機(jī)械專業(yè)外文翻譯---固定卷揚(yáng)式啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化

1、<p><b>　　外文資料翻譯</b></p><p>　　學(xué)生姓名： </p><p>　　專業(yè)班級(jí)： </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： </p><p>　　Fuzzy

2、 - Optimization on Fixed Cable Hoist</p><p>　　0 Preface</p><p>　　Long-term since, hydropower engineering fixed roll Yang type hoist (hereinafter referred to hoist) design have been used for exp

3、erience, not only logic.analog design method for the design cycle longer, and only a few scheme comparison and analysis, no exact evaluation standard to measure have options, there is get judged almost optimal design. Wi

4、th the development and application of the electronic computer, it can establish a design process automatically choose the most effective method of optim</p><p>　　1 fuzzy optimization research reviewed</p&

5、gt;<p>　　1.1 fuzzy technology</p><p>　　In 1965, the United States California university professor l. a. zadeh Fuzzy (firstly put forward the concept of Fuzzy) set theory, via</p><p>　　M.

6、 Sugeno, based on the efforts, many scholars in the 1970s established a better fuzzy mathematics theory system. In fuzzy mathematics theory developed on the basis of high-tech -- fuzzy technology is only 20 years history

7、, but it in mechanical, electrical, chemical industry, light industry, aviation, civil, geology, water conservancy, meteorology, enterprise management and social economic and other fields, the booming its application has

8、 created huge economic benefits and social benefits. Japan</p><p>　　1.2 fuzzy medicine</p><p>　　In the past 10 years, the domestic and foreign some mechanical science worker is continuous effo

9、rts, the fuzzy method used in the machinery science with classic set describing all concept, principle and method, the fuzzy mathematics extended to skinned people to the theory of complex and dynamic mechanical system f

10、uzziness of understanding, gradually formed and improved fuzzy mechanical science and technology theory system, the fuzzy medicine has research or are subjects of study are:</p><p>　　(1) artificial intellige

11、nce and fuzzy expert system;</p><p>　　(2) fuzzy robot technology;</p><p>　　(3) fuzzy neural network;</p><p>　　(4) the fuzzy control theory and applications.</p><p>　　(5

12、) fuzzy identification and fault diagnosis</p><p>　　(6) the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation;</p><p>　　(7) fuzzy clustering;</p><p>　　(8) the fuzzy optimization;</p><p>　

13、　(9) fuzzy reliability.</p><p>　　All of these research subject all achieved research results and are made important progress.</p><p>　　1.3 mechanical fuzzy optimization</p><p>　　I

14、n mechanical parts and mechanical system design, design quality standard, material strength and applicable scope, certain load distribution and properties, especially focusing on the economy and efficiency of optimizatio

15、n, all the indicators are fuzzy, the application of the fuzzy optimization theory can will</p><p>　　In the design of the fuzzy factors and fuzzy information given by reasonable quantitative restraint functio

16、n, the objective function of the allowable value, expectations and fuzzy distribution function to reflect the experience, views and expert the design criterion of some recognized. Southwest jiaotong university professor

17、HuangHongZhong studied the basic idea of fuzzy optimal machine the fuzzy optimization problem, research into the method of fuzzy optimization problem. Shandong university of</p><p>　　1.4 domestic hoist opt

18、imization research</p><p>　　Hoist the traditional design method to classical mechanics and mathematical basis, using half theory, half the design method and experience of analogy</p><p>　　Method

19、, design process, cycle is long, repeatedly design accuracy is poor. In recent years, with the rapid development of the computer technology, and many cross</p><p>　　Disciplines of modem design methods get ap

20、plications such as limit state design and optimization design, reliable design, CAD, finite element method, the dynamic simulation design, modular design, three design, universal design. These modern design method makes

21、hoister design into the innovation, high quality, and high efficiency of the new stage. Among them, the optimization design research the most widely used. Wuhan university of hydraulic and electric engineering professor

22、LiChun studied the</p><p>　　2 hoist fuzzy optimization practical significance</p><p>　　Hydropower resources in our country have 37853 million kilowatts, including 90 % for development, hydropowe

23、r development static 35582 billion yuan, invest about total investment accounts for hoister of 3 %, expected by fuzzy optimization, can save cost 20 %, therefore, can save investment 214 billion yuan.</p><p>

24、;　　3 hoiste is the development direction of fuzzy optimization</p><p>　　Water conservancy and hydropower engineering system from the current the actual situation, the hoist fuzzy optimization should focus on

25、 systematically studied and discussed hoister key technology of fuzzy optimization to obtain system and its institutions of universal model of fuzzy optimization and use these theory and method guiding hoister fuzzy opti

26、mization software design, so as to get strong function, moderate scale, and can be effectively applied in engineering practical computer aided an</p><p>　　(1) research hoister are fuzzy design, organization

27、of the fuzzy optimization general organization pattern.</p><p>　　(2) analysis and realize the computer aided design, process, the prototype system for practical engineering to provide a cheap effective analy

28、sis tools, at the same time for further system extension lay a good foundation.</p><p>　　Hoist fuzzy optimization development:</p><p>　　(1) the hoister, fuzzy design including the design paramet

29、ers of fuzzy description, design constraints transition improvement.</p><p>　　(2) the whole hoister fuzzy optimization strategy, research institutions and son agencies role, fuzzy leading parameters and fuzz

30、y function parameters and fuzzy internal parameter descriptions.</p><p>　　(3) to discuss the fuzzy optimization scheme based on hoister of fuzzy decision.</p><p>　　(4) research hoister of multi-

31、objective fuzzy optimization model, discusses the solution.</p><p>　　(5) research frame structure and hoisting and other important son institutions the fuzzy optimization.</p><p>　　(6) research

32、rope drum production process of fuzzy optimization of process parameters.</p><p>　　固定卷揚(yáng)式啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化</p><p><b>　　0 　前言</b></p><p>　　長(zhǎng)期以來,水利水電工程固定卷揚(yáng)式啟閉機(jī)(簡(jiǎn)稱啟閉機(jī)) 的設(shè)計(jì)一直沿用經(jīng)驗(yàn)的類比設(shè)計(jì)

33、方法,不僅所需的設(shè)計(jì)周期較長(zhǎng),而且只在少數(shù)幾個(gè)方案中進(jìn)行比較分析,沒有精確的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來衡量所選擇方案的優(yōu)劣,一般很難得到近乎最優(yōu)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。隨著電子計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用,可以建立一種設(shè)計(jì)過程自動(dòng)選取最優(yōu)方案的有效方法,即優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。這種設(shè)計(jì)方法是數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃與計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物,能夠成為解決復(fù)雜設(shè)計(jì)問題的一種工具。然而,由于設(shè)計(jì)中某些因素如載荷性質(zhì)、材質(zhì)優(yōu)劣很難用確定的數(shù)學(xué)量表示,導(dǎo)致了設(shè)計(jì)的模糊性。普通優(yōu)化方法沒有考慮這些模糊因素的影響,

34、缺乏處理模糊概念的手段和方法,把許多因素人為地當(dāng)成確定的或隨機(jī)性地進(jìn)行處理,往往漏掉了真正的優(yōu)化方案,甚至帶來矛盾的結(jié)果。這就是啟閉機(jī)普通優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)難以真正被工程技術(shù)人員接受的根本原因所在。啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化能夠克服普通優(yōu)化的缺點(diǎn),它研究啟閉機(jī)優(yōu)化過程中普遍存在的模糊性,運(yùn)用模糊數(shù)學(xué)的原理,系統(tǒng)地分析整機(jī)及其滑輪機(jī)構(gòu)、卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)、電氣系統(tǒng)等各機(jī)構(gòu)的內(nèi)在和外在聯(lián)系,合理地確定和計(jì)算各項(xiàng)參數(shù),以期達(dá)到最優(yōu)化的目的。采用模糊優(yōu)化

35、設(shè)計(jì)不僅可以突破傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)格局,克服經(jīng)</p><p>　　1 　模糊優(yōu)化研究綜述</p><p><b>　　1.1 　模糊技術(shù)</b></p><p>　　1965 年, 美國(guó)California 大學(xué)L. A. zadeh教授首次提出了Fuzzy (模糊) 集論的概念,經(jīng)</p><p>　　M. Sugeno 、

36、汪培莊等眾多學(xué)者的努力,于70 年代末建立了比較完善的模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論體系。在模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的高新技術(shù)———模糊技術(shù)雖只有20 余年的歷史,但它在機(jī)械、電氣、化工、輕工、航空航天、土木、地質(zhì)、水利、氣象、企業(yè)管理和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)等領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展勢(shì)頭迅猛,其應(yīng)用已創(chuàng)造了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。日本為了確保21 世紀(jì)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,確定了模糊基礎(chǔ)研究、模糊計(jì)算機(jī)、機(jī)器智能、人機(jī)系統(tǒng)、人與社會(huì)系統(tǒng)、自然系統(tǒng)等六個(gè)模糊技術(shù)的重點(diǎn)發(fā)展領(lǐng)域。美國(guó)不甘落后

37、,重點(diǎn)討論模糊邏輯與神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)合問題,并舉辦過一次國(guó)際性的模糊技術(shù)研討會(huì)。法國(guó)順應(yīng)潮流地成立了神經(jīng)模糊研究所,用以全面地計(jì)劃開發(fā)模糊技術(shù)。德國(guó)的電子和信息部門也把模糊技術(shù)作為重要的研究課題之一。美國(guó)市場(chǎng)信息研究公司(MIBC) 最新調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,到本世紀(jì)末,模糊技術(shù)的世界市場(chǎng)將比現(xiàn)在大30 倍。模糊技術(shù)的研究在日、美、德、法、韓等國(guó)已成果累累。我國(guó)在模糊技術(shù)的研究方面具有自己的特色,主要表現(xiàn)在模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論研究實(shí)力較強(qiáng),但缺乏學(xué)科間的交

38、叉,應(yīng)用背景不明顯,研究的驅(qū)動(dòng)力不強(qiáng),實(shí)際應(yīng)用研究更是薄弱環(huán)節(jié)。</p><p>　　1.2 　模糊機(jī)械學(xué)</p><p>　　近10 年來,國(guó)內(nèi)外一些機(jī)械科學(xué)工作者正在不斷努力,使用模糊方法將機(jī)械科學(xué)中一切能用經(jīng)典集合描述的概念、原理和方法加以推廣,采用模糊數(shù)學(xué)理論來刻劃人們對(duì)復(fù)雜的、動(dòng)態(tài)的機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的模糊性的認(rèn)識(shí),逐步形成和完善了模糊機(jī)械科學(xué)與技術(shù)的理論體系,模糊機(jī)械學(xué)已經(jīng)研究或正在研究

39、的課題有:</p><p>　　(1) 人工智能與模糊專家系統(tǒng);</p><p>　　(2) 模糊機(jī)器人技術(shù);</p><p>　　(3) 模糊神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò);</p><p>　　(4) 模糊控制理論及應(yīng)用;</p><p>　　(5) 模糊識(shí)別與故障診斷</p><p>　　(6) 模糊綜合評(píng)判;

40、</p><p><b>　　(7) 模糊聚類;</b></p><p><b>　　(8) 模糊優(yōu)化;</b></p><p>　　(9) 模糊可靠性。</p><p>　　所有這些研究課題都取得了研究成果并正在取得重要進(jìn)展。</p><p>　　1.3 　機(jī)械模糊優(yōu)化&l

41、t;/p><p>　　在機(jī)械零部件和機(jī)械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中,設(shè)計(jì)的優(yōu)劣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、材料強(qiáng)度及適用范圍、某些載荷的分布和性質(zhì)等,尤其是著眼于經(jīng)濟(jì)和效益的優(yōu)化指標(biāo),都具有模糊性,應(yīng)用模糊優(yōu)化理論能夠?qū)?lt;/p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)中的模糊因素和模糊信息定量化,通過合理給定約束函數(shù)、目標(biāo)函數(shù)的容許值、期望值及其模糊分布函數(shù)來體現(xiàn)專家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、觀點(diǎn)和某些公認(rèn)的設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則。西南交通大學(xué)黃洪鐘教授研究了模糊機(jī)械優(yōu)化的基本思想,

42、研究把模糊優(yōu)化問題轉(zhuǎn)化為非模糊優(yōu)化問題的方法。山東工業(yè)大學(xué)陳舉華博士研究了模糊多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的方法,研究貼近度的尋優(yōu)、算式、加權(quán)因子及性態(tài)分析等。所有這些研究都取得了重大進(jìn)展。目前,機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化已取得了較大成果,機(jī)構(gòu)及整體模糊優(yōu)化還有待進(jìn)一步研究。</p><p>　　1.4 　國(guó)內(nèi)啟閉機(jī)的優(yōu)化研究</p><p>　　啟閉機(jī)傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)方法以經(jīng)典力學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),采用半理論、半經(jīng)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)

43、法和類比法,設(shè)計(jì)過程反復(fù)多,周期長(zhǎng),設(shè)計(jì)精度差。近年來,隨著電子計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,許多跨學(xué)科的現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法得到應(yīng)用,如極限狀態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)、可靠設(shè)計(jì)、CAD、有限元法、動(dòng)態(tài)仿真設(shè)計(jì)、模塊化設(shè)計(jì)、三次設(shè)計(jì)、通用化設(shè)計(jì)。這些現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)方法使啟閉機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)入了創(chuàng)新、高質(zhì)量、高效率的新階段。其中,優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)研究最為廣泛。武漢水利電力大學(xué)李純教授研究了面向方案的啟閉機(jī)優(yōu)化建模、優(yōu)化方法、啟閉機(jī)CAD ;原電力部中南勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)院薛瑞葆教授級(jí)高工研究

44、了啟閉機(jī)專家系統(tǒng);中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)孫幼蘭教授研究了啟閉機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),所有這些研究都取得了豐碩成果。然而遺憾的是,到目前為止,這些成果還沒有全部應(yīng)用到實(shí)際工程的設(shè)計(jì)與制造中去。隨著模糊機(jī)械科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,啟閉機(jī)的模糊優(yōu)化研究將成為本行業(yè)的重要發(fā)展方向。由于模糊優(yōu)化反映了中介過渡普遍存在的模糊性,反映了定量研究從物理領(lǐng)域進(jìn)入到事理領(lǐng)域必然遇到的大量的模糊概念,反映了啟閉機(jī)系統(tǒng)必然要涉及的種種模糊因素,反映了定量值的模糊屬性,必將推動(dòng)啟閉機(jī)的

45、優(yōu)化進(jìn)入一個(gè)新高潮,從而研究出能被工程界普遍接受的新</p><p>　　2 　啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義</p><p>　　我國(guó)水能資源有37853 萬千瓦, 其中的90 %待開發(fā),水電開發(fā)靜態(tài)投資約35582 億元,啟閉機(jī)約占總投資的3 % ,預(yù)計(jì),采用模糊優(yōu)化可節(jié)約成本20 % ,因此,可節(jié)約投資214 億元。</p><p>　　3 　啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的發(fā)展方

46、向</p><p>　　從目前水利水電工程系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際情況來看,啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化應(yīng)著眼于系統(tǒng)地研究和探討啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),以便獲得系統(tǒng)及其機(jī)構(gòu)模糊優(yōu)化的通用模型,并利用這些理論和方法指導(dǎo)啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化軟件設(shè)計(jì),以期獲得功能強(qiáng)、規(guī)模適中、能有效地應(yīng)用于工程實(shí)際的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助分析工具。這些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)具體表現(xiàn)在:</p><p>　　(1) 研究啟閉機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)的模糊設(shè)計(jì),導(dǎo)出機(jī)構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化的一般模式

47、。</p><p>　　(2) 分析并實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)、工藝的原型系統(tǒng),為實(shí)際工程提供一種廉價(jià)有效的分析工具,同時(shí)為進(jìn)一步的系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。</p><p>　　啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化的發(fā)展方向:</p><p>　　(1) 啟閉機(jī)的模糊設(shè)計(jì)包括設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的模糊描述、設(shè)計(jì)約束的過渡改良。</p><p>　　(2) 啟閉機(jī)的整體模糊優(yōu)化策略,

48、研究機(jī)構(gòu)與子機(jī)構(gòu)的作用,模糊主導(dǎo)參數(shù)與模糊作用參數(shù)及模糊內(nèi)部參數(shù)的描述。</p><p>　　(3) 討論基于啟閉機(jī)模糊優(yōu)化方案的模糊判決。</p><p>　　(4) 研究啟閉機(jī)的多目標(biāo)模糊優(yōu)化模型,探討其求解方法。</p><p>　　(5) 研究機(jī)架結(jié)構(gòu)及卷揚(yáng)機(jī)構(gòu)等重要子機(jī)構(gòu)的模糊優(yōu)化。</p><p>　　(6) 研究繩鼓制造過程中的