外文翻譯--盤式制動器

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　Disc Brakes</p><p>　　Disc brakes are used on the front wheels of most cars and on all four wheels on many cars. A disc rotor is attached to the wheel h

2、ub and rotates with the tire and wheel. When the driver applies the brakes, hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder is used to push friction linings against the rotor to stop it.</p><p>　　In the disc bra

3、ke rotor assembly, the rotor is usually made of cast iron. The hub may be manufactured as one piece with the rotor or in two parts. The rotor has a machined braking surface on each face. A splash shield, mounted to the s

4、teering knuckle, protects the rotor from road splash.</p><p>　　A rotor may be solid or ventilated. Ventilated designs have cooling fins cast between the braking surfaces. This construction considerably incre

5、ases the cooling area of the rotor casting. Also, when the wheel is in motion, the rotation of these fan-type fins in the rotor provides increased air circulation and more efficient cooling of the brake. Disc brakes do n

6、ot fade even after rapid, hard brake applications because of the rapid cooling of the rotor.</p><p>　　The hydraulic and friction components are housed in a caliper assembly. The caliper assembly straddles th

7、e outside diameter of the hub and rotor assembly. When the brakes are applied, the pressure of the pistons is exerted through the shoes in a ‘clamping’ action on the rotor. Because equal opposed hydraulic pressures are a

8、pplied to both faces of the rotor throughout application, no distortion of the rotor occurs, regardless of the severity or duration of application. There are many variations o</p><p>　　Most late-model cars u

9、se the moving caliper design. This design uses a single hydraulic piston and a caliper that can float or slide during application. Floating designs ‘float’ or move on pins or bolts. In sliding designs, the caliper sidewa

10、ys on machined surfaces. Both designs work in basically the same way.</p><p>　　In the single piston floating caliper, the single-piston caliper assembly is constructed from a single casting that contains one

11、 large piston bore in the inboard section of the casting. Inboard refers to the side of the casting nearest the center line of the car when the caliper is mounted. A fluid inlet hole and bleeder valve hole are machined i

12、nto the inboard section of the caliper and connect directly to the piston bore.</p><p>　　The caliper cylinder bore contains a piston and seal. The seal has a rectangular cross section. It is located in a gro

13、ove that is machined in the cylinder bore. The seal fits around the outside diameter of the piston and provides a hydraulic seal between the piston and the cylinder wall. The rectangular seal provides automatic adjustmen

14、t of clearance between the rotor and shoe and linings following each application. When the brakes are applied, the caliper seal is deflected by the hydraulic pres</p><p>　　The top of the piston bore is machi

15、ned to accept a sealing dust boot. The piston in many calipers is steel, precision ground, and nickel chrome plated, giving it a very hard and durable surface. Some manufacturers are using a plastic piston. This is much

16、lighter than steel and provides for a much lighter brake system. The plastic piston insulates well and prevents heat from transferring to the brake fluid. Each caliper contains two shoe and lining assemblies. They are co

17、nstructed of a stamped me</p><p>　　As already mentioned, the caliper is free to float on its two mounting pins or bolts. Teflon sleeves in the caliper allow it to move easily on the pins. During application

18、of the brakes, the fluid pressure behind the piston increases. Pressure is exerted equally against the bottom of the piston and the bottom of the cylinder bore. The pressure applied to the piston is transmitted to the in

19、board shoe and lining, forcing the lining against the inboard rotor surface. The pressure applied to the bot</p><p>　　The application and release of the brake pressure actually causes a very slight movement

20、of the piston and caliper. Upon release of the braking effort, the piston and caliper merely relax into a released position. In the released position, the shoes do not retract very far from the rotor surfaces.</p>

21、<p><b>　　附錄B</b></p><p>　　外文翻譯： 盤式制動器</p><p>　　許多汽車所有四個車輪，盤式制動器是用在大多數(shù)轎車的前輪上。制動盤安裝在輪轂上隨著輪胎和車輪轉動。當汽車制動時，液壓主缸推動摩擦片使其停止轉動。 在盤式制動器的轉動部件中，制動盤通常是使用鑄鐵制造。輪轂和制動盤可制造為一

22、體或兩部分。制動盤的每個面都要加工為制動表面。一塊防護板，安裝在轉向節(jié)上，保護制動盤不被飛濺物污染。 制動盤可以是實心或有通風孔。擁有通風孔的制動盤表面之間設有散熱片。這種結構大大提高了制動盤的散熱面積。此外，當車輪在運動時，這些風扇型散熱片在制動盤旋轉時增大空氣流通并提供更有效的制動冷卻。盤式制動器不會受熱變形，即使快速、強制制動，原因就是制動盤的快速冷卻。 液壓和摩擦部件都安裝在制動鉗總成中。制動鉗跨越輪轂和制動盤外