汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)橋外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附 錄B</b></p><p><b>　　一、英文原材料 </b></p><p>　　Drive axle</p><p>　　All-terrain vehicle needs frequently goes in bad road and in the roadless situat

2、ion, particularly the military automobile's travel condition is worse, this requests to increase the automobile driving gear's number, therefore, all-terrain vehicle uses the multiple spindle actuation. For examp

3、le, if front-wheel drive's automobile two front wheels will both fall into the ditch (this kind of situation to meet frequently on bad road), that automobile will be unable engine's power produces through the<

4、/p><p>　　Drive shafts- or propeller shafts, as they are sometimes called--have one basic function. transferring power or torque from one drive line component to another in a smooth, continuous fashion. In a hea

5、vy-duty truck, that means transmitting engine torque from the output shaft of the transmission to a rear axle or to an auxiliary transmission. Drive shafts are also used to connect forward and rear axles on 4 X 6 tractor

6、s. In most cases, a drive shaft must transfer torque at an angle to the centerl</p><p>　　The drive shaft must also be able to change in length while transmitting torque. As the rear axle reacts to road surf

7、ace changes, torque reactions and braking forces, it tends to rotate for-ward or backward, requiring a corresponding change in the length of the drive shaft. In order to transmit engine torque to the rear axles, the driv

8、e shaft must be durable and strong. An engine producing 1 000 pound--feet of torque, when multiplied by a 12 to t gear ration in the transmission, will deliver 12</p><p>　　Drive shafts are constructed of hig

9、h-strength steel tubing to provide maximum strength with minimum weight. The diameter of the shaft and wall thickness of the tubing is determined by several factors ~ maximum torque and vehicle payload, type of operation

10、, road conditions, and the brake torque that might be encountered. One-piece ,two-piece ,and three-piece drive shafts are used, depending on the length of the drive line. Each end of the drive shaft has a yoke used to co

11、nnect the shaft to other </p><p>　　When the car rounds a curve, the outer wheel must turn faster than the inner wheel. To permit this, the two pinion gears rotate on their pinion shaft, transmitting more tur

12、ning movement to the outer side gear than to the inner side gear. Thus, the side gear on the outer-wheel axle turns more rapidly than the side gear on the inner-wheel axle. This permits the outer wheel to turn more rapid

13、ly while the car is rounding the curve，so that the side gears turn at the same speed as the ring gear, causi</p><p>　　During one revolution of the ring gear, one gear makes two revolutions, one with the ring

14、 gear and another as the pinions "walk around" the other gear. As a result, when the drive wheels have unequal resistance applied to them, the wheel with the least resistance turns more revolutions. As one whee

15、l turns faster, the other turns proportionally slower.</p><p>　　The differential case is supported in the carrier by two tapered-roller side bearings. This assembly can be adjusted from side to side to provi

16、de the proper backlash between the ring gear and pinion and the required side bearing preload. This adjustment is achieved by threaded bearing adjusters on some units and the placement of selective shims and spacers on o

17、thers. It is to be noted that simple universal joint does not transmit the motion uniformly when the shafts are operating at an angle, ex</p><p>　　The propeller shaft is a driving shaft that connects the tra

18、nsmission to the differential. The output shaft or main shaft from the transmission and pinion shaft extending from the differential unit are connected to the propeller shaft and the universal joints. A sliding joint is

19、also used between the propeller shaft and the universal joint near the gear box. The rotary motion of the transmission main shaft is carried out through the propeller shaft to the differential, causing, the rear wheels t

20、</p><p>　　It is to be noted that the transmission main shaft and the differential pinion shaft are not in one horizontal level. The rear axle housing with differential is attached to the frame by springs, th

21、erefore the distance between the gear box and the differential changes due to road irregularities. This also changes the angle of drive. In order that the propeller shaft must take curve of these two changes it is provid

22、ed with one or more universal joints to permit variations in the angle of drive. Al</p><p>　　A universal joint is used where two shafts are connected at an angle to transmit torque. In the transmission syste

23、m of a motor vehicle, the transmission main shaft, propeller shaft and the differential pinion shaft are not in one line, and hence the connection between them are made by universal joint. One universal joint is used to

24、connect the transmission main shaft and the propeller shaft, other universal joint is used to connect the other end of the propeller shaft and the differential pinion</p><p>　　A simple universal joint consis

25、ts of two Y shaped yokes, one on the driving shaft and the other on the driven shaft, and a cross-piece called the spider. The four arms of spider, known as trunnions, are assembled into bearing in the end of the two sha

26、ft angle to each other, the bearings in the yokes permits the yokes to swing around on the trunnions with each revolution.</p><p>　　Next to the gear box in the transmission system is the propeller shaft. It

27、is connected between the gear box and the differential with universal joint at each end. The torque is transmitted from the gear box to the differential through the propeller shaft and universal joints. The differential

28、then transmits the torque to the rear axial to which the rear wheels are connected.</p><p>　　Principle, transfer case various axes use two circular cone roller bearings supporting, its bearing loose allowan

29、ce uses the corresponding adjustment pad adjustment. cross-country vehicle when the good path goes, is the throttle closure consumption and the power transmission part and the tyre wear, as soon as moves must shut off pa

30、sses the front axle power. When cross-country running, if needs the low speed files power, to prevent the rear axle of car and the intermediate axle overload, should </p><p><b>　　二、中文翻譯</b></p

31、><p><b>　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋</b></p><p>　　越野車需要經(jīng)常在壞路和無路情況下行駛，尤其是軍用汽車的行駛條件更為惡劣，這就要求增加汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的數(shù)目，因此，越野車都采用多軸驅(qū)動(dòng)。例如，如果一輛前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車兩前輪都陷入溝中(這種情況在壞路上經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到)，那汽車就無法將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力通過車輪與地面的磨擦產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)力而繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。而假如這輛車的四個(gè)輪子都能產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動(dòng)力的話，

32、那么，還有兩個(gè)沒陷入溝中的車輪能正常工作，使汽車?yán)^續(xù)行駛。</p><p>　　功用，在多軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車上，為了將輸出的動(dòng)力分配給各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)有分動(dòng)器。分動(dòng)器一般都設(shè)有高低檔，以進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大在困難地區(qū)行駛時(shí)的傳動(dòng)比及排擋數(shù)目。分動(dòng)器的功用就是將變速器輸出的動(dòng)力分配到各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，并且進(jìn)一步增大扭矩。分動(dòng)器也是一個(gè)齒輪傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，它單獨(dú)固定在車架上，其輸入軸與變速器的輸出軸用萬向傳動(dòng)裝置連接，分動(dòng)器的輸出軸有若干根，分別經(jīng)萬向

33、傳動(dòng)裝置與各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋相連。大多數(shù)分動(dòng)器由于要起到降速增矩的作用而比變速箱的負(fù)荷大，所以分動(dòng)器中的常嚙齒輪均為斜齒輪，軸承也采用圓錐滾子軸承支承。</p><p>　　驅(qū)動(dòng)軸或傳動(dòng)軸，有一個(gè)基本功用：將功率或扭矩由傳動(dòng)線上的一個(gè)零件傳動(dòng)另一個(gè)零件，既平順又連續(xù)。重型貨車發(fā)動(dòng)的扭矩從邊速器的從動(dòng)軸傳到后橋或一個(gè)副變速箱。大多數(shù)情況下驅(qū)動(dòng)軸必須把來自于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的高速旋轉(zhuǎn)扭矩轉(zhuǎn)換成為驅(qū)動(dòng)組件的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。由于后軸不是直接連接在

34、車架上的而是通過后懸架連接的，同時(shí)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋必須能夠變換角度來適應(yīng)后懸架的彈性跳動(dòng)。</p><p>　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋在傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩的同時(shí)還能改變長(zhǎng)度。因?yàn)楹筝S反映路面的變化，轉(zhuǎn)矩的反映和制動(dòng)力的變化，適應(yīng)向前或者向后的旋轉(zhuǎn)。同時(shí)還要適應(yīng)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的長(zhǎng)度變化。為了把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩傳遞到后軸，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋必須耐用而且結(jié)實(shí)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生1000鎊·尺的轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)乘以一個(gè)齒輪12個(gè)齒在驅(qū)動(dòng)橋上就產(chǎn)生了12000鎊·尺的轉(zhuǎn)矩。后軸必

35、須足夠結(jié)實(shí)來傳遞扭轉(zhuǎn)力矩給承載軸上不能產(chǎn)生變形和段裂。</p><p>　　驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是由高強(qiáng)度的空心鋼管制成的以最小的重量來提供最大的動(dòng)力軸的直徑和軸壁的薄厚是由扭矩的峰值、車輛的額定載重、運(yùn)行的方式、路面狀況和制動(dòng)力矩共同決定的。每一個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的末端都有十字軸用來連接軸和其它的縱向驅(qū)動(dòng)組件的。這個(gè)十字軸被剛性的焊接在半軸的軟管上或者是滑動(dòng)叉上。這個(gè)支撐管一頭連接著萬向節(jié)，另一頭接在支配管上用來輸入和輸出變速器和軸的

36、動(dòng)力。</p><p>　　當(dāng)汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，外側(cè)車輪就必須比內(nèi)側(cè)車輪轉(zhuǎn)的更快。為了達(dá)到這一目的，兩個(gè)行星齒輪在齒輪軸上轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，給外側(cè)的車論提供比內(nèi)側(cè)的車輪更多的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這樣外側(cè)車輪軸上的半軸齒輪比內(nèi)側(cè)車輪軸上的的半軸齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)更快。這樣半軸齒輪與冠狀齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速相等，從而使兩個(gè)后輪也以相同的速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。</p><p>　　差速器殼由兩個(gè)圓錐滾子軸承支撐著，在這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)中可以調(diào)整兩個(gè)軸承間的間隙來滿足冠

37、狀齒輪與驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪間所必需的軸承預(yù)緊度。這種調(diào)整是依靠調(diào)整軸承一些部件的螺栓或者調(diào)整軸承的調(diào)整墊片或襯墊來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)里的變速箱旁邊是傳動(dòng)軸。 它用萬向節(jié)的末端連接在變速箱和差動(dòng)裝置之間。 扭矩通過傳動(dòng)軸和萬向節(jié)從變速箱傳送到差動(dòng)裝置。然后差動(dòng)裝置傳送扭矩給后方軸、給那些被連接的后輪。</p><p>　　傳動(dòng)軸是連接變速器到差動(dòng)裝置的一個(gè)主動(dòng)軸。 輸出軸或主軸被連接到傳動(dòng)軸和萬向節(jié)上，他們從來自延長(zhǎng)的有差動(dòng)

38、單位的差動(dòng)裝置和小齒輪軸。 滑動(dòng)接合也使用在傳動(dòng)軸和在變速箱附近的萬向節(jié)之間。 傳動(dòng)軸的轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)式運(yùn)動(dòng)是通過傳動(dòng)軸，差動(dòng)裝置，引起后輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)來工作。 傳動(dòng)軸必須承受傳送的扭矩的扭轉(zhuǎn)力重壓，然而它必須是輕的、均勻的，以便在高速行駛時(shí)不會(huì)發(fā)生振動(dòng)和偏置。 因此，它由一支強(qiáng)度高的鋼管做成， 同時(shí)也使用堅(jiān)實(shí)的傳動(dòng)軸。 傳動(dòng)軸也許被暴露在大氣中也被一支外管保護(hù)起來。一些應(yīng)用包括軸承或其附近傳動(dòng)軸中心，以支持軸。還有一些應(yīng)用，傳動(dòng)軸是在兩個(gè)區(qū)段，中心軸承

39、再加上萬向節(jié)一起支持傳動(dòng)軸。</p><p>　　需要指出的是，傳動(dòng)軸和差動(dòng)齒輪軸不在一水平面。帶有差動(dòng)裝置的后橋通過彈簧連接到框架上，因此變速箱和差動(dòng)裝置變動(dòng)之間的距離是由于路的不規(guī)則性引起的。 這也改變角傳動(dòng)。 為了傳動(dòng)軸必須沿著這兩條變動(dòng)曲線，在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角里提供一個(gè)或更多萬向節(jié)使角度可以變化。 并且，必須帶有允許傳動(dòng)軸的有效長(zhǎng)度可以改變的滑動(dòng)接合。</p><p>　　在一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)角處二個(gè)軸

40、連接的地方使用一個(gè)萬向節(jié)來傳送扭矩。 在機(jī)動(dòng)車的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中，傳動(dòng)軸、傳動(dòng)軸和有差動(dòng)小齒輪軸不在一條線，并且他們之間的聯(lián)系由萬向節(jié)建立。 一個(gè)萬向節(jié)被用于連接傳動(dòng)軸和傳動(dòng)軸，另一個(gè)萬向節(jié)被用于連接傳動(dòng)軸和差動(dòng)小齒輪軸的另一個(gè)末端。 因此，三個(gè)軸之間的連接是靈活的且互相之間有一個(gè)角度的。萬向節(jié)不僅在轉(zhuǎn)角處，而且當(dāng)這個(gè)角度不斷變化時(shí)也允許扭矩傳輸。</p><p>　　一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的萬向節(jié)包括兩個(gè)Y字形的軛，一個(gè)在主動(dòng)軸上

41、而另一個(gè)在主動(dòng)軸和稱腳架的橫木上。 腳架的四條胳膊，叫作耳軸，在兩個(gè)軸的末端，組裝成軸承。每次回轉(zhuǎn)，軛的軸承允許軛在耳軸上搖擺。</p><p>　　要注意的是，當(dāng)軸在一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)角處運(yùn)作時(shí)，除了恒定的速度類型萬向節(jié)以外，簡(jiǎn)單的萬向節(jié)不能一致地傳送行動(dòng)。 由于樞軸銷在同一平面不旋轉(zhuǎn)，在每次回轉(zhuǎn)主動(dòng)軸將增加到最大值并且兩次減少到一個(gè)極小值。 然而，雖然程度的變化是小，但是，它可能通過使用兩個(gè)萬向節(jié)會(huì)盡量減小。安排二聯(lián)接，

42、以便每聯(lián)接的不均勻的自轉(zhuǎn)傾向于中立化。</p><p>　　傳動(dòng)系主減速器齒輪的的作用是將變速器輸出的轉(zhuǎn)矩傳遞給主減速器的差速器部分。主減速器的差速部分與后橋驅(qū)動(dòng)的主減速器中的差速器齒輪的基本操作方法是相同的。當(dāng)主減速器橫置安裝時(shí)，傳遞動(dòng)力的輪系與驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪在同一直線上，因此差速器在傳遞動(dòng)力是不需要將動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)。</p><p>　　分動(dòng)器各軸均用兩個(gè)圓錐滾子軸承支承，其軸承松緊度用相應(yīng)的調(diào)整墊