工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--從生產(chǎn)綠色辦公家具到提供可持續(xù)的辦公環(huán)境服務(wù)（節(jié)選）

1、<p>　　中文5100字，2700單詞，15700英文字符</p><p>　　出處：Boughnim N, Yannou B, Bertoluci G, et al. From Manufacturing Green Office Furniture to providing Sustainable Workplace Services: A necessary change in practice

2、s, tools and approaches[C]// 2005.</p><p>　　本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）</p><p><b>　　英語(yǔ)翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　論 文 題 目：</b></p><p>　　姓 名：

3、 </p><p>　　系 別： </p><p>　　專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　年 級(jí) 、 學(xué) 號(hào)：

4、 </p><p>　　指 導(dǎo) 教 師： </p><p>　　From Manufacturing Green Office Furniture to providing Sustainable Workplace Services: A necessary change in practices, tools an

5、d approaches</p><p>　　Nabil Boughnim1, Bernard Yannou , Gwenola Bertoluci , Catherine Gall , André Malsch</p><p>　　Abstract：A world leader company in office furniture like Steelcase is movi

6、ng its business from manufacturing physical products toward more integrated solutions for work environment. Through this new strategy, this company aims to develop a new business which makes possible to satisfy the vario

7、us needs of customer and workspace users, to anticipate the future tendencies, organizational and cultural changes in work and to be in compliance with sustainability recommendations. The objective of this </p>&l

8、t;p>　　Keywords：ustainability； integrated solutions；workplace performances；eco-indicators,social performance；performance aggregation </p><p>　　1.Introduction </p><p>　　The competitiveness of t

9、he office furniture industry is strongly affected by the globalization of trade exchanges. It is heavily subjected to the competition of the low cost labor countries which are able to offer products much less expensive t

10、o the Western customers. Like other industrial sectors, one of the keys for this industry is to count on the creation of differentiated offers to their prospective customers. Parallel to these market rends, the concept o

11、f sustainable development resulting </p><p>　　In this paper, we are interested in the particular case of the Steelcase company whose previous actions in condensing of products and in adjustment of workplaces

12、 gives it a significant lead against its competitors. It’s an exemplary case of an American company established in Europe which is a world leader in its domain of office furniture. We endeavor to index the difficultie

13、s with which it is confronted to shift from the supply of products to the provision of integrated solution in the form </p><p>　　First, we present Steelcase Company and its know-how in workplace design, and

14、then we describe the difficulties and complexities related to the shift from product manufacturing to service providing. Finally we present our approach for the evaluation of workplace performance complying with sustaina

15、bility issues and technical requirements. </p><p>　　2.Economic reality and company strategy</p><p>　　2.1Economic and competitive situation of Steelcase</p><p>　　Steelcase is the wor

16、ld leader of the Office furniture; it is also the world leader in the design and the adjustment of workplace solutions. It has more than 500 product lines which are sold through a network of more than 800 dealers in the

17、world. Its products are manufactured in more than 35 factories. Created in Michigan in USA in 1912 as a manufacturing company of metal office furniture, it has become today a company which also proposes services of consu

18、lting in organization and planning of wo</p><p>　　2.2Steelcase Strategy toward innovation and sustainable development</p><p>　　The Steelcase Company has an historical know-how in the manufacture

19、 of office furniture. In 1974, Steelcase carried out a Joint-venture with the company "Strafor" the French leader of manufacture of the office furniture. Later, it acquires 100% of the capital of Strafor in 199

20、9. Steelcase received it first patent in 1914 for a steel wastebasket -- a major innovation at a time when straw wastebaskets were a major office fire hazard. Steelcase deposited more than 1400 patents until today. Today

21、, S</p><p>　　Conscious that the office furniture product has a strong environmental impact, Steelcase developed an Ecodesign strategy for its office furniture products. This strategy made possible interestin

22、g results in the reduction of environmental impacts and the optimization of Life Cycle Cost.It developed green product lines (exp:"THINK"seating). The environmental performance of this product shows the Steelc

23、ase expertise level in Ecodesign.Steelcase is also the first office furniture manufacturer to pu</p><p>　　The contribution of Steelcase to sustainable development is not limited to the certification of its m

24、anufacturing units (ISO14001) which is now the case for most of European and even world Steelcase sites. It is a question of creating products which integrate, in addition to the usual criteria of quality, of reliabilit

25、y and price, the preservation of the environment and the health of individuals. The environmental responsibility for Steelcase is reflected on its know-how on design of the innova</p><p>　　The matters are an

26、alyzed in accordance with a rigorous controls protocol, only the products considered respectful of the environment are used. All these collaborations with research institutions make Steelcase the leader in research orien

27、ted Ecodesign of office furniture, which confers to it a know-how in the management of multi- trades design projects. </p><p>　　Today, Steelcase wants to do more by an orientation towards the total performan

28、ce of workplace, which is considerably impacted by the building performance. In the USA, the building makes part of the business strategy of Steelcase; it has a subsidiary company of construction "Workstage" wh

29、ich deploys an environmental strategy in this direction according to the recommendations of the American system of certification LEED ("Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design") of the "USGBC" (

30、US Green Bu</p><p>　　In Europe, and in particular in France, initiatives go in this direction in particular through the system of certification HQE (High Environmental Quality). This certification HQE is a v

31、oluntary step, it offers a common language (14 targets), precisely describing the environmental characteristics of building. Today the building is in the heart of sustainable development concerns. Initially for the econo

32、my, the sector weights more than the 1/5 of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) in France, associ</p><p>　　In France, there is a growing interest to apply HQE targets in the construction and the rehabilitation

33、of building. But, from an economic point of view, the application of some target is not strategically profitable because of the long duration of the return on investment on certain installations. On the other hand, in th

34、e USA, there is an increasing demand of the LEED certification by the customers. Steelcase has the first factory certified LEED in the USA causing considerable savings on energy</p><p>　　Another important as

35、pect is the office interior design that plays a great role on economic and social dimensions of the company. It has been noted that a better comfort in work may significantly increase the productivity of the employees an

36、d improve organization efficiency. But currently, these improvements are not well evaluated; the only evaluation which is made is about organization efficiency after the change and the only sustainable Development perfor

37、mance evaluation is concerning the envir</p><p>　　2.3 New strategy toward service oriented solutions and sustainability performance control</p><p>　　Today, an increasing number of industrial com

38、panies are developing new market opportunities through an orientation toward more sustainable business models that help them in the same time to comply with environmental pressures and sustainability recommendations

39、. This is the case of the office furniture sector characterized by important raw material consumption (wood, plastics, steel...) and large quantities of waste. This requires re- examining the behavior of the product in o

40、rder to reach a</p><p>　　In this direction, Steelcase developed its Workplace Services on the basis of knowledge and skills that Steelcase has gained through the contract furniture industry and through exten

41、sive workplace research. Steelcase offers a portfolio of services that helps people to work more effectively, organizations to use space more efficiently and therefore improve individual and organizational productivities

42、. </p><p>　　The expansion of workplace integrated solutions is particularly true in the USA where the demand is increasing from companies and that begins to extend more in Europe. An increasing demand for th

43、ese services are more and more observed when companies want to invest in new effective and sustainable work structures.The Facility managers are increasingly conscious that the workspace is a resource that they can make

44、profitable and present a performance lever for the organization.</p><p>　　In addition, with the current competition state, Steelcase is forced to develop its offer to survive on the market. Its specific know

45、-how in workplace services presents a competitive advantage from other office furniture manufacturers; in particular the Asian competitors. This know-how is based in multidisciplinary research orientation (sociology of w

46、ork, ergonomics, etc...) and considers the different work cultures in local markets. </p><p>　　The question asked today is how to demonstrate that providing integrated solutions for workplace (a composite of

47、 physical products and immaterial services) is more respectful for the environment and economically profitable for the customer and services suppliers.</p><p>　　In literature, the concept of Product Service

48、System (PSS) widely introduced as a new Business model which makes possible to decouple the economic growth from the environmental degradation [8; 15]. Other authors [3] discuss the fact to develop new strategies for off

49、ice furniture sector based on the same principle can give the opportunity to close the materials life cycle and optimize resources consumption. However, integrated solutions for workspace increase complexity of system an

50、d therefore pu</p><p>　　3. Conclusion&Perspectives</p><p>　　Today, new tendencies in work environment strongly impact the office furniture sector. Most of manufacturers are oriented to devel

51、op strategies in accordance with these evolutions through integrated solutions for workplace. We focus in the case of Steelcase company which chose to enrich its knowledge on people at work and sustainable development. I

52、ts initiatives were initially oriented to the improvement of product quality, environmental performance of products, and providing customized solution</p><p>　　從生產(chǎn)綠色辦公家具到提供可持續(xù)的辦公環(huán)境服務(wù)：實(shí)踐，工具，方法的必要變革</p>

53、<p>　　摘要：斯蒂爾凱斯是世界一流的辦公室家具生產(chǎn)公司，它將自己的生意從制造業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向能夠?yàn)楣ぷ鳝h(huán)境提供更多綜合方案的領(lǐng)域。通過(guò)這一新的戰(zhàn)略，該公司旨在開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新的業(yè)務(wù)，這項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)有可能滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)和工作區(qū)用戶(hù)的各種需求?？赡茴A(yù)測(cè)到工作的未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，預(yù)測(cè)到組織和文化的變革，從而與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的意見(jiàn)保持一致。本文的目的是在實(shí)際的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的情形下來(lái)描繪斯蒂爾凱斯公司，從一種設(shè)計(jì)的觀點(diǎn)，技能，過(guò)程和工具中來(lái)形成自身的特點(diǎn)，在發(fā)表這次聲明

54、之后，我們強(qiáng)調(diào)以下觀點(diǎn)，這些觀點(diǎn)從當(dāng)今的綠色產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)向可持續(xù)的綜合辦公區(qū)解決方式中獲得。其中的主要挑戰(zhàn)是監(jiān)測(cè)在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中日益興盛的的科學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)的環(huán)保的社會(huì)的備選方案，從而能夠以多種評(píng)價(jià)方式來(lái)向顧客展示不同的解決方案。最好的方法就是采取建模和資本化的手法來(lái)展示工作區(qū)的解決方式。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵字: 可持續(xù)性；綜合解決方案；工作區(qū)成果；生態(tài)指標(biāo)；社會(huì)績(jī)效；績(jī)效匯總</p><p>&

55、lt;b>　　1．引言</b></p><p>　　貿(mào)易交流的全球化強(qiáng)烈的影響了辦公室家具產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。這也在很大程度上受到了低勞動(dòng)力成本國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的影響，因?yàn)檫@些國(guó)家能夠向西方世界的顧客提供更加便宜的產(chǎn)品。像其他產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，這個(gè)行業(yè)的關(guān)鍵因素之一是依靠能夠像他們的潛在客戶(hù)提供差異化的方案。由于市場(chǎng)版圖的瓜分，可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念來(lái)自于布倫特蘭的報(bào)告，在受到有關(guān)當(dāng)局和市場(chǎng)需要的壓力下，可持續(xù)發(fā)展在當(dāng)今的

56、市場(chǎng)中逐漸成為了主流。這具體化的行為尤其出現(xiàn)在通過(guò)網(wǎng)站認(rèn)證的環(huán)境方面。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這些行為在種植業(yè)發(fā)展的很好，這環(huán)境工作可以減少?gòu)U物的流動(dòng)和這些過(guò)程對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。不過(guò)這些行為很少在行政和三級(jí)建筑物中出現(xiàn)，這就是為什么額外的措施必須在那些場(chǎng)所中所執(zhí)行，用可持續(xù)發(fā)展的社會(huì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境的框架來(lái)提高組織的績(jī)效和運(yùn)作。因此，這些新的需要構(gòu)成了辦公室家具產(chǎn)業(yè)的新機(jī)會(huì)，從而能夠創(chuàng)造新業(yè)務(wù)，以及提供新的機(jī)會(huì)。這些新的機(jī)會(huì)不應(yīng)該以任何中材料為基礎(chǔ)，如辦公室

57、，椅子，存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備。但是在統(tǒng)一的系統(tǒng)中，包含了這些因素，它們的空間和使用條件，以便在這些系統(tǒng)的生命周期中通過(guò)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的三個(gè)要素（經(jīng)濟(jì)，環(huán)保和社會(huì)性）來(lái)提出一個(gè)最佳的解決方案。</p><p>　　在本文中，我們對(duì)斯蒂爾凱斯公司這一特殊的例子有興趣，因?yàn)樵摴鞠惹霸谂c其他公司競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的時(shí)候通過(guò)產(chǎn)品的生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)和對(duì)工作場(chǎng)所的調(diào)節(jié)，給對(duì)手們以重大的打擊。這是一個(gè)在辦公室家具領(lǐng)域世界領(lǐng)先的在歐洲建立的美國(guó)公司的典范。我們努力指

58、出從一個(gè)產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)商到提供工作區(qū)的三級(jí)形式的綜合解決方案的困難。除此之外，我們也描述變革的軌跡以此來(lái)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)以及追求辦公場(chǎng)所的績(jī)效。</p><p>　　首先，我們將展示斯蒂爾凱斯公司在工作區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)方面的技能，接著我們將描述從產(chǎn)品制造轉(zhuǎn)向服務(wù)提供產(chǎn)業(yè)的相關(guān)的困難和復(fù)雜程度。最后我們會(huì)提出符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的以及科技要求的工作環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)的方法。</p><p>　　2. 經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)實(shí)和企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略<

59、;/p><p>　　2.1斯蒂爾凱斯公司的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)勢(shì)</p><p>　　斯蒂爾凱斯公司是世界領(lǐng)先的辦公室家具生產(chǎn)廠商，它在設(shè)計(jì)和辦公空間解決方法調(diào)整方面處于世界領(lǐng)先地位。它擁有超過(guò)500個(gè)產(chǎn)品系列，通過(guò)分布在全球的800多個(gè)經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商來(lái)銷(xiāo)售自己的產(chǎn)品。有超過(guò)35個(gè)工廠在制造它的產(chǎn)品，作為金屬辦公家具制造公司在1912年創(chuàng)建于密歇根州。今天它以成為為辦公區(qū)組織和策劃提供咨詢(xún)服務(wù)的公司，在世

60、界范圍內(nèi)他們擁有超過(guò)80000個(gè)客戶(hù)公司，在去年2004年，它的銷(xiāo)售額達(dá)到26億美元，在2002年整個(gè)歐洲辦公家具市場(chǎng)的銷(xiāo)售為為78億歐元，與2001年的97億銷(xiāo)售額相比，同比降低了百分之19點(diǎn)9，銷(xiāo)售額的下降可以解釋為是因?yàn)檗k公室家具的投資下降所造成的，也是由于去年惡劣的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境造成的，尤其是在信息和通信技術(shù)部門(mén)。這惡劣的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境導(dǎo)致了營(yíng)業(yè)額從60億美元下降到26億美元，相反在美國(guó)市場(chǎng)，5個(gè)主要的公司占據(jù)了超過(guò)百分之八十的市場(chǎng)，歐洲市

61、場(chǎng)是非常分散的，10個(gè)主要的公司只占了百分之三十的營(yíng)業(yè)額。然而，斯蒂爾凱斯這些年通過(guò)產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新和辦公區(qū)組織和策劃的多樣性服務(wù)來(lái)獲得市場(chǎng)份額。它的以新用戶(hù)為導(dǎo)向的策略使它在市場(chǎng)上獲得了一個(gè)良好的名譽(yù)。然后，它最近發(fā)現(xiàn)在歐洲市場(chǎng)上有越來(lái)越多的公司和咨詢(xún)</p><p>　　2.2 斯蒂爾凱斯公司的創(chuàng)新策略和可持續(xù)發(fā)展</p><p>　　斯蒂爾凱斯公司在辦公室家具制作中有一個(gè)歷史性的訣竅，在19

62、74年與法國(guó)一流的辦公室家具生產(chǎn)商斯沃非公司組成了一個(gè)合資企業(yè)，后來(lái)，在1999年斯蒂凱爾斯公司獲得了該公司所有的股權(quán)，斯蒂爾凱斯公司在1914年第一次獲得專(zhuān)利權(quán)，是有關(guān)鋼垃圾桶的專(zhuān)利，在當(dāng)時(shí)是個(gè)重大的創(chuàng)新，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)時(shí)桔桿廢紙簍是當(dāng)時(shí)辦公室火災(zāi)的主要危險(xiǎn)因素，斯蒂爾凱斯公司迄今為止有大概超過(guò)1400項(xiàng)專(zhuān)利，今天，該公司的解決方案系列滿(mǎn)足辦公室環(huán)境的三個(gè)核心因素，室內(nèi)建筑，家具和技術(shù)。斯蒂爾凱斯公司是一家科研能力強(qiáng)的公司，每年約投資460

63、0萬(wàn)美元（600萬(wàn)的基礎(chǔ)研究和4000萬(wàn)用于產(chǎn)品研發(fā)的工業(yè)研究），它的研究項(xiàng)目包括與像斯坦福大學(xué)，倫敦的皇家藝術(shù)學(xué)院，維也納技術(shù)大學(xué)，或者像美國(guó)IBM，佳能一樣的公司共同合作。斯蒂爾凱斯公司在戰(zhàn)略層面上促進(jìn)有關(guān)創(chuàng)新和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的價(jià)值觀，以及在深入研究領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的承諾。</p><p>　　意識(shí)到辦公室家具產(chǎn)品具有很強(qiáng)的環(huán)境影響，斯蒂爾凱斯為它的辦公室家具設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展了一套產(chǎn)品生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)的策略，這項(xiàng)策略有可能對(duì)減少對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞

64、和對(duì)優(yōu)化生命周期成本有著有趣的結(jié)果，它開(kāi)發(fā)綠色產(chǎn)品線（預(yù)期：思想座位，該產(chǎn)品的環(huán)保性能顯示出了斯蒂爾凱斯在生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)方面的專(zhuān)業(yè)水平。該公司也是第一個(gè)發(fā)布環(huán)保產(chǎn)品宣告的辦公室家具生產(chǎn)商（環(huán)保署）。</p><p>　　斯蒂爾凱斯公司對(duì)于可持續(xù)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)不僅限于其制造單位認(rèn)證（ISO14001認(rèn)證），這項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不僅在歐洲的大部分地區(qū)，甚至還在全世界范圍內(nèi)適用，這是綜合的不僅是普通的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)品，還包括可靠性和價(jià)格因素

65、，在保護(hù)環(huán)境和個(gè)人健康方面，該公司的環(huán)保責(zé)任顯示在該公司所設(shè)計(jì)的創(chuàng)新性產(chǎn)品能夠降低對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，那意味著為了測(cè)量和分析產(chǎn)品在各個(gè)生命周期對(duì)于環(huán)境的影響，斯蒂爾凱斯公司是第一個(gè)在新產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)用生命周期分析專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)的辦公家具生產(chǎn)商，生命周期分析和產(chǎn)品的環(huán)境聲明是該公司與其他研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室共同合作執(zhí)行的，產(chǎn)品生命周期的結(jié)果由法國(guó)的研究機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的檢查執(zhí)行，該公司還和Mc Donough Braungart Design Chemistry機(jī)構(gòu)

66、合作對(duì)材料進(jìn)行分析。事項(xiàng)均符合協(xié)議規(guī)定進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的控制分析，只有被認(rèn)為對(duì)環(huán)境無(wú)害的產(chǎn)品才能夠被使用，這一切與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究機(jī)構(gòu)的合作在以研究為導(dǎo)向的辦公家具生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)中占據(jù)領(lǐng)先地位，使得該公司在多方貿(mào)易設(shè)計(jì)工程的管理中占有領(lǐng)先地位。</p><p>　　今天，斯蒂爾凱斯公司希望在以工作區(qū)整體表現(xiàn)為導(dǎo)向的設(shè)計(jì)中做的更好，這也在一定程度上受到了建筑性能表現(xiàn)的影響，在美國(guó)，建筑已經(jīng)成為斯蒂爾凱斯公司商業(yè)策略的一部分，它有一個(gè)名為

67、的Workstage的建筑子公司，該子公司在進(jìn)行部署時(shí)都符合美國(guó)綠色建筑協(xié)會(huì)（美國(guó)綠色建筑委員會(huì)）的美國(guó)的LEED認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)（在能源和環(huán)保設(shè)計(jì)的領(lǐng)先地位）。LEED是個(gè)認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)，是由美國(guó)綠色建筑委員會(huì)制定的用來(lái)創(chuàng)造用一種常見(jiàn)的方式來(lái)描述和測(cè)量綠色建筑是什么的認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)。在LEED系統(tǒng)中有三個(gè)LEED標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，一個(gè)是LEED的為建筑設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)控方法，現(xiàn)有建筑的LEED電子束，，最后的是商業(yè)室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)，在LEED的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，有一個(gè)共同的框架，該框架包括5

68、個(gè)方面、選址、水資源保護(hù)、材料與資源、室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量、能源最后是創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì)。</p><p>　　在歐洲，尤其是在法國(guó)，積極通過(guò)HQE認(rèn)證系統(tǒng)（高質(zhì)量環(huán)境），進(jìn)行HQE認(rèn)證是自愿的行為，它提供了共同的語(yǔ)言（14個(gè)目標(biāo)），精確的描述了建筑物的環(huán)境特征。如今建筑物已經(jīng)成為可持續(xù)發(fā)展的核心，最初在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，在法國(guó)，建筑部門(mén)為GDP（國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）的貢獻(xiàn)量超過(guò)了五分之一，相關(guān)的水資源和能量消耗和服務(wù)建設(shè)是建設(shè)成功運(yùn)行所必須

69、的條件。對(duì)于環(huán)境方面來(lái)說(shuō)，建設(shè)過(guò)程需要消耗大量的資源，對(duì)環(huán)境和自然景觀都有影響，建筑中產(chǎn)生的污水，廢物和有毒氣體，幾乎就等于法國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)的污染物排放總量。建筑物還影響了使用者的舒適度和健康，因?yàn)槿藗冇邪俜种攀臅r(shí)間都是在封閉的室內(nèi)度過(guò)。</p><p>　　在法國(guó)，人們?cè)絹?lái)越關(guān)注將HQE目標(biāo)應(yīng)用于建筑的建設(shè)和樓宇的修復(fù)過(guò)程中。但是，從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來(lái)看，一些目標(biāo)的應(yīng)用在策略上有些不太適合，是因?yàn)閷?duì)一些設(shè)施的投資來(lái)說(shuō)，回報(bào)

70、的時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng)，在另外一方面，在美國(guó)，人們對(duì)LEED認(rèn)證的需要逐漸增加，斯蒂爾凱斯公司是美國(guó)第一家認(rèn)證LEED的工廠，節(jié)省了大量的能源和水資源的消耗。</p><p>　　另一個(gè)重要的因素是辦公室室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)，它對(duì)于公司的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)因素方面起到了極大的作用，據(jù)報(bào)道，一個(gè)舒適的辦公環(huán)境能夠顯著的提高辦公人員的生產(chǎn)力和提高組織的效率。但是目前這些改進(jìn)沒(méi)有得到很好的評(píng)價(jià)，關(guān)于組織效率的唯一評(píng)價(jià)是在變革之后，并且唯一的可持續(xù)發(fā)

71、展績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)是關(guān)于產(chǎn)品對(duì)于環(huán)境的影響。</p><p>　　2.3 對(duì)服務(wù)為導(dǎo)向的解決措施和可持續(xù)發(fā)展績(jī)效控制的新策略</p><p>　　如今，越來(lái)越多的工業(yè)公司正在開(kāi)發(fā)新的市場(chǎng)，他們通過(guò)可以幫助他們與此同時(shí)可以符合環(huán)保和可持續(xù)發(fā)展方式的商業(yè)模式，因?yàn)閷?duì)于辦公家具部分來(lái)說(shuō)，木材，塑料和鋼材是重要的原材料，并且會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的廢物，這需要重新審視產(chǎn)品的性質(zhì)，這樣可以使得辦公家具能夠更加有效率的使

72、用。因此這種演變?cè)谝恍┕静块T(mén)中得到體現(xiàn)，綜合解決方案的升級(jí)可以滿(mǎn)足組織和開(kāi)發(fā)部門(mén)的需要。這些集成的解決方案包括對(duì)工作場(chǎng)所的調(diào)整，這需要重現(xiàn)考慮為一個(gè)公司創(chuàng)建一個(gè)合格的工作環(huán)境的要求。（空間規(guī)劃，家具規(guī)格，照明，音響布線調(diào)整）在文獻(xiàn)中，作者提出了一些與產(chǎn)品服務(wù)系統(tǒng)概念的比較。這個(gè)概念旨在促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)的可持續(xù)的商業(yè)模式，但問(wèn)題是等待能夠被這個(gè)可持續(xù)的消費(fèi)模式的類(lèi)型和預(yù)期增加的價(jià)值所信服。</p><p>　　在這個(gè)方向

73、斯蒂爾凱斯公司在知識(shí)和技能的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展它的辦公區(qū)服務(wù)。該公司并且通過(guò)大量的辦公室研究通過(guò)了家具產(chǎn)業(yè)的合同。該公司還提供組合服務(wù)，這樣能夠幫助人們能夠更加有效的工作，能夠幫助組織更加有效地利用空間，從而提高提高個(gè)人和組織的生產(chǎn)力。</p><p>　　工作場(chǎng)所綜合解決方案不斷的擴(kuò)充，在美國(guó)尤其如此，因?yàn)樵谀窃絹?lái)越多的公司需要它，并且逐漸在歐洲興盛起來(lái)。當(dāng)公司有意投資新的有效和可持續(xù)的工作時(shí)，我們?cè)絹?lái)越多的發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)這些

74、服務(wù)的需求日益增加。該設(shè)施經(jīng)理逐漸意識(shí)到工作場(chǎng)所是種資源，可以使他們創(chuàng)造更多的利潤(rùn)，可以使組織展現(xiàn)出良好的風(fēng)貌。</p><p>　　此外，根據(jù)當(dāng)前的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)，斯蒂爾凱斯公司也是被迫發(fā)展這項(xiàng)服務(wù)從而能夠在當(dāng)今這個(gè)市場(chǎng)中存活下來(lái)。它有關(guān)工作區(qū)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)與其他家具生產(chǎn)商相比具有相當(dāng)?shù)母?jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。特別是相對(duì)于亞洲的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，它的訣竅在于多學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的研究，（社會(huì)工作，人機(jī)工程學(xué)，社會(huì)學(xué)等），并且在當(dāng)?shù)乜紤]不同的工作文化。&

75、lt;/p><p>　　今天所被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題是證明為辦公區(qū)提供綜合的解決方案措施是否能夠?qū)τ诃h(huán)境更加有益和向顧客和服務(wù)提供者產(chǎn)生更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。（一切有形實(shí)物和無(wú)形的服務(wù)）。</p><p>　　在文獻(xiàn)方面，產(chǎn)品服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的概念(PSS)被廣泛的介紹作為一種新的商業(yè)模式，使得將經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)和環(huán)境退化相脫鉤。其他作者探討希望能夠以相同的原則為基礎(chǔ)，為辦公室家具部門(mén)發(fā)展出新的策略。這樣有機(jī)會(huì)能夠關(guān)閉材料的

76、生命周期，并且優(yōu)化資源消耗。然而為工作場(chǎng)所提供的綜合解決措施可以增加系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜度，因此，至少?gòu)沫h(huán)境和社會(huì)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，并且重視與性能管理相關(guān)的問(wèn)題。另一個(gè)結(jié)果是如何說(shuō)服客戶(hù)，通過(guò)一個(gè)可選擇的解決措施和對(duì)于一個(gè)措施的投資回報(bào)率來(lái)證明金融儲(chǔ)蓄是有可能的。</p><p><b>　　3. 總結(jié)與展望</b></p><p>　　今天，工作環(huán)境中的新趨勢(shì)強(qiáng)烈的影響了辦公室家具

77、行業(yè)。大多數(shù)的生產(chǎn)商往往通過(guò)辦公場(chǎng)所綜合解決方案發(fā)展策略來(lái)與這些變化相適應(yīng)。我們關(guān)注斯蒂爾凱斯公司，因?yàn)樗鼣U(kuò)充了自己關(guān)于人們?cè)诠ぷ鲿r(shí)的研究，擴(kuò)充了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的知識(shí)。它的最初想法是能夠提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)品的環(huán)保性能，并且為顧客提供制定的解決方案。但是今天，斯蒂爾凱斯公司想要控制它辦公室綜合解決方案的性能，從來(lái)能夠更好的滿(mǎn)足它顧客的需求。在本篇文章中我們根據(jù)三項(xiàng)可持續(xù)發(fā)張的原則（經(jīng)濟(jì)，環(huán)境，社會(huì)）和考慮其科技和組織上的要求提出了一個(gè)框架從來(lái)

78、為了工作區(qū)的整體性能評(píng)價(jià)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)邏輯。對(duì)于建設(shè)這樣的邏輯，我們已經(jīng)在服務(wù)建模方法上面確定了說(shuō)那個(gè)基本建模的前提，部分組件性能的資本化和綜合過(guò)程的效能這樣才能夠鞏固全球性能指標(biāo)。這樣的績(jī)效評(píng)估過(guò)程將會(huì)重新考慮整個(gè)工作場(chǎng)所系統(tǒng)（建筑本身，產(chǎn)品和設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)），當(dāng)記錄不同階段的不同的建筑策劃和工作組織和個(gè)人的需要時(shí)，當(dāng)我們的框架被重新考慮為一種建模方式，通過(guò)一個(gè)信息系統(tǒng)，效能資本化，復(fù)合服務(wù)全球效能的推動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，這些在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)說(shuō)有很