p><p>　　[Key words] Hydraulic pressure support;Battery s

28、olution control system;Design application</p><p>　　A coal mining technology significant innovation. At present,The battery solution control technology in synthesis and so on US, Germany picked the technical

29、leading country to obtain the widespread application,But our country then only then gradually the necessary use battery solution controls the technology in recent years on some hydraulic pressure supports</p><

30、p>　　1 battery solution control technology basic principle and main composition</p><p>　　1.1 Battery solution control technology basic principle</p><p>　　Bidirectional neighbour control system

31、. </p><p>　　The synthesis picks working surface each support has the frame to control the box,The operator controls the box choice neighbour control mode through the support frame,Then sends out the correspo

32、nding control command according to the instruction (to produce electrical signal),Causes electro-magnet or micro electrical machinery movement which on neighbour corresponds,Let the electrical signal transform as the hyd

33、raulic pressure signal,Controls the host to control the valve to open,Supplies the fl</p><p>　?。?）Bidirectional becomes the group control system. </p><p>　　Arranges the working surface support i

34、s certain groups,In on this group of in first frames presses the frame by the operator to control the box the start key,Sends out an instruction,Neighbour presses the pre-set sequence movement,After moves the frame to co

35、mplete automatically sends out the control signal to control the box for next,Next starts the movement. Infer from this,In realization group support automatic control.</p><p>　?。?）Entire working surface auto

36、matic control system. </p><p>　　The function consummates battery solution.The control system is equipped with the main control console, the infrared installment,Can realize the support and the coal mining ma

37、chine linkage entire working surface automation control. Its principle is:On each support frame controls the box with the main control console networking,When the support infrared receiving device receives the position w

38、hich the coal mining machine infrared launcher sends out to believe.After number,The feedback gives the m</p><p>　　1.2 Main constituent</p><p>　?。?）Battery solution controller (SCU).</p>

39、<p>　　The battery solution controller is a control system department.Series "heart",It by microprocessor, the intelligence transmission unit, operates the keyboard and the data receiving device and so on i

40、s composed. The battery solution controller has two aspects the functions:On the one hand is defers to the operational order and the pre-set sequence completes the solenoid valve group to open shuts,Then control support

41、column, hoisting jack movement;On the other hand it receives the condition data w</p><p>　　（2）Battery solution control valve group (FZ). </p><p>　　The control valve group is one kind of multipur

42、pose control hydraulic pressure solenoid valve,May replace the fluid cycle selector valve,This kind of valve assembly has causes the support movement the valve group and the surveillance support working condition pressur

43、e switch,Opens or the closed valve passage according to the controller instruction.</p><p>　?。?）Central control bench (MCU).</p><p>　　Whether the system does use MCU,Must the working surface aut

44、omated horizontal height which determined according to the user decide. Only installs the battery solution controller,Even does not need to install the ground master control room (MCU1) and the mine shaft control room (M

45、CU2),Also may realize the entire automation. The lowest level control system is a bidirectional neighbour unicontrol,What at present is commonly used is "as soon as controls four" the system,Then expands to the

46、 automatic</p><p>　　（4）Periphery accessory. </p><p>　　The battery solution control system has can survey Condition, And transforms the hydraulic pressure parameter into the electronic signal ori

47、ginal part pressure transmitter,The reflection passes the hoisting jack travelling schedule position contact sensor as well as uses for automatically to start the coal mining machine long-distance control hydraulic press

48、ure support battery solution controller the infrared receiver and so on. All sensors all have respective output signal,Thus may discover the</p><p>　　Has the central control bench,Has the breakdown cable lin

49、e or the sensor can demonstrate on the key station screen,Like this very easy definite breakdown position battery solution control flow like chart 1 shows</p><p>　　2 battery solutions control the support the

50、 merit</p><p>　　Below this support and the hand control system compare has the merit</p><p>　　The support travelling speed is quick. </p><p>　　At present the domestic hydraulic pres

51、sure support is common.Uses the hand control,It passes the speed besides to receive the system current capacity and the hydraulic pressure part has flowed the ability the limit,The worker also has the direct influence in

52、 the bay travelling speed to it,This kind of influence appears the outstandingly in the thin coal bed. The battery solution control support work process may automatically circulate carries on,Sped up moved a speed form e

53、ight to ten mintenuse,</p><p>　?。?）Improved the roof to support and protect the condition.</p><p>　　Because uses to press every time Niu operates,May enable the support to follow close on after

54、the coal mining machine carries on supports and protects,Moreover,Must act the support requests its two sides the support fastening to support and protect the roof,This characteristic and the correct strut unify,The guar

55、antee forms a firm protecting band along the working surface.</p><p>　?。?）Guaranteed the hydraulic pressure support fixed initially supports the strength.</p><p>　　Battery solution control syste

56、m.The passable excess pressure sensor feedback signal or lengthens the control electromagnetism the pilot valve on time realization at the beginning of support to support the strength self-preservation first. Guaranteed

57、fixed initially supports the strength,Reduced the column to increase anti- needs the time,Enhanced has supported and protected the efficiency,Also the entire working surface at the beginning of support supports the stren

58、gth evenly to be consistent,Im</p><p>　　（4）May have the pressure to move the frame.</p><p>　　Uses the battery solution control system,Is moving the frame.In process,Easy to realize the belt pres

59、sure to move the frame,Reduced the working surface roof to have the frequent impact load to the hydraulic pressure support,Protection roof adjacent formation stability,Lengthens the hydraulic pressure support the service

60、 life.</p><p>　?。?）Improved the working surface straight line. </p><p>　　With manual operation compared to,The overwhelming majority battery solution control support all is pusher type,This mean

61、t the conveyer pulls the phenomenon to be few,Causes all supports by the biggest displacement quantity to abut in a working surface conveyer armored cable side,Maintains a straight working surface. Moves a step of dista

62、nce to be accurate,Cuts the crest line to be neat,Improved has supported and protected the effect,And causes the scraper conveyer and the entire working surfac</p><p>　　（6）Improved the support operator's

63、 working condition. </p><p>　　Battery solution control technical application,Has realized the hydraulic pressure support remote control operation,But indirect maintenance,The worker work condition and the la

64、bor intensity have the enormous improvement,Because uses the computer automatic control,Reduced worker's misoperation.</p><p>　?。?）The operation flexibility is big. </p><p>　　Supports and pr

65、otects the system the support operation sequence is very easy to change,May act according to the different mining condition,Is suitable specially for the thin coal bed and inclines anxiously the coal bed,Also may use in

66、the drum coal mining machine working surface,Also may use in the coal plow working surface;Also may use in promptly supporting and protecting (moves first frame boosts slides) supports and protects the way,Also after may

67、 use in lags supports and protects (pushes fi</p><p>　?。?）The system can realize the long-distance procedure control. </p><p>　　The operator may the root.According to coal mining machine coal cu

68、tting choice of direction best position,Has avoided operator's casualty,At the same time also reduced the dust to the body the harm.</p><p>　?。?）The battery solution control system may and the coal minin

69、g machine and the scraper conveyer.Automatic control system coordination linkage,Realizes the entire automated synthesis to pick the working surface. The support and the coal mining machine running status and the data ma

70、y transmit to the tunnel in the main control console and the ground central control center,Is advantageous for the realization entire mine pit automated management.</p><p>　　3 domestic and foreign developmen

71、t surveys</p><p>　　At present US, Germany and so on walk in this technology in the world front row,Its hydraulic pressure support battery solution control technology disposition has the breakdown to diagnose

72、 the early-warning installation,May realize the hydraulic pressure support and the coal mining machine, the scraper machine linkage and the long-distance control. Our country develops the hydraulic pressure support batte

73、ry solution control system start to be late,Has developed successfully the first entire wor</p><p>　　The battery solution control hydraulic pressure support already or was going to put into the use. ZY4400

74、/9 /21 thin coal bed coal plow working surface battery solution control hydraulic pressure support and the ZY8640 /2,515 /55 manufacture domestically picks the high shield type hydraulic pressure support through to have

75、the product appraisal in pairs greatly which four Chinese Academy of Science academicians participates (appraisal),The appraisal thought these 2 kind of supports overall perfo</p><p>　　液壓支架的發(fā)展與前瞻</p>

76、<p>　　[關(guān)鍵詞] 　液壓支架; 　控制; 　智能化</p><p>　　1 液壓支架發(fā)展概述</p><p>　　液壓支架是以高壓液體為動(dòng)力,由若干個(gè)液壓元件(油缸、閥件)與一些金屬構(gòu)件組合而成的一種支撐和控制頂板的采煤工作面設(shè)備。具有強(qiáng)度高、移動(dòng)速度快、支護(hù)性能好、安全可靠等特性。自20世紀(jì)50年代以來,液壓支架已逐步成為采煤工作面核心設(shè)備,世界上主要產(chǎn)煤國家投入了大量的

77、人力物力和財(cái)力對其進(jìn)行研究開發(fā)。目前,以液壓支架為主體的支護(hù)趨于成熟,世界上已生產(chǎn)制造出數(shù)百種架型和上萬種型號(hào)的液壓支架,以適應(yīng)各類煤層開采支護(hù)需要。上世紀(jì)60年代,我國也曾開發(fā)了10余種液壓支架,由于種種原因未得到推廣應(yīng)用,液壓支架處于研制、實(shí)驗(yàn)階段;70年代先后從英國、德國、波蘭、前蘇聯(lián)等主要產(chǎn)煤國家引進(jìn)數(shù)10余套液壓支架。經(jīng)不斷的探索、使用、消化和總結(jié),制造出各種類型的支架,它是國產(chǎn)液壓支架發(fā)展的起點(diǎn); 80年代液壓支架研發(fā)處于創(chuàng)

78、新提高階段,相繼開發(fā)出30余種新架型,制造出ZZ系列、XY系列、ZD系列等不同規(guī)格,并廣泛用于國有大中型煤礦,取得良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益; 90年代特種液壓支架的研制獲得迅速發(fā)展,機(jī)械化鋪網(wǎng)支架、水砂充填支架、端頭支架、強(qiáng)力支架、放頂煤支架等相繼問世;本世紀(jì)隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的普及與應(yīng)用,液壓支架</p><p>　　2 國內(nèi)外液壓支架差異</p><p>　　國產(chǎn)支架在制造技術(shù)、材質(zhì)性能

79、、加工工藝、控制系統(tǒng)及密封性能上與國外先進(jìn)國家相比有很大差距。</p><p>　　2.1 加工制造方面</p><p>　　據(jù)有關(guān)綜采工程技術(shù)人員反映,國產(chǎn)液壓支架的工藝技術(shù)、服務(wù)年限、使用性能、所用材質(zhì)到目前為止尚未達(dá)到。1979年引進(jìn)100套支架的技術(shù)水平。如結(jié)構(gòu)材料:德國采用ST52材料其屈服極限為500 MPa,而我國使用16 Mn材料屈服極限僅為350 MPa;閥類:國外一直使

80、用銅合金閥殼和高強(qiáng)度不銹鋼閥芯,我國則是45#鋼加表面熱處理;在加工工藝上:國外油缸內(nèi)壁是復(fù)鍍,國產(chǎn)則為不鍍,導(dǎo)致立柱在使用過程中過早出現(xiàn)斑點(diǎn),劃傷等密封漏液現(xiàn)象,影響支護(hù)效果。國產(chǎn)液壓支架與國外生產(chǎn)的液壓支架相比平均縮短2～3服務(wù)年限。</p><p>　　2.2 控制系統(tǒng)方面</p><p>　　國產(chǎn)液壓支架控制系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)處于落后狀態(tài),嚴(yán)重制約了支架的移設(shè)速度的提高和綜采經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的發(fā)揮

81、。世界上幾個(gè)主要產(chǎn)煤大國始終把支架控制系統(tǒng)作為提高綜采經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的重要手段, 20世紀(jì)60年代采用手動(dòng)直控操作系統(tǒng);70年代采用先導(dǎo)控制系統(tǒng),隨之英國首先提出研制電液控制系統(tǒng), 80年代趨于成熟; 90年代道梯公司研制出全工作面電液控制系統(tǒng),緊隨其后威斯特伐利亞- 貝瑞特公司研制出更為先進(jìn)的P- M3、P-M4電液控制系統(tǒng)?，F(xiàn)美國、德國、英國、澳大利亞等國家基本上全是可編程電液控制,而我國仍多采用手動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)。</p>&l

82、t;p>　　2.3 液壓元件方面</p><p>　　液壓元件的研發(fā)速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)滯后于液壓支架發(fā)展的需要。液壓支架的可靠性主要依賴于液壓元件的可靠性,液壓支架在煤礦生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用是否成功,關(guān)鍵在于液壓元件的技術(shù)性能是否達(dá)到要求。國外目前多采用大流量安全閥、液控單向閥、截止閥、初撐力保持閥及立柱快速回液閥。對液壓元件的結(jié)構(gòu)形式、幾何尺寸、材料選擇、熱處理方法和表面處理等各方面進(jìn)行了深入的研究與開發(fā)。研制出一批密封性能

83、好、靈敏度高、進(jìn)排液能力大、抗沖擊載荷強(qiáng)的各類液壓元件,以適應(yīng)液壓支架工作性能的要求。而我國對此類液壓元件研發(fā)較為滯后,目前仍沿用上個(gè)世紀(jì)80年代的產(chǎn)品,沒有形成液壓元件通用化、系列化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。</p><p>　　3 液壓支架發(fā)展前景展望</p><p>　　鑒于科學(xué)技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展,新技術(shù)、新工藝、新方法、新材料的不斷應(yīng)用及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的空前擴(kuò)展,液壓支架的未來發(fā)展具有十分誘人的前景。&l

84、t;/p><p>　　3.1 設(shè)計(jì)理念的更新,液壓支架發(fā)展的一場革命</p><p>　　在液壓支架設(shè)計(jì)中必須考慮環(huán)境的屬性。由于液壓支架的工作條件惡劣,人、機(jī)環(huán)境的相互關(guān)系問題顯得更加重要。綠色設(shè)計(jì)是將材料選擇、產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、工藝方法、外觀造型和色彩搭配按照一定規(guī)律,采取藝術(shù)的方法加以巧妙融合,充分體現(xiàn)人機(jī)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的和諧統(tǒng)一。笨重的液壓支架形象將被安全、可靠、易維修、低耗能、高效率、造型美觀所取

85、代。</p><p>　　這種綠色設(shè)計(jì),它不僅可慮環(huán)境和資源既要滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要,又要滿足人類生存發(fā)展需要,是人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略在支架設(shè)計(jì)中的體現(xiàn)。如:液壓支架在設(shè)計(jì)過程中采用多目標(biāo)模糊化設(shè)計(jì),要求支撐力大,移架速度快,重量輕,用材少等,每個(gè)目標(biāo)確定一個(gè)函數(shù),即得多個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)函數(shù),然后組合優(yōu)化,確定最佳方案。</p><p>　　3.2 采取純水液壓技術(shù),液壓支架將成為綠色機(jī)械</p

86、><p>　　純水液壓技術(shù)是液壓領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展前沿。它不僅有良好的抗燃性、散熱性、而且價(jià)格也便宜,無污染,長久以來液壓支架在地表層下工作,由于使用工作介質(zhì)是乳化液,并有許多添加劑(乳化劑、防銹劑、防霉劑、偶合劑等) ,對地表以下微環(huán)境污染十分嚴(yán)重,所以,液壓支架使用純水液壓技術(shù),對降低煤礦的生產(chǎn)成本,保護(hù)環(huán)境是有益的,并可大大改善礦井的工作和安全條件。隨著社會(huì)不斷進(jìn)步,人們對依賴生存的環(huán)境有了更高的要求,希望有一個(gè)安全、

87、環(huán)保、高度文明的綠色環(huán)境。時(shí)代的要求呼喚著水壓傳動(dòng)(起源于1605年發(fā)現(xiàn)帕斯卡定律)這一古老又嶄新的技術(shù)復(fù)出,并受到世界的關(guān)注。目前,西方國家集中力量研究該項(xiàng)技術(shù),并取得突破性進(jìn)展。如:潤滑磨損問題,合理選用摩擦副材料,有工程塑料、結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷、高分子材料、防銹防腐鍍層等。結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷具有耐磨性,抗氣蝕性能好,良好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性,較低的磨擦系數(shù)等特征,備受青睞。在液壓元件中用結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷代替部分金屬材料,大大的改善了其性能?？傊?新材料的成功研制與應(yīng)

88、用,精密加工技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,以及各種新結(jié)構(gòu)液壓元件的制成,都將成為液壓支架采用純水液壓技術(shù)進(jìn)入嚴(yán)格的無污染領(lǐng)域,提供十分誘人的應(yīng)用發(fā)展前景。</p><p>　　3.3 高科技的應(yīng)用,液壓支架趨于智能化</p><p>　　先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)應(yīng)用是將各種技術(shù)相互滲透,相互結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)上相互輔助,相互促進(jìn)和提高,充分利用各種相關(guān)技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢,揚(yáng)長避短,使組合后的整體功能大于組成整體的各個(gè)部分功能之和

89、的綜合性交叉學(xué)科。多種技術(shù)向“機(jī)械母體- 液壓支架”不斷滲透,包括機(jī)、電、液、光、磁等技術(shù)的伺服系統(tǒng)。具體說,是以液壓支架輸出的力、速度為目的,構(gòu)成了從輸出到輸入的閉環(huán)系統(tǒng),是涉及傳感技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)控制技術(shù)、信號(hào)處理技術(shù)、機(jī)械傳動(dòng)技術(shù)、液壓傳動(dòng)技術(shù)等。由于快速運(yùn)算速度,強(qiáng)大的記憶功能和靈敏的邏輯判斷功能,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了人機(jī)對話,使之操作維護(hù)方便,整機(jī)功能強(qiáng)。液壓支架應(yīng)用功能不斷擴(kuò)大,對礦井煤層地質(zhì)條件適應(yīng)性不斷增強(qiáng),生產(chǎn)效益對設(shè)備的依賴性程度

90、愈來愈大,工作可靠性更加重要。故障診斷技術(shù)(包括信號(hào)檢測,故障判斷,故障檢測,故障分析等內(nèi)容)將隨著高科技的發(fā)展理論(如小波技術(shù)、神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),人工智能等)進(jìn)入液壓支架的早期診斷,預(yù)防和減少事故的發(fā)生、維修的盲目性和維修時(shí)間,延長支架服務(wù)年限,提高生產(chǎn)效率。</p><p><b>　　4　結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　綜上所述,液壓支架目前發(fā)展主要趨勢是:二柱掩護(hù)

91、式架型,提高液壓支架強(qiáng)度、設(shè)計(jì)系數(shù)、移架速度,改進(jìn)個(gè)別部件的結(jié)構(gòu)(整體頂梁、寬中心距等) ,液壓閥件系列化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化,高工作阻力,高可靠性,用微電子技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電液一體化的數(shù)字采集、工況監(jiān)測、故障診斷和自動(dòng)控制。</p><p>　　液壓支架電液控制技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用</p><p>　　[關(guān)鍵詞] 液壓支架 電液控制系統(tǒng) 設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用 </p><p>　

92、　隨著采煤技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,液壓支架的控制系統(tǒng)和支架制造材料都得到了很大的改進(jìn),其中控制系統(tǒng)由原來的手動(dòng)操作逐漸改進(jìn)為電液自動(dòng)控制,大大加快了工作面的移架速度。另外,高強(qiáng)度鋼板的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用也進(jìn)一步減少了支架單位工作阻力所具有的質(zhì)量,支護(hù)性能也有很大的提高,從而使工作面產(chǎn)量成倍增加,實(shí)現(xiàn)了回采工作面的自動(dòng)化,成為煤炭開采技術(shù)的一次重大革新。目前,電液控制技術(shù)在美國、德國等綜采技術(shù)領(lǐng)先的國家得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,而我國則是近幾年才逐步在一些液壓支

93、架上配套使用電液控制技術(shù)。</p><p>　　1 電液控制技術(shù)基本原理及主要組成</p><p>　　1.1 電液控制技術(shù)的基本原理</p><p><b>　　雙向鄰架控制系統(tǒng)。</b></p><p>　　綜采工作面每一支架均配有架控箱,操作者通過支架架控箱選擇鄰架控制方式,然后根據(jù)指令發(fā)出相應(yīng)控制命令(給出電信號(hào)

94、) ,使鄰架上對應(yīng)的電磁鐵或微電機(jī)動(dòng)作,讓電信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓信號(hào),控制主控閥開啟,向支架液壓缸供液,實(shí)現(xiàn)鄰架支架相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作。支架工作狀態(tài)由位移傳感器和壓力傳感器反饋回架控箱,架控箱再根據(jù)傳感器反饋信號(hào)決定支架的下一個(gè)動(dòng)作。</p><p>　?。?） 雙向成組控制系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　將工作面的支架編為若干組,在本組內(nèi)首架上由操作人員按動(dòng)架控箱的啟動(dòng)鍵,發(fā)出一個(gè)指令,鄰架就按預(yù)定程序動(dòng)

95、作,移架完成后自動(dòng)發(fā)出控制信號(hào)給下一架控箱,下一架開始動(dòng)作。依此類推,實(shí)現(xiàn)組內(nèi)支架的自動(dòng)控制。</p><p>　?。?） 全工作面自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　功能完善的電液控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)有主控制臺(tái)、紅外線裝置,能實(shí)現(xiàn)支架與采煤機(jī)聯(lián)動(dòng)的全工作面自動(dòng)化控制。其原理為:每一支架上的架控箱均與主控制臺(tái)聯(lián)網(wǎng),當(dāng)支架紅外線接收裝置收到采煤機(jī)紅外線發(fā)射器發(fā)出的位置信號(hào)后,反饋給主控制臺(tái),主控制臺(tái)根

96、據(jù)反饋信號(hào)發(fā)出指令,使相應(yīng)的支架動(dòng)作。</p><p>　　1.2 主要組成部分</p><p>　　(1) 電液控制器( SCU) </p><p>　　電液控制器是控制系統(tǒng)的“心臟”,它由微處理機(jī)、信息傳輸單元、操作鍵盤和數(shù)據(jù)接收裝置等組成。電液控制器有兩方面的功能:一方面是按照操作指令和預(yù)定程序完成電磁閥組的啟閉,進(jìn)而控制支架立柱、千斤頂?shù)膭?dòng)作;另一方面它又接

97、收支架上測得的狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)(包括壓力、位移等)并加以分析判斷,進(jìn)而控制支架的動(dòng)作,并顯示出支架狀態(tài)參數(shù)和支架故障。</p><p>　　(2) 電液控制閥組( FZ) </p><p>　　控制閥組是一種多用途的控制液壓的電磁閥,可代替液體循環(huán)選擇閥,這種閥組裝有使支架動(dòng)作的閥組和監(jiān)視支架工作條件的壓力開關(guān),根據(jù)控制器指令開啟或閉合閥門通道。</p><p>　　(3)

98、 中心控制臺(tái)(MCU) </p><p>　　系統(tǒng)是否采用MCU,要根據(jù)用戶確定的工作面的自動(dòng)化水平高低來決定。只安裝電液控制器,甚至不需要安裝地面中央控制室(MCU1)和井下控制室(MCU2) ,也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)全自動(dòng)化。最低水平的控制系統(tǒng)是雙向鄰架單一控制,目前較常用的是“一控四”系統(tǒng),然后擴(kuò)展到自動(dòng)排序、成組控制、成組推移及組合功能等,這些都不需要中心控制臺(tái)。</p><p><b&

99、gt;　　(4)外圍輔助部件</b></p><p>　　電液控制系統(tǒng)有能測量支架的狀態(tài), 并將液壓參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為電子信號(hào)的原件—壓力傳感器,反映推移千斤頂行程位置的接觸傳感器以及用來自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)采煤機(jī)遠(yuǎn)程控制液壓支架電液控制器的紅外接收器等。所有的傳感器都有各自的輸出信號(hào),從而可以找出線路中斷的位置,并被每一臺(tái)支架的電液控制器所鑒別。如果系統(tǒng)在井下工作面或地面控制室配有中心控制臺(tái),發(fā)生故障的電纜線路或傳感器