工業(yè)機械手的設(shè)計外文翻譯

1、<p>　　The Design of Hand Column Type Power Machine</p><p><b>　　工業(yè)機械手的設(shè)計</b></p><p>　　Serope kalpak jian,Steven R.Schmid</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p&g

2、t;<p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　Machine hand developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. </p><p>　　機械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來的一種高科技自動化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。</p><p>　　Ind

3、ustrial machine hand is an important branch of industrial machine hands. It features can be </p><p>　　工業(yè)機械手是工業(yè)機器人的一個重要分支。它的特點是可通過變成來</p><p>　　programmed tasks in a variety of expectations, in bo

4、th structure and performance advantages of </p><p>　　完成各種預(yù)期的作業(yè)任務(wù)，在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機器</p><p>　　their own people and machines, in particular, reflects the people’s intelligence and adaptability. </p&

5、gt;<p>　　各自的優(yōu)點，尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應(yīng)性。</p><p>　　The accuracy of machine hand operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete </p><p>　　機械手作業(yè)的準(zhǔn)確性和在各種壞境中完成作業(yè)的能力，</p><p>

6、;　　the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development. With the </p><p>　　在國民經(jīng)濟各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā)簪前景。</p><p>　　development of industrial automation, there has been CN

7、C marching center, it is in reducing labor </p><p>　　隨著工業(yè)自動化的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心，他在減輕工</p><p>　　intensity, while greatly improves labor productivity. However, the upper and lower common in </p>

8、<p>　　人勞動強度的同時，大大提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率，但數(shù)控加工中</p><p>　　CNC marching processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled </p><p>　　常見的上下料工序，通常仍采用人工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半semi-automatic devi

9、ce. The former time-consuming and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due </p><p>　　自動化裝置。前者費時費工，效率低， 后者因設(shè)計復(fù)雜，</p><p>　　to design complexity, require more relays, writing complexity, vul

10、nerability to body vibration </p><p>　　需要較多繼電器，接線復(fù)雜，易受車體震動干擾，</p><p>　　interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other </p><p>　　而存在

11、可靠性差，故障多，維修困難等問題。</p><p>　　issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled machine hand control system for material </p><p>　　可編程程序控制器PLC控制的上下料機械手控制系統(tǒng)動作簡便、</p><p>　　up and down

12、 movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, while a strong anti-jamming </p><p>　　線路設(shè)計合理、具有較強的抗干擾能力，</p><p>　　capability, ensuring the system’s reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and

13、improve work </p><p>　　保證了系統(tǒng)運行的可靠性，降低了維修率，提高了工作效率</p><p>　　efficiency. Machine hand technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic </p><p>　　機械手技術(shù)涉及到力學(xué)、機械學(xué)、電氣液壓技術(shù)、

14、</p><p>　　technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and other </p><p>　　自動控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)等學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，</p><p>　　fields of science, is a cross-dis

15、ciplinary technology.</p><p>　　是一門跨學(xué)科綜合技術(shù)</p><p>　　An overview of industrial manipulator</p><p><b>　　1工業(yè)機械手的概述</b></p><p>　　Machine hand is a kind of positi

16、oning control which can be automated and can be </p><p>　　機械手是一種能自動化定位控制并可</p><p>　　re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can </p><

17、;p>　　重新編程序以變動的多功能機器，它有多個自由度，</p><p>　　be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in </p><p>　　可用來搬運物體以完成在各個不同環(huán)境中工作。在工資水平較低</p><p&

18、gt;　　China, plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become </p><p>　　的中國，塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動力密集型，機械手的使用已經(jīng)</p><p>　　increasingly popular. Electronics and au

19、tomotive industries that Europe and the Unites States </p><p>　　越來越普及。那些電子和汽車業(yè)的歐美跨國公司很早就在它們設(shè)在中</p><p>　　multinational companies very early in their factories in China, the introduction of automa

20、ted </p><p>　　國的工廠中引進了自動化生產(chǎn)。</p><p>　　production. But now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China, East China’s </p><p>　　但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些分布在工業(yè)密集的華南/華東沿海地區(qū)的</p&g

21、t;<p>　　coastal areas, local</p><p>　　plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly </p><p>　　中國本土塑料加工廠也開始對機械手表現(xiàn)出越來越濃厚的興趣,</p><

22、p>　　interested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers </p><p>　　因為他們要面對工人流失率高,</p><p>　　to pay work-related injuries fee challenges.</p&g

23、t;<p>　　工人交工傷費帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。</p><p>　　With the rapid development of China’s industrial production, especially the reform and </p><p>　　隨著我國工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的飛躍發(fā)展，特別是改革</p><p>　　opening up after t

24、he rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the work piece </p><p>　　開放以后，自動化程度的迅速提高，實現(xiàn)工件的裝卸、</p><p>　　handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches

25、and other tools for </p><p>　　轉(zhuǎn)向、輸送或操作釬焊、噴槍、扳手等工具進行加工、</p><p>　　processing and assembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention.</p><p>　　裝配等作業(yè)自動化，已越來越引起我們

26、的重視。</p><p>　　Machine hand is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given program, track </p><p>　　機械手是模仿著人手的部分動作，按給定的程序、</p><p>　　and requirements for automatic

27、capture, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical </p><p>　　軌跡和要求實現(xiàn)自動抓取、搬運或操作的自動機械裝置。</p><p><b>　　devices.</b></p><p>　　In real life, you will find this a probl

28、em. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading </p><p>　　在現(xiàn)實生活中，你是否會發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個問題：在機械工廠里，</p><p>　　time is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, an

29、d </p><p>　　加工零件裝料的時候是不是很麻煩的，勞動生產(chǎn)率不高，生產(chǎn)成本</p><p>　　sometimes man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injures. Think about what </p><p>　　大，有時候還會發(fā)生一些人為事故，導(dǎo)致加工者受傷。

30、想想看</p><p>　　could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can </p><p>　　用什么可以代替呢，加工的時候只要有幾個人巡視一下，</p><p>　　operate 24 hours saturated h

31、uman right? The answer is yes, but the machine hand can come to </p><p>　　且可以24小時飽和運作，人行嗎? 回答是肯定的，但是機械式可以</p><p>　　replace it.</p><p><b>　　來代替它。</b></p><p>

32、　　Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor </p><p>　　生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用機械手可以提高生產(chǎn)的自動化水平和勞動生產(chǎn)率；</p><p>　　productivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring produc

33、t quality, to achieve safe production; </p><p>　　可以減輕勞動強度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、實現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn)；</p><p>　　particularly in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, </p>

34、<p>　　尤其是在高溫、高壓、低溫、低壓、粉塵、易爆、</p><p>　　toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. </p><p>　　有毒氣體和放射性等惡劣的環(huán)境中能夠代替人進行正常工作。</p><p>

35、　　Here I would like to think of designing a machine hand to be used in actual production.</p><p>　　想到這我就很想設(shè)計一個機械手用于生產(chǎn)實際當(dāng)中。</p><p>　　Why would a machine hand designed to provide a pneumatic power

36、: pneumatic machine </p><p>　　為什么選擇設(shè)計機械手用氣動來提供動力：氣動機械手</p><p>　　hand refers to the compressed air as power source-driven machine hand. With pressure-driven and </p><p>　　是指以壓縮空氣為動力源

37、驅(qū)動的機械手。用氣壓驅(qū)動</p><p>　　other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: </p><p>　　與其他能源驅(qū)動比較有以下有點：</p><p>　　1. Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmospher

38、e, does not require recycling and </p><p>　　1.空氣取之不竭，用之果后排入大氣，不育要回收和處理，</p><p>　　disposal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of environmental protection) </p><p>　　不污染環(huán)境。（環(huán)保的

39、概念）</p><p>　　2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gas path </p><p>　　2.空氣的沾性很小，管路中壓力損失也?。ㄒ话銡饴纷枇p失不</p><p>　　pressure drop of one-t

40、housandth), to facilitate long-distance transport. </p><p>　　到油路的千分之一），便于遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。</p><p>　　3. Compressed air of the working pressure is low (usually 4 to 8 kg/per square centimeter), </p>&

41、lt;p>　　3.壓縮空氣的工作壓力較低（一般為4-8公斤/每平方厘米），</p><p>　　and therefore moving the material components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be </p><p>　　因此對動元件的材質(zhì)和制造精度要求可以</p><p><

42、;b>　　lowered. </b></p><p><b>　　降低。</b></p><p>　　4. With the hydraulic transmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of </p><p>　　4.與液壓傳

43、動相比，它的動作和反應(yīng)都快，</p><p>　　the advantages pneumatic outstanding. </p><p>　　這是氣動突出的優(yōu)點之一。</p><p>　　5. The air cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. </p

44、><p>　　5.空氣介質(zhì)清潔，亦不會變質(zhì)，管路不易堵塞。</p><p>　　But there are also places where it flies in the ointment: </p><p>　　但是也有它美中不足的地方：</p><p>　　1. As the compressibility of air, resulti

45、ng in poor aerodynamic stability of the work, resulting </p><p>　　1.由于空氣的可壓縮性，只是氣動工作的穩(wěn)定性差，因而造成</p><p>　　in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily controlled. &

46、lt;/p><p>　　執(zhí)行機構(gòu)運動速度和定位精度不易控制。</p><p>　　2. As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power cannot be too large; in order to </p><p>　　2.由于使用氣壓較低，輸出力不可能太大，為了</p><p&g

47、t;　　increase the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size increased. </p><p>　　增加輸出力，必然使整個氣動系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸加大。</p><p>　　The composition, mechanical hand</p><

48、p><b>　　2機械手的組成</b></p><p>　　Machine hand in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more </p><p>　　機械手的形式是多種多樣的，有的較為簡單,有的較為</p><p>　　complicated,

49、 but the basic form is the same as the composition of the, usually by the implementing </p><p>　　復(fù)雜，但基本的組成形式是相同的，一般由執(zhí)行機構(gòu)、</p><p>　　agencies, transmission systems, control systems and auxiliary d

50、evices composed.</p><p>　　傳動系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)和輔助裝置組成。</p><p>　　Implementing agencies</p><p><b>　　1.執(zhí)行機構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　Manipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists

51、, arm, pillars. Hands are crawling </p><p>　　機械手的執(zhí)行機構(gòu)，由手、手腕、手臂、支柱組成。</p><p>　　institutions, is used to clamp and release the work piece, and similar to human fingers, to complete </p><

52、;p>　　手是抓取機構(gòu)，用來加緊和松開工件，與人的手指相仿，能夠完成</p><p>　　the staffing of similar actions. Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up </p><p>　　人手的類似動作。手腕是連接手指與手臂的元件，可以進行</p>

53、<p>　　and down, left, and rotary movement. A simple mechanical hand cannot wrist. Pillars used to </p><p>　　上下、左右和回轉(zhuǎn)動作。簡單的機械手可以沒有手腕。支柱用來支撐</p><p>　　support the arm can also be made mobile a

54、s needed.</p><p>　　手臂，也可以根據(jù)與要做成移動。</p><p>　　Transmission</p><p><b>　　2.傳動系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　The actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-transmi

55、ssion system commonly </p><p>　　執(zhí)行機構(gòu)的動作要由傳動系統(tǒng)來實現(xiàn)。常用</p><p>　　used manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic and electric power </p><p>　　機械手傳動系統(tǒng)分為機械傳動、液

56、壓傳動、</p><p>　　transmission and other drive several forms.</p><p>　　氣壓傳動和電力傳動等幾種形式。</p><p>　　Control System</p><p><b>　　3.控制系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　Mani

57、pulator control system’s main role is to control the machine hand according to certain </p><p>　　機械手控制系統(tǒng)的主要作用是控制機械手按一定的</p><p>　　procedures, direction, position, speed of action, a simple mechan

58、ical hand is generally not set up a </p><p>　　程序、方向、位置、速度進行動作，簡單的機械手一般不設(shè)置專用</p><p>　　dedicated control system, using only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be </p>&l

59、t;p>　　的控制系統(tǒng)，只采用行程開關(guān)、繼電器、控制閥及電路</p><p>　　achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the </p><p>　　便可以實現(xiàn)傳動系統(tǒng)的控制，使執(zhí)行機構(gòu)</p><p>　　requirements o

60、f action. Action will have to use complex programmable machine hand controller, </p><p>　　按要求進行動作。動作復(fù)雜的機械手則要求采用可編程控制器、</p><p>　　the micro-computer control..</p><p>　　微型計算機進行控制。</

61、p><p>　　3. Mechanical hand classification and characteristics</p><p>　　3機械手的分類和特點</p><p>　　Machine hands are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery

62、 </p><p>　　機械手一般分為三類：第一類是不需要人工操作的</p><p>　　does not require manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It </p><p>　　通用機械手。它是一種獨立的不附屬于某一主機的裝置。<

63、;/p><p>　　can be programmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. </p><p>　　它可以根據(jù)任務(wù)的需要編制程序，以完成各項規(guī)定的操作。</p><p>　　It is characterized with ordin

64、ary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, </p><p>　　它的特點是具備普通機械的性能之外，還具備通用機械、記憶智能</p><p>　　intelligence ternary machinery. The second category is the need to manually do it

65、, called the </p><p>　　的三元機械。第二類是需要人工才做的，</p><p>　　operation of aircraft. It originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of </p><p>　　成為操作機。它起源于原子、軍事工業(yè)，先是

66、通過操作機</p><p>　　machines to complete a particular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry </p><p>　　來完成特定的作業(yè)，后來發(fā)展到用無線電訊號操作機</p><p>　　out detecting machines s

67、uch as the Moon. Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this </p><p>　　來進行探測月球等。工業(yè)中采用的鍛造操作機也屬于這一</p><p>　　category. The third category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the

68、 automatic </p><p>　　范疇。第三類是專用機械手，主要附屬于自動機床</p><p>　　or automatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the work piece material and delivery. This </p><p>　　或自動線上，用以解決機床上下料和工件傳送，&

69、lt;/p><p>　　mechanical hand in foreign countries known as the “Mechanical Hand”, which is the host of </p><p>　　這類機械手在國外稱為“Mechanical Hand” 它是為主機服務(wù)的，</p><p>　　services, from the host-d

70、riven; exception of a few outside the working procedures are generally </p><p>　　由主機驅(qū)動；除少數(shù)外，工作程序一般是固定的，</p><p>　　fixed, and therefore special.</p><p><b>　　因此是專用的。</b><

71、;/p><p>　　Main features</p><p><b>　　主要特點：</b></p><p>　　First, mechanical hand (the upper and lower material machine hand, assembly machine hand, </p><p>　?。?）機

72、械手（上下料機械手、裝配機械手、</p><p>　　handling machine hand, stacking machine hand, help machine hand, vacuum handling machines, </p><p>　　搬運機械手、堆垛機械手、助力機械手、真空搬運機、</p><p>　　vacuum suction crane

73、, labor-saving spreader, pneumatic balancer,etc.)</p><p>　　真空吸吊機、省力吊具、氣動平衡器等）。</p><p>　　Second, cantilever cranes (cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, etc.)<

74、;/p><p>　?。?）懸臂起重機（懸臂吊、電動環(huán)鏈葫蘆吊、氣動平衡吊等）。</p><p>　　Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam crane)</p><p>　　(3）導(dǎo)軌式搬運系統(tǒng)（懸掛軌道、輕型軌道、單梁起

75、重機、雙梁起重機）。 </p><p>　　Four, industrial machinery, application of hand</p><p>　?。?）工業(yè)機械手的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　Manipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process dev

76、eloped a new </p><p>　　機械手是在機械化、自動化生產(chǎn)過程中發(fā)展起來的一種新型裝置。</p><p>　　type of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of </p><p>　　近年來，隨著電子技術(shù)特別是

77、電子計算機的廣泛應(yīng)用，</p><p>　　machine hand development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a </p><p>　　機器人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來的</p><p>　　new technology, which

78、further promoted the development of machine hand, allowing machine </p><p>　　一門新興技術(shù)，它更加促進了機械手的發(fā)展，使得機械手</p><p>　　hand to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation.</

79、p><p>　　能更好地實現(xiàn)與機械化自動化的有機結(jié)合。</p><p>　　Although the machine hand is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication </p><p>　　機械手雖然目前還不如人手那樣靈活，但它具有能不斷</p><p

80、>　　of work and labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight </p><p>　　重復(fù)工作和勞動、不知疲勞、不怕危險、抓舉重物的力量</p><p>　　characteristics when compared with manual large, theref

81、ore, mechanical hand has been applied </p><p>　　比人手大等特點，因此，機械手已受到許多部門的重視，并越來越</p><p>　　widely, for example:</p><p>　　廣泛地得到了應(yīng)用，例如：

82、 </p><p>　　Machining the work piece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, </p><p>　　機床加工工件的裝卸，特別是在自動化車床，</p><p>　　combination machine tool use is more common

83、.</p><p>　　組合機床上使用較為普遍。</p><p>　　In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it can be used to </p><p>　　在裝配作業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛，在電子行業(yè)中它可以用來裝配</p><p>　　a

84、ssemble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry. It can be used to assemble parts </p><p>　　印制電路板，在機械行業(yè)中,它可以用來組裝零部件。</p><p>　　and components.</p><p>　　The working conditio

85、ns may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working </p><p>　　可在勞動條件差，單調(diào)重復(fù)易疲勞的工作環(huán)境工作，</p><p>　　environment to replace human labor.</p><p><b>　　以代替認(rèn)的勞動。</b>

86、;</p><p>　　May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling, dangerous goods and </p><p>　　可以在危險場合下工作，如軍工品的裝卸、危險品及</p><p>　　hazardous material removal and so on.</

87、p><p><b>　　有害物的搬運等。</b></p><p>　　Universe and ocean development.</p><p><b>　　宇宙及海洋的開發(fā)。</b></p><p>　　Military engineering and biomedical research an

88、d testing.</p><p>　　軍事工程及生物醫(yī)學(xué)方面的研究和實驗。</p><p>　　Help mechanical hand: all know as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving </p><p>　　助力機械手：又稱平衡器、平衡吊、省力吊具、</p><p>　

89、　spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, </p><p>　　手動移載機等，是一種無重力化手動承載系統(tǒng)，一種新穎的、</p><p>　　time-saving technology for material handling operati

90、ons booster equipment, belonging to kinds of </p><p>　　用于物料搬運時省力化操作的助力設(shè)備，屬于一種非標(biāo)設(shè)計的系列化</p><p>　　non-standard design of series products. Customer applications needs, creating customized cases.<

91、/p><p>　　產(chǎn)品。針對客戶應(yīng)用需求，量身定制的個案創(chuàng)作。</p><p>　　Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program </p><p>　　一種模擬人手操作的自動機械，它可按固定程序抓取、</p><p>　

92、　draws, handling objections or perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions. </p><p>　　搬運物件或操持工具完成某些特定操作。</p><p>　　Application of machine hand can replace the people engaged in

93、 monotonous, repetitive or heavy </p><p>　　應(yīng)用機械手可以代替人從事單調(diào)、重復(fù)或繁重的體力勞動，</p><p>　　manual labor, the mechanization and automation of production, instead of people in hazardous </p><p>　

94、　實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機械化和自動化，代替人在有害的環(huán)境下的手工操作，</p><p>　　environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safely. The </p><p>　　改善勞動條件，保證人身安全。</p><p>　　late 20th centu

95、ry,40, the United Stated atomic energy experiment, the first use of radioactive </p><p>　　20世紀(jì)40年代后期，美國在原子能試驗中，首先采用機械</p><p>　　material handling machine hand, human machine hand in a safe room t

96、o manipulator and </p><p>　　手搬運放射性材料，人在安全室操縱機械</p><p>　　gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and </p><p>　　手進行各種操作和實驗。機械手逐步推廣到工業(yè)

97、生產(chǎn)部門，用于在loading and unloading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in </p><p>　　高溫、污染嚴(yán)重的地方取放工件和裝卸材料，也作為機床的輔助</p><p>　　automatic machine tools, machine tools, au

98、tomatic production lines and processing center </p><p>　　裝置在自動機床、自動生產(chǎn)線和加工中心中應(yīng)用，</p><p>　　applications, the completion of the upper and lower material. Machine hand body mainly by the </p>

99、<p>　　完成上下料或從刀庫中取放道具并按固定程序更換刀具等操作。</p><p>　　hand and sport institutions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of objects of different </p><p>　　機械手主要有手部機構(gòu)和運動機構(gòu)組成。手部機構(gòu)隨使用場合和</p&g

100、t;<p>　　occasions, often there are clamping, support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are </p><p>　　操作對象而不同，常見的有加持、托持和吸附等類型。</p><p>　　generally hydraulic pneumatic, electrical

101、 device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved indecently </p><p>　　運動機構(gòu)一般由液壓、氣動、電氣裝置驅(qū)動。機械手可獨立地實現(xiàn)retractable, rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Machine hands </p><

102、p>　　伸縮、旋轉(zhuǎn)和升降等運動，一般有2~3個自由度。</p><p>　　are widely used in metallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic </p><p>　　機械手廣泛用于機械制造、冶金、輕功和原子能等部門。</p><p>　　ener

103、gy sectors.</p><p>　　It can replace human labor in order to achieve the production of heavy mechanization and </p><p>　　能模仿人手和臂的某些動作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬運物件</p><p>　　automation that can op

104、erate in hazardous environment to protect the personal safety, which is </p><p>　　或操作工具的自動操作裝置。它可代替人的繁重勞動以實現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機</p><p>　　widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light i

105、ndustry and nuclear power </p><p>　　械化和自動化，能在有害環(huán)境下操作以保護人身安全，因而廣泛應(yīng)用于機械制造、冶金、電子、輕工和原子能等部門。</p><p>　　sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipment commonly used for additional devices, such as

106、</p><p>　　機械手通常用作機床或其他機器的附加裝置， 如在自動機床</p><p>　　the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the work piece, </p><p>　　或自動生產(chǎn)線上裝卸和傳遞工件， </

107、p><p>　　the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers ,etc. generally do not have a separate control </p><p>　　在加工中心更換刀具等，一般沒有獨立的控制裝置。</p><p>　　device. Some operating devices r

108、equire direct manipulation by humans such as the atomic energy </p><p>　　有些操作裝置需要由人直接操縱如用于原子能部門</p><p>　　sector performs household hazardous material used in the master-slave manipulator is also

109、 often </p><p>　　操持危險物品的主從式操作手也常稱為機械手。</p><p>　　referred to as mechanical hand.</p><p>　　Manipulator mainly by hand and sport institutions. Task of hand is holding the work piece (o

110、r </p><p>　　機械手主要由手部和運動機構(gòu)組成。手部是用來抓持工件</p><p>　　tool) components, according to grasping objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational </p><p>　?。ɑ蚬ぞ撸┑牟考鶕?jù)被抓持物件的形狀、尺寸、重量、材

111、料</p><p>　　requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and adsorption of a variety </p><p>　　和作業(yè)要求而有有多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式，如加持型、托持型和吸附型等。</p><p>　　of hand rotation (swi