電氣 自動化 外文翻譯 外文文獻(xiàn) 英文文獻(xiàn)

1、<p><b>　　外文資料（原文）</b></p><p>　　Modeling, Simulation, and Reduction of Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Due to a PWM Buck Type Switching Power Supply I </p><p>　　A. Farhadi

2、 </p><p>　　Abstract:Undesired generation of radiated or conducted energy in electrical systems is called Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). High speed switching frequency in power electronics converters esp

3、ecially in switching power supplies improves efficiency but leads to EMI. Different kind of conducted interference, EMI regulations and conducted EMI measurement are introduced in this paper. Compliancy with national or

4、international regulation is called Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Power electr</p><p>　　Index Terms:Conducted, EMC, EMI, LISN, Switching Supply </p><p>　　I. INTRODUCTION </p><p

5、>　　FAST semiconductors make it possible to have high speed and high frequency switching in power electronics . High speed switching causes weight and volume reduction of equipment, but some unwanted effects such as ra

6、dio frequency interference appeared . Compliance with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations is necessary for producers to present their products to the markets. It is important to take EMC aspects already in de

7、sign phase . Modeling and simulation is the most effective tool to</p><p>　　II. SOURCE, PATH AND VICTIM OF EMI </p><p>　　Undesired voltage or current is called interference and their cause is ca

8、lled interference source. In this paper a high-speed switching power supply is the source of interference. </p><p>　　Interference propagated by radiation in area around of an interference source or by conduc

9、tion through common cabling or wiring connections. In this study conducted emission is considered only. Equipment such as computers, receivers, amplifiers, industrial controllers, etc that are exposed to interference cor

10、ruption are called victims. The common connections of elements, source lines and cabling provide paths for conducted noise or interference. Electromagnetic conducted interference has two com</p><p>　　A. Diff

11、erential mode conducted interference </p><p>　　This mode is related to the noise that is imposed between different lines of a test circuit by a noise source. Related current path is shown in Fig. 1 . The int

12、erference source, path impedances, differential mode current and load impedance are also shown in Fig. 1. </p><p>　　B. Common mode conducted interference </p><p>　　Common mode noise or interfere

13、nce could appear and impose between the lines, cables or connections and common ground. Any leakage current between load and common ground could be modeled by interference voltage source. </p><p>　　Fig. 2 de

14、monstrates the common mode interference source, common mode currents Icm1 and Icm2 and the related current paths. The power electronics converters perform as noise source between lines of the supply network. In this stud

15、y differential mode of conducted interference is particularly important and discussion will be continued considering this mode only. </p><p>　　III. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REGULATIONS </p><p

16、>　　Application of electrical equipment especially static power electronic converters in different equipment is increasing more and more. As mentioned before, power electronics converters are considered as an important

17、 source of electromagnetic interference and have corrupting effects on the electric networks . High level of pollution resulting from various disturbances reduces the quality of power in electric networks. On the other s

18、ide some residential, commercial and especially medical consumers </p><p>　　For different groups of consumers different classes of regulations could be complied. Class A for common consumers and class B with

19、 more hard limitations for special consumers are separated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Frequency range of limitation is different for IEC and VDE that are 150 kHz up to 30 MHz and 10 kHz up to 30 MHz respectively. Compliance o

20、f regulations is evaluated by comparison of measured or calculated conducted interference level in the mentioned frequency range with the stated requ</p><p>　　IV. ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE MEASU

21、REMENT </p><p>　　A. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN)</p><p>　　1-Providing a low impedance path to transfer power from source to power electronics converter and load. </p><p

22、>　　2-Providing a low impedance path from interference source, here power electronics converter, to measurement port. </p><p>　　Variation of LISN impedance versus frequency with the mentioned topology is p

23、resented in Fig. 7. LISN has stabilized impedance in the range of conducted EMI measurement . </p><p>　　Variation of level of signal at the output of LISN versus frequency is the spectrum of interference. Th

24、e electromagnetic compatibility of a system can be evaluated by comparison of its interference spectrum with the standard limitations. The level of signal at the output of LISN in frequency range 10 kHz up to 30 MHz or 1

25、50 kHz up to 30 MHz is criterion of compatibility and should be under the standard limitations. In practical situations, the LISN output is connected to a spectrum analyzer and </p><p><b>　　外文資料（譯文）<

26、;/b></p><p>　　基于壓降型PWM開關(guān)電源的建模、仿真和減少傳導(dǎo)性電磁干擾</p><p>　　摘要：電子設(shè)備之中雜亂的輻射或者能量叫做電磁干擾(EMI)。尤其是在開關(guān)電源中的電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器經(jīng)常高速切換時，雖然提高了工作效率，卻導(dǎo)致轉(zhuǎn)換器產(chǎn)生了電磁干擾。在這篇論文之中介紹了各種各樣的傳導(dǎo)干擾，電磁干擾規(guī)章以及傳導(dǎo)性電磁干擾的測量。如果電子設(shè)備的電磁干擾符合國家或者國際規(guī)章

27、稱為電磁兼容性（EMC）。電力電子系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)商一定要重視電子設(shè)備的電磁兼容性。電磁兼容性評估的第一步就是建模和仿真。在這篇論文中提出了基于壓降型脈寬調(diào)制開關(guān)電源的電磁干擾仿真結(jié)果。為了提高電子設(shè)備的電磁兼容性,在論文中介紹了一些技術(shù)，并且通過仿真提高了電子設(shè)備的工作效率。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵字：傳導(dǎo)，電磁兼容性，電磁干擾，線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)，開關(guān)電源</p><p><b>　

28、　一.前言</b></p><p>　　在電力電子領(lǐng)域中，快速半導(dǎo)體的出現(xiàn)使高速度，高頻率的開關(guān)切換成為了可能[1]。高速的開關(guān)造成設(shè)備的重量和體積的減少，但與此同時這也造成了一些不利的影響，比如無線頻率的干擾[2]。生產(chǎn)商將生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品投放到市場，遵守電磁兼容性規(guī)章是必要的。在設(shè)計(jì)階段考慮電磁兼容性問題是非常重要的[3]。在開發(fā)產(chǎn)品前，建模和仿真是分析電磁兼容性最有效的工具。許多以前的研究都有涉及到電

29、力電子元件的低頻分析[4~5]。不同類型的電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器都能夠被用來當(dāng)做電磁的干擾源。電磁干擾源可以通過輻射和傳導(dǎo)兩種方式來傳播。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)被用來測量和計(jì)算電磁干擾影響的程度[6]。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)輸出的干擾頻譜被引為電磁兼容性的評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7,~8]。國家或國際規(guī)章是電子設(shè)備電磁兼容性評估的一個參考的方面[7~8]。</p><p>　　二、來源，途徑和電磁干擾的受害者</p><p&g

30、t;　　雜亂的電壓或者電流被稱為干擾，而它們的來源被稱為干擾源。本論文中的干擾源就是一個高速的開關(guān)電源。干擾通過輻射的方式在干擾源周圍傳播或通過和常見的電纜或電線連接進(jìn)行傳導(dǎo)。在這項(xiàng)研究中只考慮傳導(dǎo)發(fā)射設(shè)備，如電腦，接收器，放大器，工業(yè)控制器等。這些被干擾源輻射的設(shè)備被稱為受害者。常見的元素，源頭接線，布線為噪聲以及干擾的傳導(dǎo)提供了途徑。電磁傳導(dǎo)干擾有差模和共模兩種干擾方法[9]。</p><p><b&g

31、t;　　A.差模傳導(dǎo)干擾</b></p><p>　　這種模式就是將一個噪聲源的噪聲施加到一個測試電路的不同線路。它的電路如下圖1所示[9]。在圖1中也顯示了干擾源，路徑阻抗，差模電流以及負(fù)載阻抗。</p><p>　　圖1差模傳導(dǎo)干擾路徑</p><p><b>　　B.常見的干擾方式</b></p><p&g

32、t;　　共模噪聲或干擾可能出現(xiàn)在電線或者電纜的連接點(diǎn)。負(fù)載和接地點(diǎn)的任意泄露都可以被認(rèn)為是電壓干擾源。圖2演示了共模干擾源在共模電流為Icm1和Icm2時相關(guān)的電流路徑[9]。電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器可以被用來作為供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)線路之間的噪音源。在這項(xiàng)研究中不同的傳導(dǎo)干擾模式是非常重要的，所以討論只會在這種模式下被繼續(xù)考慮。</p><p><b>　　三、電磁兼容性規(guī)章</b></p>&l

33、t;p>　　電子設(shè)備的應(yīng)用，特別是那些擁有靜態(tài)電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器的電子設(shè)備越來越多。就像前面講的一樣，電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器被視為一個重要的電磁干擾源，并能使電網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生腐壞。各種各樣的干擾造成的高污染降低了電網(wǎng)電能的質(zhì)量。另一方面，一些住宅，廣告，特別是醫(yī)療器件對電力系統(tǒng)的電壓及頻率變化的干擾非常敏感。最好的解決干擾和提高電能質(zhì)量的方法就是遵守國家或國際電磁兼容性規(guī)定。國際無線電干擾特別委員會，國際電工委員會標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，美國聯(lián)邦通訊委員會和德國電氣工

34、程師協(xié)會認(rèn)證是歐洲，美國，德國最有名的決策并且出版最重要電磁兼容性法規(guī)的組織。IEC和VDE在傳導(dǎo)發(fā)射上的需要和限制如圖 3 和圖 4所示[7,9]。</p><p>　　圖2共模傳導(dǎo)干擾路徑</p><p>　　圖3 IEC管理排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　不同的消費(fèi)者群體可以遵守不同類別的規(guī)定。A類為普通的消費(fèi)者，B類為具有更苛刻限制的消費(fèi)者，在圖 3 和圖 4

35、這兩者被分開。IEC和VDE頻率范圍不同，前者范圍為150 千赫茲 到 30 兆赫茲，后者的范圍為10 千赫茲 到 30 兆赫茲，在上述法規(guī)規(guī)定要求的頻率范圍內(nèi)，法規(guī)的遵守情況被用來測量或者計(jì)算傳導(dǎo)干擾的水平。在歐美社會電磁兼容性法規(guī)的遵行是強(qiáng)制的，產(chǎn)品必須要有認(rèn)證的標(biāo)簽以表示達(dá)到法規(guī)的要求[8]。</p><p>　　圖4 VDE管理排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)</p><p>　　四、電磁傳導(dǎo)干擾測試&l

36、t;/p><p>　　A. 線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)（LISN）</p><p>　　線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)是提供一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工業(yè)元素被放置在供應(yīng)和電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器之間， 包括加載一個接口以便可以對傳導(dǎo)干擾進(jìn)行測量[7]，所述的情況如圖5 所示[6]。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)具有以下幾個特點(diǎn)，以滿足測量條件[7]。</p><p>　　提供一個低阻抗路徑轉(zhuǎn)移源動力到電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器以及負(fù)載。&l

37、t;/p><p>　　干擾源提供一個低阻抗路徑，電力電子轉(zhuǎn)換器用來測量路徑端口。</p><p>　　圖5 LISN網(wǎng)絡(luò)布局測量傳導(dǎo)干擾</p><p>　　B. 線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)?lt;/p><p>　　線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)比較常見的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)如圖6所示[7]。</p><p>　　圖6 LISN網(wǎng)絡(luò)常見的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)</p

38、><p>　　圖7LISN頻率變化</p><p>　　圖7中給出了線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)的阻抗與頻率的變化以及前面提到的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)。線性阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)在電磁干擾測量范圍之內(nèi)擁有穩(wěn)定的阻抗[7]。</p><p>　　線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)輸出的信號電平與頻率的變化就是干擾頻譜。一個系統(tǒng)的電磁兼容性可以通過比較它的干擾頻譜和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的限制來進(jìn)行評估。線路阻抗穩(wěn)定網(wǎng)絡(luò)輸出的信號電平范圍在10