市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷外文翻譯---金融危機(jī)中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)的影響及對(duì)策

1、<p>　　The financial crisis on the impact of SMEs in China </p><p>　　and Countermeasures</p><p>　　By the U.S. sub-prime crisis triggered by the financial crisis spread to all areas of the wo

2、rld, has not only the financial crisis, but a history of rare and strong impact on the world Economic crisis. Integration into the world economy, China has also been greatly affected, especially SMEs. Since the reform an

3、d opening up, small and medium enterprises developed rapidly, China's industrial restructuring, to ease the employment pressure, technological innovation, promoting Economic growth has pla</p><p>　　The f

4、inancial crisis on China's enterprises, especially SMEs, is a very serious impact, resulting in a lot of SMEs are forced to cease operation or even bankruptcy. </p><p>　　(1) market decline in aggregate d

5、emand, sales of small and medium enterprises affected. </p><p>　　The financial crisis had a direct impact on SMEs is a decline in export volume. The sub-prime crisis in the world economic recession, decline

6、in international demand, China's SMEs, exports, reduction in export trade, which makes for a relatively high dependence on foreign markets, export-oriented small and medium enterprises in the production declines, the

7、 profit decline in the state, especially in the eastern coastal many enterprises have been cut, layoffs or even close. There are also turning </p><p>　　(2) The increase in cost, small and medium enterprises

8、be further squeezed profit margins. </p><p>　　First of all, in recent years, raw materials and energy prices overall rose substantially higher prices for agricultural products, leading to increased productio

9、n costs of SMEs; Second, the new 'Labor Contract Law' demand for workers on foot 3 business insurance, payment overtime, which is no doubt regulated employment system, and improving the income of the workers and

10、safeguard the basic rights of workers, but on the other hand, this will also increase their labor costs and make Enterprise Man</p><p>　　(3) SME financing difficulties. </p><p>　　In recent years

11、, SMEs widespread system is not sound Financial Management was not standardized, low mortgage guarantee agencies, Information opaque, such phenomena as lack of credit, resulting in difficulties in obtaining bank loans fo

12、r SMEs, financing channels less difficult, insufficient funds, which SME Development has been troubled by a major 'bottleneck'. With the advent of the financial crisis, this issue become more prominent. In the co

13、ntext of world economic recession, SMEs operating dif</p><p>　　Small and medium enterprises to promote China's economic development has an important role in helping small and medium enterprises out of di

14、fficulty, the Government is duty-bound, to come from the following aspects: </p><p>　　First of all, to improve the financing environment for SMEs to increase policy support. Local governments can finance thr

15、ough the creation of a special fund to develop small business loan interest subsidy system; the establishment of SME credit risks and increase the compensation funds, to increase loans to SMEs financial institutions to g

16、ive appropriate compensation; perfect the security system and establish a security risk compensation mechanism, to reduce Small secured loan interest rate, inc</p><p>　　Second, relevant government department

17、s should guide scientific Research institutes, colleges and universities with the SMEs 'production and research' combination of technological Innovation for SMEs to provide credit support to facilitate the transf

18、ormation of scientific and technological achievements. </p><p>　　Government policy is helping SMEs to cope with the financial crisis, external causes, the SME's own forces are internal, according to phil

19、osophical principles we can see that external and internal factors must play a role, but play a decisive role in internal and external causes by internal factors play a role. Therefore, SMEs can not simply rely on the Go

20、vernment introduced a large number of policies to deal with the financial crisis, SMEs play a decisive role in the survival or the enterprise'</p><p>　　(1) reaffirm our confidence. </p><p>　

21、　To overcome the financial crisis, should first of all confidence, clarify development ideas. As Premier Wen put it, before the crisis, confidence is more important than gold and currency, confidence is a source of stren

22、gth to overcome the crisis. </p><p>　　(2) seize the opportunity. </p><p>　　First of all, use good policy. In order to maintain rapid and sound economic development, expanding domestic demand, th

23、e Government has stepped up its efforts to support SMEs in 2008, since the state has adopted a series of policies conducive to the development of SMEs. If the mitigation aspects of SME financing difficulties, encouraging

24、 financial institutions to steadily increase the proportion of SME lending and the recognition of the legalization of private lending, etc.; in improving the fin</p><p>　　Second, to attract talent. Financial

25、 crisis occurred in developed countries have laid off a number of large enterprises, which for our small and medium enterprises to attract foreign high-end talents and provide opportunities for overseas students; the sam

26、e time, the financial turmoil on China's trade, finance and other industries affected relatively large, many of these industries enterprises are lower, and layoffs or bankruptcy, some or all of these enterprises need

27、 to re-career personnel, emp</p><p>　　Again, within the framework of a global industrial restructuring opportunities. Europe and the United States and other developed economies affected by financial crisis r

28、elatively large, in order to cushion the slump in the domestic economy against the adverse effects of the manufacturing sector, the manufacturing sector in these countries is bound to transfer to developing countries, fo

29、r China to become the world's largest manufacturing base with a come to a historic opportunity for development.</p><p>　　Finally, the industrial upgrading opportunities. The financial crisis, labor-inten

30、sive, management is poor, the net production of low value-added processing of primary products or production-oriented enterprises be a major shock, facing the threat of closing or closed down, which forced some enterpris

31、es to strengthen management and technical innovation, to upgrade the Industry structure of level, taking product upgrading, winning by quality intensive type business model. At the same time, countr</p><p>　

32、　(3) strengthening internal management and enterprises for independent innovation. </p><p>　　First of all, we should strengthen management and improve operational efficiency. May take the following specific

33、measures: to retain the best employees, enhance the exchange of ordinary employees, motivate and keep employees motivated, in-house to create a strong cohesive force, improve production efficiency; strengthen their inter

34、nal management, and build an efficient organization structure, cutting management layers and links, and lower administrative costs; the introduction of specialized pr</p><p>　　(4) make full use of the Intern

35、et, to establish a suitable model of network marketing. </p><p>　　With the widespread use of the Internet, people in online shopping has become a fashion, which for the network to create the conditions for t

36、he emergence of marketing. Internet marketing, low cost, quick, is to boost sales in an effective way. SMEs should be based on characteristics of their products, customer demand for Population characteristics, to establi

37、sh a suitable model of the enterprise's network marketing. </p><p>　　(5) SME joint between horizontal or vertical will help enhance the competitiveness of enterprises. SMEs, due to management, technology

38、, capital and so there are more disadvantages of going it alone is difficult to compete too large enterprises, so in order to improve competitiveness and enhance strength, producing the same or similar products, enterpri

39、ses and enterprises upstream and downstream of the , are all can be horizontal or vertical, so that is conducive to the formation of economies of </p><p>　　In the economic globalization, China will inevitabl

40、y be drawn into the financial crisis, in which Chinese SMEs have been hit is quite large. SMEs in order to successfully tide over the difficulties, in addition to helping the government, SMEs themselves also need to stre

41、ngthen confidence, seize opportunities, improve enterprise capability of independent innovation and establish an appropriate network Marketing model lateral vertically integrated companies, only to take these measures wi

42、ll be use</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] Wu Qun: 'The global financial crisis environment for SME development Analysis' [J];' Nanjing Institute of Politics Journal of '2008 (6)

43、: 43. </p><p>　　[2] Zhanbi English: 'on the global financial crisis on the impact of private enterprises and coping thinking' [J]; 'Central Institute of Socialism Journal of '2009 (2): 77. &l

44、t;/p><p>　　[3] Feng-Ying Zhang: 'Financial crisis SME Marketing Strategy' [J]; 'academic papers on '2009 (13): 15. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download</p><p>　　金融危機(jī)中國(guó)的

45、中小企業(yè)的影響及對(duì)策</p><p>　　由美國(guó)次貸危機(jī)引發(fā)并蔓延到世界所有地區(qū)的金融危機(jī)，不僅是金融危機(jī)，更是一種世界歷史罕見的強(qiáng)烈影響和經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)。同時(shí)，對(duì)于中國(guó)融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)，也受到很大影響，尤其是中小型企業(yè)。自改革開放以來(lái)，中國(guó)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整使得中小型企業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，并在緩解就業(yè)壓力，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)等方面都起到了非常重要的作用，但這個(gè)時(shí)候，中小企業(yè)大多數(shù)已面臨生存危機(jī)，如果沒有高度重視，并采取有效措施，

46、將可能造成更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)。本文將簡(jiǎn)要分析金融危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)中小企業(yè)的影響，并提出一些措施來(lái)拯救中小型企業(yè)。</p><p>　　金融危機(jī)對(duì)中國(guó)的企業(yè)，尤其是對(duì)中小型企業(yè)是一個(gè)非常嚴(yán)重的影響，造成了不少中小型企業(yè)被迫停業(yè)，甚至破產(chǎn)。 </p><p>　　（1）市場(chǎng)總需求下降，影響中小型企業(yè)銷售。 </p><p>　　金融危機(jī)對(duì)中小企業(yè)的直接影響是出口量下降。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)

47、衰退的情況下，需求下降導(dǎo)致中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)將要減少出口貿(mào)易，出口型企業(yè)面向中小企業(yè)的利潤(rùn)下降，特別是在東部沿海許多企業(yè)，已經(jīng)在削減，裁員，甚至關(guān)閉。也有中小型企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)。事實(shí)上，國(guó)外市場(chǎng)低迷也會(huì)導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)需求下降，原因是：經(jīng)濟(jì)傳輸機(jī)制的影響，金融危機(jī)導(dǎo)致股市低迷和企業(yè)盈利能力下降，也是一個(gè)相對(duì)減少購(gòu)買欲的重要因素。另一方面，為了消除金融危機(jī)帶給消費(fèi)者的心理恐懼，他們?cè)噲D遏制政府開支和減少消費(fèi)。這些導(dǎo)致國(guó)內(nèi)的中小型企業(yè)更難生存，甚至可能

48、破產(chǎn)。面對(duì)市場(chǎng)份額的減少，企業(yè)之間日益激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使得市場(chǎng)上價(jià)格較低的產(chǎn)品嚴(yán)重供過于求，企業(yè)利潤(rùn)率也在縮減，生存更加困難。 </p><p>　?。?）企業(yè)成本在增加，中小企業(yè)進(jìn)一步擠壓利潤(rùn)率。 </p><p>　　首先，近年來(lái)原材料和能源價(jià)格總體上漲，農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格大幅度提高，導(dǎo)致中小企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本增加；其次，新的勞動(dòng)合同法要求商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)為職工，支付加班費(fèi)，這是毫無(wú)疑問規(guī)范用工制度，提高工人的

49、收入和保障工人的基本權(quán)利，但在另一方面，這也將增加他們的勞動(dòng)成本，使企業(yè)管理更加困難；再次，由于環(huán)境退化，各級(jí)政府增加了環(huán)境管理力度，要求企業(yè)廢水處理，廢氣回收凈化排放，對(duì)不遵守繼續(xù)污染的企業(yè)采取限期改正，并依法采取其他措施改善環(huán)境，這也迫使企業(yè)的成本增加。在生產(chǎn)要素價(jià)格不變的情狀況下，企業(yè)支付的土地使用成本也越來(lái)越多。 </p><p>　　（3）中小企業(yè)融資困難。 </p><p>　

50、　近年來(lái)，中小企業(yè)普遍存在制度不健全、財(cái)務(wù)管理不規(guī)范、較低的抵押貸款擔(dān)保、信息不透明、信用缺乏等現(xiàn)象，導(dǎo)致中小企業(yè)獲得銀行貸款、融資渠道都很困難，而資金不足一直是困擾中小企業(yè)發(fā)展的主要瓶頸。隨著金融危機(jī)的來(lái)臨，這個(gè)問題變得更加突出。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的背景下，中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)困難，信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加，銀行為了減少自己的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，提高其對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款的門檻，貸款金額在下降，這使得它更難以對(duì)中小企業(yè)融資。雖然各國(guó)紛紛出臺(tái)金融機(jī)構(gòu)增加對(duì)中小企業(yè)的信貸政策支持，

51、但由于信貸市場(chǎng)信息不對(duì)稱的政策所造成的逆向選擇和道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問題，將使這些銀行是有限的執(zhí)行。此外，金融危機(jī)的來(lái)臨，使這些地區(qū)的總需求以及國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，原材料和能源成本，企業(yè)利潤(rùn)率均有所下降，導(dǎo)致中小企業(yè)內(nèi)部的融資能力也顯著下降。 </p><p>　　中小型企業(yè)對(duì)促進(jìn)中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展具有重要作用，幫助中小企業(yè)走上坡路，政府責(zé)無(wú)旁貸，主要有以下幾個(gè)方面:</p><p>　　首先，改善融資環(huán)境對(duì)

52、中小企業(yè)提高政策的支持。地方政府可以通過創(chuàng)造一個(gè)財(cái)政專項(xiàng)資金，建立中小企業(yè)信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、提高補(bǔ)償資金、以增加貸款的金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)中小企業(yè)給予適當(dāng)?shù)难a(bǔ)償；完善的保障制度，建立安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，以減少小額擔(dān)保貸款利率，提高小額擔(dān)保貸款的數(shù)額；正確的利用好民間資本，擴(kuò)大融資渠道，加強(qiáng)和改善對(duì)中小企業(yè)的服務(wù)，建立和完善社會(huì)中小企業(yè)服務(wù)體系。 </p><p>　　其次，政府有關(guān)部門應(yīng)引導(dǎo)科研機(jī)構(gòu)、大專院校和中小企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)和科研相

53、結(jié)合的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，為中小企業(yè)提供信貸支持,便于科技成果的轉(zhuǎn)化。 </p><p>　　政府的政策是幫助中小企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)，外部原因，中小企業(yè)自身的力量是內(nèi)部的，根據(jù)哲學(xué)原理，我們可以看出，外部和內(nèi)部因素都必須發(fā)揮作用，但在內(nèi)部和外部因素同時(shí)發(fā)揮作用時(shí)，內(nèi)因起決定性作用。因此，中小企業(yè)不能僅僅依靠中國(guó)政府采取的一系列政策來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)金融危機(jī)，只有發(fā)揮自己的力量才能起到?jīng)Q定性的作用，他們必須靠自己采取措施，積極應(yīng)對(duì)這次危機(jī)

54、。</p><p>　?。?）重申了我們的信心。 </p><p>　　為了克服金融危機(jī)，首先應(yīng)該有信心，理清發(fā)展思路。正如溫家寶之前提到的，信心是一種力量的來(lái)源，要克服金融危機(jī)，堅(jiān)定信心比黃金和貨幣更重要。 </p><p><b>　?。?）抓住機(jī)遇。 </b></p><p>　　首先，使用良好的政策。 為了保

55、持經(jīng)濟(jì)快速健康發(fā)展，擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)需求，政府已加強(qiáng)努力，支持中小企業(yè)，2008年以來(lái)，國(guó)家采取了一系列政策有助于中小型企業(yè)的發(fā)展。 好好利用這些政策將是幫助中小企業(yè)走出困境的唯一機(jī)會(huì)。 </p><p>　　其次，要吸引人才。金融危機(jī)發(fā)生在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，這為中小企業(yè)吸引已經(jīng)被解雇的外國(guó)高端人才，海外學(xué)生提供了機(jī)會(huì)；同時(shí)，金融市場(chǎng)動(dòng)蕩對(duì)中國(guó)貿(mào)易、金融和其他行業(yè)的影響相對(duì)較大，這些行業(yè)的很多企業(yè)都在降低、裁員，甚至破產(chǎn)，這

56、些部分或全部的需要重新就業(yè)人員，面對(duì)巨大的就業(yè)壓力，這為我國(guó)中小型企業(yè)推出低成本，高級(jí)別管理人才和金融人才創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。 中小企業(yè)應(yīng)抓住這個(gè)機(jī)遇，儲(chǔ)備人才，為今后的發(fā)展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 </p><p>　　再次，把握全球性產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的機(jī)會(huì)。歐洲和美國(guó)以及其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家金融危機(jī)影響相對(duì)較大，為了緩和國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑對(duì)其制造業(yè)產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面效應(yīng)，這些國(guó)家的制造業(yè)必然要轉(zhuǎn)移到發(fā)展中國(guó)家，中國(guó)要成為世界上最大的生產(chǎn)基地這個(gè)歷史性

57、的發(fā)展機(jī)遇來(lái)了。中國(guó)的中小型企業(yè)應(yīng)抓住這一機(jī)遇，積極應(yīng)對(duì)，尋求更多的資金交易中介、合并或收購(gòu)的外國(guó)科學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)、上游原料供應(yīng)企業(yè)、下游產(chǎn)品的銷售業(yè)務(wù)，努力提高產(chǎn)品的科技含量，降低生產(chǎn)成本，提高其全球市場(chǎng)銷售份額，提升中國(guó)成為世界制造業(yè)中心的地位。 </p><p>　　最后，產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)的機(jī)會(huì)。金融危機(jī)，勞動(dòng)力密集，管理差，對(duì)于低附加值加工生產(chǎn)的主要產(chǎn)品或生產(chǎn)型企業(yè)是一個(gè)重大的沖擊，面臨關(guān)閉或倒閉的威脅，這迫使一些企

58、業(yè)加強(qiáng)管理和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，提升產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)水平，以產(chǎn)品升級(jí)，以質(zhì)取勝密集式的業(yè)務(wù)模式。與此同時(shí)，國(guó)家加強(qiáng)以高科技產(chǎn)品和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品為原料的出口退稅率，降低或取消其他煤炭，鋼鐵和其他資源的產(chǎn)品附加值不高，這也迫使許多初級(jí)產(chǎn)品加工企業(yè)的良性發(fā)展，生產(chǎn)高科技產(chǎn)品，加速產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí),提高出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)和努力擴(kuò)大出口高科技產(chǎn)品，享受出口退稅政策的好處。</p><p>　　（3）加強(qiáng)企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理和自主創(chuàng)新。 </p>

59、<p>　　首先，我們要加強(qiáng)管理，提高運(yùn)作效率?？刹扇∫韵戮唧w措施：留住最優(yōu)秀的員工，提高員工日常交流，激勵(lì)和保留員工的積極性，在內(nèi)部形成強(qiáng)大的凝聚力，提高生產(chǎn)效率，加強(qiáng)企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理，并建立一個(gè)高效的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，削減管理層次和環(huán)節(jié)，降低行政成本，引進(jìn)專業(yè)生產(chǎn)，降低生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)成本，以節(jié)省資金;有權(quán)處置閑置資產(chǎn)以減少財(cái)產(chǎn)損失，而且也增加了資本儲(chǔ)備。其次，我們必須加大研發(fā)投入，促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新。對(duì)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，培養(yǎng)員工的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和創(chuàng)

60、新機(jī)制，激勵(lì)員工、鼓勵(lì)員工進(jìn)行技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，形成自己獨(dú)特的核心技術(shù)，使用新技術(shù)研發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品的升級(jí)與發(fā)展，走品牌發(fā)展道路，服務(wù)創(chuàng)新，打造一流的服務(wù)體系，提高企業(yè)知名度。 </p><p>　?。ㄋ模┏浞掷没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)，建立一個(gè)合適的網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷模型。 </p><p>　　隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的廣泛使用，人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已經(jīng)成為一種時(shí)尚，這為網(wǎng)絡(luò)市場(chǎng)的出現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造了條件。網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷，成本低，見效快，是提高銷售的有

61、效方式。中小企業(yè)應(yīng)根據(jù)其產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)，客戶群體需求的特點(diǎn)，建立合適的網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷企業(yè)模式。 </p><p>　　在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的推動(dòng)下，中國(guó)將不可避免地被卷入這場(chǎng)金融危機(jī)，其中中國(guó)的中小企業(yè)受到的沖擊是相當(dāng)大的。 此外，中小企業(yè)要想成功渡過困難，必須借助于政府的幫助，中小企業(yè)自身也需要增強(qiáng)信心，抓住機(jī)遇，提高企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新能力，在公司中建立適當(dāng)?shù)臋M向縱向一體化的網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷模式，只有采取這些措施才有助于在金融危機(jī)背景下的

62、生存和發(fā)展，才能在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地，以實(shí)現(xiàn)危機(jī)后的增長(zhǎng)。 </p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1]伍群：金融危機(jī)環(huán)境的研究[J為中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r分析]'的全球性的，'南京政治學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)的'2008（6）：43。 </p><p>　　[2] Zhanbi英語(yǔ)：'對(duì)全球金融